ES stands for Essential Standard. Here are the Geography ES's

ES1: Students will describe the significant forces that influence the physical environment, such as plate tectonics, erosion, climate, and natural disasters, and explain how the effects of physical processes vary across regions of the world. 

ES2: Students will investigate the effects of significant patterns of human movement that shape urban and rural environments over time, such as mass urbanization, immigration, and the movement of refugees.

Cultural Geography Topic Test

ES3: Students will identify and describe the essential defining characteristics and functions of culture. 

ES4: Students will identify how culture influences sense of place, point of view and perspective, and the relative value placed upon people and places.