Course Number: CMSC 172
Title: Robot Modeling
Description: Mathematical foundations of robotic motion; models and programs of anthropomorphic manipulators for soft automation; kinematic algorithms for simulation and control; computational methods for trajectory generation; basic modeling of surface robot movement.
Faculty-in-charge: Jaderick P. Pabico
Welcome to the Robot Modeling course site! This space serves as a curated repository of handouts that will guide us throughout the semester. It also showcases the creative and technical outputs of students from past offerings—projects that bring together mathematics, programming, and imagination to model how robots move and interact with the world.
In this course, we study the mathematical foundations of robotic motion, focusing on how anthropomorphic manipulators can be modeled, simulated, and controlled through computation. We explore the geometry of movement—coordinate transformations, kinematics, and trajectory generation—and translate these into computer programs that animate robotic motion for soft automation applications. Toward the end of the course, we extend our models from stationary manipulators to surface robots, taking our first steps into the world of mobile robotics.
Through this site, we aim to keep our learning organized, collaborative, and reflective of the ingenuity that defines our field. Whether you’re here to access course materials or to be inspired by the work of your peers, may this site remind us that behind every robot’s graceful motion lies the elegance of mathematics and the power of computation.
In this course, we explore how robots move and think mathematically. Together, we learn how to model the motions of anthropomorphic robotic arms—the kind that mimic how we humans reach, grasp, and manipulate objects. We study coordinate transformations, kinematics, and trajectories not as abstract equations, but as the language that lets us describe movement precisely and program it intelligently. Along the way, we translate these mathematical models into computer algorithms that bring robotic motion to life in soft automation systems. Toward the end of the course, we expand our view from stationary manipulators to surface robots that move across environments, giving us a first look at mobile robotics. By the time we finish, we will have gained both the mathematical insight and the computational skill to model, simulate, and control robots that act with purpose and precision.
By the end of this course, we will be able to:
Describe and visualize how robotic manipulators move by expressing their geometry and motion through mathematical models.
Translate these models into computer programs that simulate and control the movement of robotic arms for soft automation.
Apply and integrate kinematic principles—such as coordinate transformations and trajectory generation—to design purposeful robotic motion.
Extend our understanding from stationary manipulators to surface robots, gaining foundational insight into mobile robot movement and control.
This section maps out our journey through the Robot Modeling course. Each topic builds on the last as we learn how to describe, model, and program robotic motion. The clickable items in the outline link directly to their respective handouts, so feel free to explore, review past lessons, or preview what’s ahead as we move through the course. This set of handouts forms the current course pack for CMSC 172 (2nd Sem AY 2024-2025).
Links marked with an asterisk (*) lead to materials that are available only to members of the University community. To access these, please make sure you are connected to the University network or logged in with your official University account.
We begin by learning how robots “see” and “understand” space mathematically.
Describing Space
Introduction* — Why robot modeling matters; how robots “see” space mathematically
Configuration Space* — How we represent possible robot positions and movements
Transforming Perspectives
Matrix Manipulations* — Using matrices as the grammar of robot motion
Robot Specifications* — Understanding robot structure, joints, and degrees of freedom
Building the Robot’s Spatial Mind
Coordinate Frames* — Anchoring movement in reference systems
Fundamental Rotations* — Rotating around the world, one axis at a time
Here we model how robotic manipulators move—link by link, joint by joint—using pure mathematical precision.
Stacking Rotations and Frames
Composite Rotations* — Combining multiple rotations to describe complex motion
Homogeneous Transformation* & Composite Homogeneous Transformation*— Merging rotation and translation into one powerful tool
Mapping the Robot’s Skeleton
Link Coordinates* & D–H Algorithm* — Systematically describing each link and joint
The Arm Equation* — Deriving the forward kinematic model of the entire manipulator
Animating the Arm
Direct Kinematics of 4-Axis Adept One SCARA* — Computing where the end-effector goes
Inverse Kinematics of 4-Axis Adept One SCARA* — Figuring out how to make it get there
UPLB Soft-automation Robotics
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The resources listed here are copyrighted by the respective authors and/or the publishers.