Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the engines of growth and innovation in the APEC region. They account for over 97 percent of all businesses and employ over half of the workforce across APEC economies. They contribute significantly to economic growth, with their share of GDP ranging from 40 percent to 60 percent in most economies. However, they only account for 35 percent or less of direct exports.
In 2022, the strategic plan was updated to integrate the APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040 and the Aotearoa Plan of Action adopted by APEC economic leaders in November 2020 and 2021, respectively, as annexes to the document. In this sense, the SMEWG Strategic Plan contributes with the three APA drivers (Trade and Investment; Innovation and Digitalization; and Strong, Balanced, Secure, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth).
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- Updated on their respective projects and initiatives, as well as best practices, policy measures and achievements, guided by the five priority areas as outlined in the SME Working Group Strategic Plan 2021-2024. These updates reflected alignment with APEC 2024 priorities, APV and APA, among others.
- Agreed to update the SMEWG Strategic Plan, the SMEWG Terms of Reference, and the SMEWG Specialised Centres for the 2025-2028, and communicating to the SOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation about decisions taken on satellite websites.
- Were informed by the SMEWG Program Director that during 2023, 16 projects focused on the abovementioned Strategic Plan priorities as follows: namely: Entrepreneurship, innovation, and start-ups (81 percent); SME access to international markets and global value chains (63 percent); Inclusive capability development towards digitalization (38 percent); access to finance and alternative financial solutions (19 percent); and government to business interactions (69 percent).
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Traditional EPI vaccines are considered to be among the most efficient uses of scarce health care resources. Today, there are many under-used and new vaccines available. In the short- to medium-term, these vaccines will not cost the few cents per dose the traditional vaccines do, but will be 'multi-dollar' vaccines. Decision-makers will need information, among other things, on their relative cost-effectiveness. A number of reviews have indicated that there is scope for improving the transparency, completeness and comparability of economic evaluations of vaccination programmes. Thus, there is a need to improve the quality of economic evaluations of vaccination programmes. Adherence to general guidelines would increase the quality, interpretability and transferability of future analyses. However, there is reason to believe that there might also be a need for more specific advice for vaccination programmes. For example, there are inconsistencies in the methods used to estimate the future benefits of vaccination programmes and the relative efficiency of these programmes can be sensitive to some of the more controversial aspects of general guidelines, such as the inclusion of indirect costs and the discounting of health outcomes. This guide has been developed in order to meet the needs of decision-makers for relevant, reliable and consistent economic information. They aim to provide clear and concise, practical and high quality guidance for those who conduct economic evaluations.
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Macroeconomic policy is one of the most important policy domains, and the tools of macroeconomics are among the most valuable for policy makers. Yet there has been, up to now, a wide gulf between the level at which macroeconomics is taught at the undergraduate level and the level at which it is practiced. At the same time, doctoral-level textbooks are usually not targeted at a policy audience, making advanced macroeconomics less accessible to current and aspiring practitioners.
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Students can Download Economics Chapter 12 Mathematical Methods for Economics Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
Question 35.
A Research scholar researching the market for fresh cow milk assumes that Qt = f (Pt, Y, A, N, Pc) where Qt is the quantity of milk demanded, Pt is the price of fresh cow milk, Y is average household income, A is advertising expenditure on processed pocket milk, N is population and Pc is the price of processed pocket milk.
Question 4.
What are the ideas of information and communication technology used in economics?
Answer:
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the infrastructure that enables computing faster and accurate
In economics the uses of mathematical and statistical tools need the support of ICT for data compiling, editing, manipulating and presenting the results.
Question 1.
What is economic analysis?
Answer:
Economic analysis is a systematic approach to determine the optimum use of scare resources and choose available alternatives and select the best alternative to achieve a particular objective.
Students can download 11th Economics Chapter 1 Introduction to Micro Economics Questions and Answers, Notes, Samcheer Kalvi 11th Economics Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus, helps students complete homework assignments and to score high marks in board exams.
Question 37.
Elaborate on the nature and scope of Economics?
Answer:
Nature of Economics:
The nature of a subject refers to its contents and how and why they find a place in the subject. This nature is understood by studying the various definitions given by Economists.
The nature of Economics can be clearly understood from the following definitions :
Question 38.
Explain basic problems of the economy with the help of the production possibility curve?
Answer:
1. The problem of choice between relatively scarce commodities due to limited productive resources with the society can be illustrated with the help of a geometric device, which is known as the production possibility curve.
If on the other hand, all resources are instead used for producing cars, 25 cars can be produced. In between these two extreme possibilities exist. If we are willing to give up some food, we can have some cars.
6. We can obtain a production possibility curve by drawing the production possibilities schedule graphically. The quantity of food is shown on the x-axis and the number of cars is shown on the y-axis, the different six production possibilities are being shown as point P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 & P6
1. The problem of choice:
The problem of choice arises because of the given limited resources and unlimited wants, which may relate to the allocation of resources between the goods for the higher income group and the lower-income group and the goods for the defense and the civilians. Since PPC is the locus of the combination of the goods the problem of choice will not arise when we choose any point on PPC.
2. Solution of central problems:
The central problems of an economy can be explained with the help of PPC. The solution to the problem of what to produce involves the decision regarding the choice of location on the production possibility carves.
Question 1.
What is the scope of Economics?
Answer:
The scope of the subject of Economics refers to the subject matter of Economics. It throws light on whether it is an art or a science and if science, whether it is a positive science or normative science.
4. Public economics:
Public finance is concerned with the income or revenue-raising and expenditure incurring activities of the public authorities. It covers public expenditure, public revenue, public debt, and financial administration.
5. Developmental economics:
Development economics deals with features of developed nations, obstacles for development. Economic and non-economic factors influencing development, various growth models, and strategies.
6. Health economics:
Health economics is an area of applied economics. It covers health indicators, preventive and curative measures, medical research, and education. Rural health and budgetary allocation for health etc.
7. Environmental economics:
Environmental economics analyses the interrelationship between economy and environment. It is a study of interdisciplinary tools for the problems of ecology, economy, and environment.
CBSE Sample Papers Class 11 Economics for the session 2023-24 are now available on myCBSEguide app. We have followed the new marking scheme and the blueprint released by CBSE. We are providing Economics sample papers for Class 11 CBSE exams. Sample Papers are available for free download on the myCBSEguide app and website in PDF format. This helps students find the to answer the most frequently asked question. After practicing some of the model papers, students will definitely understand how to prepare for the CBSE exams.
CBSE Class 11 Economics Sample Papers 2024 follow the blueprint of the current session only. We advise students to download these model question papers and practice them as much as possible. It will certainly boost their level of preparation for the examinations.
The model papers of class 11th Eco have two sections. The first section has questions from Micro Economics and the second section has questions from Statistics. Here, both sections have an equal weightage of 40 marks each. The remaining 20 marks are for internal assessment. 152ee80cbc
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