Background
Background
Denis Goldberg's imprint on the African National Congress (ANC) extends far beyond his notable activism and leadership in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. While his pivotal role in the anti-apartheid movement has rightfully earned him acclaim, one of Goldberg's lesser-known contributions lies in merchandise endeavours, a facet of the struggle that wielded significant symbolic power and practical utility.
In the crucible of resistance against apartheid, the ANC recognised the importance of ideological warfare and the power of imagery and messaging. As the struggle escalated, the ANC sought to mobilise domestic and international support through various means, including creating and disseminating merchandise bearing the organisation's logo and messages of liberation.
Goldberg emerged as a central figure in spearheading the ANC's merchandise initiatives. His engineering background and meticulous attention to detail equipped him with the skills necessary to coordinate the production and distribution of ANC merchandise efficiently. Under his guidance, the ANC's merchandise endeavours flourished, producing various items ranging from posters and jewellery to button pins and T-shirts. Each item served as a tangible expression of the ANC's message, carrying the spirit of resistance and the hope for a liberated South Africa. These items became not just symbols of solidarity but also practical tools for raising awareness and funds for the ANC's liberation struggle.
Today, many of the artefacts and memorabilia from this pivotal period in South Africa's history are preserved and safeguarded in the Art & Artefacts section of the UWC Robben Island Mayibuye Archives. Among these treasures are remnants of the ANC's merchandise and marketing operations, including the October 1988 Catalogue - Support The ANC. The catalogue became a contentious issue for the apartheid regime, which declared it an undesirable publication in December 1988. In The Mission: A Life for Freedom in South Africa by Denis Goldberg, he shared details about his time working in the London office of the ANC in the 1980s.
" We developed an ever-expanding range of shirts and other memorabilia that I took with me wherever I spoke in public. We were helped by a supportive group of T-shirt printers who were the adult children of Greek and Cypriot activists who had resisted British rule and then their own colonels’ regime. Slowly the idea of a mail-order service we called ANCSA (ANC of South Africa) Merchandise was born. Gill Marcus’s Information Section designed and produced simple and effective catalogues for us. The range of goods kept growing to include sterling silver pendants of our MK Warrior, our logo on high quality enamel badges, brooches, earrings, watches, coffee mugs and pens until we were shipping more than £110 000 (about a quarter of a million US Dollars) of goods a year. The loss each year was about £10 000 and that for a large amount of publicity that showed in a very public way people’s identification with the ANC as the leader of the struggle against apartheid."
The 1988 ANC Catalogue
In October 1988, the ANC produced a catalogue advertising its merchandise range. It included apparel, mugs, jewellery and badges. Gill Marcus' team in the ANC's Information Section in London put the catalogue together.
Gill Marcus
In London, Gill Marcus became involved with the Communist Party and ANC. She served as deputy secretary for information and editor of an ANC news bulletin for 15 years. According to Goldberg, she was involved in the design and production of the merchandise catalogues.
Marcus entered Parliament in 1994 after a 25-year career in communication. Transitioning to economics, she chaired the Joint Standing Committee on Finance, earning a reputation for transparency. She became Deputy Finance Minister, Deputy Governor of the South African Reserve Bank, and later Governor.
Source: https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/marcus-gill
apartheid Government Declares 1988 Catalogue Undesirable
Browse the Government Gazette
The Denis Goldberg ANC Merchandise Catalogue
Goldberg’s collection is housed at the UWC Robben Island Mayibuye Archives. He generously donated the items before his death in 2020. It contains hundreds of valuable historical badges, button pins and jewellery that the ANC distributed from the United Kingdom.
In his book, Goldberg explained that while in exile in London, he convinced his colleagues to produce and sell their own ANC materials to supporters to establish the liberation movement's "presence more widely in the mass consciousness of the British people".
Additionally, the catalogue revealed that the proceeds helped to fund their "work against apartheid." Goldberg indicated that they were shipping more than £ 110,000 worth of merchandise annually, which is more than R 2.5 million by today's standards.
Items
Size: 1cm x 2,5cm
Material: Metal covered with enamel coating
Price: Sold for £2.00
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
"One of my more delightful moments was giving OR Tambo our enamel logo badge. He insisted that he must have them in presentation boxes, immediately, in numbers to take with him on a trip to visit heads of government in the Caribbean. Frene [Ginwala] was in his party on that trip and she told me that he enjoyed giving them to Prime Ministers as tokens of appreciation, and explaining to them the symbolism of our logo: The four spoke wheel of the 1955 Congress of the People, with each spoke representing a national group – African, Coloured, Indian and White, bound together in a wheel representing the unity of the Congress Alliance out of which comes a fist holding a spear together with a shield representing the historic resistance against colonial conquest and now representing Umkhonto we Sizwe, the shield and spear of our people, and the ANC flag with its bands of Black for the oppressed people, green for the fertile land and gold for the mineral wealth beneath our soil. " - Denis Goldberg, The Mission: A Life for Freedom in South Africa
Size: 3cm
Material: Paper print covered in plastic with metal back
Price: Sold for 30p
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
"Since the founding of the African National Congress (ANC) Bantu Women's League in 1913, women have been active in other organisations, especially those based in urban areas. Women played an active role in the Campaign of Defiance Against Unjust Laws during which, in 1952, many were arrested. They also helped to organise the Congress of Democrats, a white organisation in alliance with the ANC and the Coloured People`s Congress. However, the lack of a broad-based women's organisation made the participation of women sporadic. In addition, almost all activity was urban-based, with little or no contact with women in the reserves." - South African History Online
Size: 3cm x 3cm
Material: Paper print covered in plastic with metal back
Price: Sold for 30p
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
"Commonwealth leaders agreed a programme of economic sanctions against apartheid-era South Africa in 1986, helping to galvanise international action against the apartheid regime." The Commonwealth News
ANC Spearman
ANC Spearman Badge
Size: 3cm x 2,5cm
Material: Silver
Price: Sold for £6.00
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
ANC Spearman Earrings
Size: 2,5cm x 2,5cm each
Material: Silver
Price: Sold for £10,00
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
ANC Spearman Mould
Hean Studio plastic bag
Size: 15cm x 10cm
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
Rubber mould
Size: 4,5cm x 7cm
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
Among the items in the Denis Goldberg Collection is a 15cm x 10cm plastic bag, which contains a rubber mould used to create the silver ANC Spearman jewellery. Hean Studio Ltd was established in 1970 and is based in Herefordshire, London according to the company website.
ANC Logo
ANC Logo Earrings
Size: 2cm x 1cm each - without earring hook
Material: Silver
Price: Sold for £10,00
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
ANC Logo Pendant
Pendant Size: 3cm x 1,5cm
Chain length: Approximately 45cm
Material: Silver
Price: Sold for £10,00
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
ANC Logo Elements
1cm in length and 5mm in height, the silver ANC letters were used in the earring and pendant design.
The ANC letters were affixed to a silver spear and wheel which were used in the earring and pendant design.
October 1988 Catalogue
ANC Flag Earrings
Size: 1cm x 1cm each without hooks
Material: Metal with enamel coating
Price: Sold for £5.00
Location: UWC-RIM Mayibuye Archives
"The flag of the ANC is made of equal horizontal bands of black, green and gold. The black symbolises the people of South Africa who, for generations, have fought for freedom.
The green represents the land, which sustained our people for centuries and from which they were removed by colonial and apartheid governments. The gold represents the mineral and other natural wealth of South Africa, which belongs to all its people, but which has been used to benefit only a small racial minority. The logo contains a spear and shield to represent the early wars of resistance to colonial rule, the armed struggle of the ANC`s former armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, and the ANC`s ongoing struggle against racial privilege and oppression. The wheel dates back to the campaign for the Congress of the People, which adopted the Freedom Charter, and marks the joining in a common struggle for freedom people from all South Africa`s communities. " - African National Congress
ANC Brand Elements
Like Goldberg, GM* — a former lecturer at a South African university — joined the ranks of uMkhonto we Sizwe, the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress (ANC). She dedicated over 20 years to the struggle against colonialism, fighting for national liberation and the emancipation of African people across the continent. Over the years, she collected many small, portable items, including badges, jewellery, and prints.
Among her treasures are the ANC Emblem and ANC flag badges. She cannot remember who gifted them to her, but she has cherished them, along with her other items, for many years.
She highlighted the importance of symbolic attachments in human culture, marking significant occasions and recognising solidarity. These keepsakes were more than just items; they represented deep connections and shared struggles. They could also be worn without raising suspicion.
"I held a job as a lecturer," she said. "At the same time, I was already living in other worlds outside of the mainstream of white apartheid South Africa. Which is probably why the symbolic importance of these objects meant so much to me because there was no other way I could identify. I couldn’t walk in the street and say – I don’t feel white, or I am part of the revolution. People did it in their own way; there were lots of people involved. I was very fortunate, and I was very fortunate not to have been imprisoned."
*Not her real name
UWC Robben Island Mayibuye Archives - Art & Artefacts
Caroline Wintein is the current Art & Artefacts Coordinator and has a diverse professional background. With experience spanning South Africa, Belgium, and Ireland, she has served as a curator, education and outreach officer, conservator, and collections coordinator. Renowned artist and archivist Hamilton Budaza worked in this section of the archive for many years until his retirement in 2023. Wintein and Budaza have been responsible for collecting, sorting, and archiving thousands of items over the years, including Goldberg’s ANC merchandise, which consists of more than 1000 pieces – many of which are duplicates. The delicate items have been immaculately preserved and categorised. Weinstein had even kept one of the original ice cream containers, which Goldberg used to store some of the items.
The UWC Robben Island Museum Mayibuye Archives houses diverse multimedia collections that vividly portray the multifaceted resistance against apartheid, both within South Africa and abroad. Originating from the International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF), which operated from 1966 until 1991 in London, the core collection formed the foundation of the Mayibuye Centre for History and Culture at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). Subsequently, following the establishment of the Mayibuye Centre in 1992, numerous activists - including Goldberg - and organisations contributed their collections. The Mayibuye archive collections are invaluable and provide insight into South Africa’s tumultuous history.