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Vocabulary:
Bioaccumulation: Buildup of chemicals inside living organisms
Bioconcentration factor (BCF): The ratio between the concentration of a chemical in a tissue and the concentration of the same chemical in a diet
Carbon neutral: State of net-zero carbon dioxide emissions (Balancing carbon dioxide emissions with its removal)
Cruelty free: Cosmetics manufactured and developed using methods that do not involve experiments on animals
Ecosystem services: goods and services provided by ecosystems to humans (can be described as provision, regulating, cultural, or supporting services)
Footprint/ carbon footprint: amount of greenhouse gases emitted due to consumption of fossil fuels by an individual
Green advertisement: promoting product around premise of environmental sustainability
Greenhouse gases: A gas that contributed to greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation
Greenwashing: Process of conveying the false impression of being environmentally responsible
Hydrophobic: The tendency to repel or fail to mix with water
Vitro testing: testing involving isolated tissues, organs, or cells.
Key Terms:
Sustainability, beauty-products, eco-friendly, animal testing
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Eco-Friendly Brands
Avoid Greenwashing
Look out for
What to do with Product Waste
Helpful Thinking
Cosmetic Industry Impact on Aquatic Life
Animal Testing Impact on Environment
Deforestation Issue
Support what Matters
Conclusion
Citations
Introduction:
As global warming continues, it is important to consider ways to decrease your carbon footprint to slow the impact. For many beauty product buyers, how to best reduce your footprint is what this guide will present. From supporting companies who advocate for the environment to how to appropriately deal with product waste and more, this guide will venture into solutions and provide necessary background information and significance relating to real world events. By decreasing individual's footprints and educating yourself on what to support, it will help the sustainability of our planet.
Background:
When looking for beauty products, the expectation should at least be cruelty free. Choosing cruelty free is not just a moral dilemma, it also benefits you because animal testing is unreliable when compared to other testing practices since it detects a smaller percentage of dangerous substances. Some alternates to animal-testing include silicon chip organs, skin cell culture tests, human tissue donors, and human volunteers. These cell-based tests reliably detect dangerous substances. The outcome is more reliable and better ensures safety of health to customers. However, multiple companies are focused on short-term profit. Due to the biological processes and technology involved with vitro-testing, companies would rather choose animal testing and be sufficed with unreliable but easier testing. During any experiment, there are three factors to consider: time, cost, and capacity of experiments needed to provide reliable results. A popular vitro testing process is tissue culture testing which is costly initially but profits more in the long run. The increased precision of alternative testing entails reduction and saves cost overall. Shifts in societal norms impact experimentation since experiments supported by human society are the ones to be tested freely.
Moreover, as climate change becomes more prevalent in its effect on the environment, society has put more emphasis on sustainability. Brand image has been increasingly impacted by sustainability advertisement. The cosmetic industry has made goals to increase use of natural materials in their products as global warming continues. The branding of eco-friendly products increases popularity of products. The question between trust and attitude arises. The rising demand for organic goods also positively impacts farmers who specialize in organic materials. It also gives the opportunity for creativity such as incorporating herbal medicines into formulas of beauty products. Green advertisement increases consumer’s awareness of organic goods and may influence them to investigate other eco-friendly products in their every-day items. Green advertisement also builds customer trust and brand value. Many green branded products are affordable. By increasing green awareness through advertisements, the attitude toward buying green products will becmore more positive.
Eco-Friendly Brands:
You can help reduce your footprint and personal waste with eco-friendly brands.
L’Oréal (advocates for sustainability by increasing organic material and decreasing carbon footprint). Uses paper-based packaging (recyclable)
Palm oil is sourced from SG model which complies with sustainable sourcing
Achieved top score for climate protection, water management, and forest preservation.
Uses tool SPOT (Sustainable Product Optimization Tool) to assess environmental and social performances of all products to guide sustainability efforts
Not cruelty-free!
Site: www.loreal.com/en/
“Blue beauty” products: Help lessen strain on our oceans by containing pure sustainable substances and each product can be combined for new uses.
Full ingredient transparency, 100% biodegradability, cruelty-free, and endorsed by The Humane Society of the United States.
All packaging is made with BPA-free recyclable and reuable materials.
100% derived from plants or non-toxic synthetic sources, minimizing water waste.
Each purchase funds The Great Barrier Reef Foundation.
Site: jillturnbull.com/collections
Elate Cosmetics: From packaging to ingredients, sustainability is the priority. Uses bamboo, glass, aluminum, and seed paper.
Certified by Leaping Bunny, "Packaging is about 75% waste-free... ingredients are around 75% organic and 100% vegan and cruelty free" (Lou Dartford, a UK-based makeup artist specializing in green makeup).
PETA certified vegan ad gluten free
Recyclable packaging with the option to buy refills.
Site: elatebeauty.com/
Take a quick quiz to create your own sustainable capsule: elatebeauty.com/pages/curate-your-capsule
Pacifica Beauty: Best budget and available in drugstore's makeup aisle. Uses 100% vegan and cruelty free formulas.
The Clean Makeup Kit is a good starter for consumers looking for sustainable products (four bestsellers at an affordable price).
Recycling will earn consumers reward points in the program.
Create return for the plastic packaging online, in return, the brand will email the consumer a prepaid shipping label.
Site: www.pacificabeauty.com/
Kjaer Weis: Luxury organic products which are refillable.
Ingredients are sustainably sourced and certified organic by two European certifications for COSMOS and CCPB.
Allows consumer to search up ingredient and see which product includes that ingredient.
Site: kjaerweis.com/
RMS Beauty: Almost all ingredients are certified organic in the United States.
Organic materials indicated by label.
No GMO ingredients.
Lightweight, buildable products that advocate for sustainability.
Site: www.rmsbeauty.com/
Juice Beauty: Certified vegan by the American Vegetarian Associate
(Difficult for companies to be certified vegan since still use materials like beeswax, pearl powder, or carmine)
Certified cruelty free by PETA and Leaping Bunny
Has USDA organic seal on products with 95% to 98% organic ingredients
Sustainable packaging and production
Aims to eliminate use of virgin plastic with around half of products in glass containers
Delivers vibrant color and illuminates skin
Site: juicebeauty.com/
Clean Faced Cosmetics: Completely plastic and waste free
Refillable metal tins that consumers ship back for a refill
Refill from eyeshadows to blushes, even mascaras that come in a glass vial with metal cap
Uses plant-based ingredients
Completely vegan
Only available online
Palm oil free
Packaging is biodegradable or reusable. Labels printed on recycled paper with eco-friendly ink
Site: cleanfacedcosmetics.com/
LYS Beauty: Best shade range and sustainable
Diversifies clean beauty industry
Uses nourishing ingredients like ashwagandha, avocado oil, hyaluronic acid, and turmeric.
Values products to stay under $30
Offers blush and bronzer for all skin tones
Formulas are cruelty free, vegan, and free of gluten, talc, fragrance, mineral oil, and SLS.
Uses FSC-certified folding cartons and packaging including glass and tubes using recycled materials
Site: www.sephora.com/brand/lys-beauty
W3LL People: EWG certified indicating that more than 35 of its products are certified by the Environmental Working Group for meeting non-toxic standards.
Uses plant powered ingredients
Aims to remove organic beeswax, pearl powder, and carmines to become 100% vegan
Boxes are printed on FSC-Certified paper
Researching how to incorporate corn, sugar, and post-recycled materials in containers
Site states which products are EWG certified
Site: www.ulta.com/brand/well-people
Axiology Beauty: Specializes in one product called "balmies"
Multi-use zero-waste crayons (for the lips and cheeks)
Uses recyclable paper as wrapping and a recyclable case
All-vegan ingredients that are PETA certified
Includes nourishing ingredients like plum seed oil, hemp seed oil, organic neem seed oil, and elderberry extract
Free of palm oil, alcohol, gluten, and fragrance
Consumers can buy individual, trio, or a pack.
Won the Byrdie Eco Beauty Award
Site: axiologybeauty.com/
Ilia Beauty: Uses a combination of natural and safe synthetics
If product uses fragrance, it is disclosed and derived from natural materials like ingredients from essential oils.
Transparent about ingredients
Does use phenoxyethanol (preservative) which is considered safe, some may be sensitive though.
Sustainable packaging including recycled aluminum, glass components, and recycled paper.
Free recycling program where any brand waste can be sent to recycle
Majority of products made in the United States so decreases carbon footprint
100% cruelty free
Vegan items are labelled since not 100% vegan
Site: iliabeauty.com/
Antonym: Leaping Bunny certified cruelty free and vegan
ECOCERT-certified organic and eco-friendly makeup
Palm-oil free
Free of parabens, sulfates, phthalates, synthetic oils, artificial fragrance, GMOs, petrochemicals, fillers, mineral oils, and preservatives
Cosmetics contain 99% natural ingredients, 11% of which are certified organic
Uses palm oil
Sustainable packaging including bamboo compacts or glass bottles. Outer packaging is recycled or FSC-certified paper
Donates products to charity
Site: www.antonymcosmetics.com/
trestique: free of harsh chemicals, toxic ingredients, and synthetic fragrances
Refillable cosmetic system and products are 2-in-1 multi-use
All products surpass US and EU safe ingredients guidelines
Free of parabens, phthalates, PEGs, BHA, gluten, mineral oil, sulfates, or formaldehyde.
Cruelty-free, vegan, and PETA certified
87% recycled packaging is certified carbon neutral by CarbonFund (still delivered in plastic, so this is not a zero-waste brand)
Outer packaging is recyclable, FSC-certified kraft paper printed with soy ink
Site: www.trestique.com/
100% Pure: Vegan, cruelty free, and natural cosmetics
Vegan makeup brushes (made from recycled PBT plastic bottles)
Free from nanoparticles or synthetic colors
If consumer participates in in-store recycling, they will receive a free trial sized product
Confirmed ethical sourcing around ingredients like mica
Most products made in USA (decreases carbon footprint)
Ships in recyclable materials with compostable cornstarch packing peanuts
Aims to become climate positive and for 75% of packaging to be free of petrochemicals
The head office is 100% solar powered
Site: www.100percentpure.com/
Dab Herb: Palm oil free and eco-friendly makeup
Zero waste skin care products (packaging includes glass or tin containers and have cheaper refill options)
Certified organic, cruelty free, and vegan ingredients
Ethically sourced including ingredients like mica
Reuse own supplier's shipping materials for larger orders
Supports Made in the Free World and helps find solutions to human traffickers and provide care for victims
Site: www.dabhms.com/
Plant Makeup: Natural sustainable makeup
100% natural and mostly plant derived
Free of minerals, carmine coloration, nanoparticles, palm oil, synthetics, parabens, gluten, or preservatives
Cruelty free, non-GMO, and mostly vegan (some contain organic USA-sourced beeswax or honey)
Can choose between glass pot products and compostable cardboard tube containers
Packaging is recyclable and compostable materials
Site: plantmakeup.com/
Billion Dollar Beauty: Cheap sustainable makeup
Made from 30% post-consumer recycled plastic and makeup pans sold separately (customizable)
Vegan, paraben-free, and cruelty free
Does contains synthetic ingredients, iron oxides, titanium dioxides, palm oil derivates
Some products in single-use, 30% PCR, plastic packaging
Affordable
Site: billiondollarbeauty.com/
Avoid Greenwashing:
The brands above are just few of many eco-friendly brands. When shopping for green cosmetics, the steps below are encouraged to find the quality of a product:
Check for specific labels or statements indicating non-GMO, vegan, cruelty-free, etc. (claims made by company should include some statistic not just a broad statement)
Check website or label for certifications made by reputable organizations including Energy Star, USDA organic seal, PETA, Leaping Bunny, Green Seal.
A quick search to see if the brand has won any awards for their sustainability efforts
Check the ingredients (more information in the "Look out for" section and "Helpful Thinking" section)
Research the company using credible sites like bettergoods.org/ or www.freethebunnies.com/
Look out for:
One-use plastic packaging and unnecessary packaging that is not biodegradable like cardboard boxes or airless pumps
Toxic ingredients (predominant pollutants include benzophenone-3, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, octocrylene).
Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane: biodegradable but with an aquatic toxicity between 1 and 10 mg/L
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Aquatic toxcity of 1 mg/L and BCF > 500
Ethylhexyl salicylate: toxicity from 1 to 10 mg/L and BCF > 500
Octocrylene: bioaccumulative and not biodegradable
Troclosan: due to its hydrophobicity, it is persistent, bio accumulative, and highly toxic to aquatic ecosystems.
Sunscreen based cosmetics (not biodegradable, ecotoxicity is significant)
Ingredients like palm oil, mica, or other ingredients that can contribute to deforestation or be considered unsafe to work with (unless specifically stated by brand that it is sustainably and ethically sourced)
It is smart to consider looking at the ingredients before purchasing cosmetics. Any terms you are unfamiliar with can be researched with a quick search to see if any ingredient will be harmful to you or the environment.
What to do with product waste:
Wipe residue out instead of rinsing it since rinse-off products are transported to a sewage treatment plant, enter rivers, and contaminate bodies of water
If it cannot be emptied by wiping, throw it out in waste
Determine if packaging is recyclable (plastic bottles, glass jars, tin palettes)
Reach out to organizations that accept empty packaging like The Body Shop
Consider reusing if possible (tin packaging)
Helpful Thinking
Buy fewer and better-quality products so less go to waste (decrease personal waste by not splurging)
If you buy a product that goes unused, consider donating it to a charity or organization like Project Beauty Share
If the product contains preservatives, be sure it is biodegradable and has moderate to low toxicity (some examples include aldehydes, alcohols, parabens, and acids)
Look for packaging designed to reduce waste like “sqround bottles,” recyclable paper, bamboo derived packaging, or reusable containers.
If the price is an issue, programs like Perfectly Imperfect Program offers sustainable less than perfect products for discounted price.
The impact of deforestation is illustrated above and explained in the corresponding section.
L'Oreal
Blue Beauty Products
Elate Cosmetics
Pacifica Beauty
Kjaer Weis
RMS Beauty
Juice Beauty
Clean Faced Cosmetics
LYS Beauty
W3LL People
Axiology Beauty "Balmies"
Ilia Beauty
Antonym Cosmetics
trestique
100% Pure
Dab Herb Makeup & Skincare
Plant Makeup
Billion Dollar Beauty
Cosmetic Industry Impact on Aquatic Life
The cycle above illustrates raw materials going into cosmetic industries. The product waste is rinsed off (either through daily routine or intentionally "cleaned by the consumer). The waste enters sewage systems and the toxins bioaccumulate through aquatic life. These toxins can be transferred to humans if impacted aquatic life is consumed. Water pollution can also lead to water borne diseases for people using polluted bodies of water for drinking, beathing, washing, or irrigation. There amount of ecosystem services a body of water would provide decreases.
Animal Testing Impact on Environment
Each year, "115-127 million animals are subjected to animal testing" (Hope Organization). To start, to maintain animal testing, the amount of nourishment in food strains the agricultural system. After, many of these animals are later discarded and the waste strains the environment. Chemicals used in testing pollute bodies of water and/or fertile soil, decreasing the quality of soil, water, and air.
Deforestation Issue
Deforestation has become more and more of an issue. A source of deforestation includes crops grown to feed animals like ones included in animal testing. A lot of land is required to produce food for millions of animals, most land lost was once abundant with biodiversity.
To start, materials like palm oil are often farmed by unsustainable methods. This includes the large-scale devastation of tropical forests.
Furthermore, as deforestation causes loss of habitat for many biologically diverse ecosystems. Deforestation also increases greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming since forests are natural carbon sinks (stores carbon dioxide). Deforestation disrupts the water cycle since it decreases the process of evapotranspiration (water evaporating from leaves, land, and plant surfaces). This can lead to droughts. Deforestation also increases erosion due to the loss of roots which holds soil in place. This reduces the quality of soil and amount of water it can hold so the probability of floods happening increases.
Support What Matters
Issues such as deforestation and declining species result in high demands of products. Some might question why companies choose to produce products that cause such devastation. The purpose behind non-natural chemicals is to keep products fresher for longer so they can be sold for longer periods of time by extending shelf-life. The purpose behind one-use-packaging is that more packaging increases the lifespan of products. A product becoming eco-friendly also means being made from materials that may be harder to find. Natural ingredients, recyclable packaging, and short product shelf life is costly to companies. To combat short shelf life, some companies only sell their products via online which means additional shipping cost for customers. To decrease your footprint and buy products that help combat climate change and ensure safety regarding your health, support companies that advocate for sustainability and take care of your waste appropriately. These companies should select more sustainable raw materials for environment and test safety of products by assessing products to minimize impact on environment and increase sustainability. Toxicity tests should be performed according to exposure time, situation, and criteria of effects. By supporting what matters, a consumer will choose products that are not toxic to consumers and the environment. This will reduce their personal waste and decrease their carbon footprint.
Conclusion
As consumers become more educated on climate change, the impacts of their own actions can be considered into their daily routine. By supporting what matters and correctly disposing and reducing their personal waste, the carbon footprint of such a consumer will also decrease. As a consumer, finding impactful green products while still providing the desired quality may be difficult. Change is often avoided by many, however, sustainability in your routine is not a singular step but multiple small ones which includes compromises. Together we can slow the impact of global warming and help sustain our planet.
Citations:
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Picture Citations:
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