Union Obrera Democratica (UOD) as the first established union federation in the Philippines

First type of labor union that stands to target systematic issues.

SMUs have different visions to improve labor rights.

“Welgang bayan” of Kilusang Mayo Uno

Internationally-recognized like Alliance of Progressive Labor

Tackle intersectional issues (gender and labor) by SENTRO

Take seats in political parties by Akbayan

1901: repression stage of unions

The Spanish Penal Code

Act No. 1868

Birth of mutual aid organizations

1945: Communist and non-Communist affiliations

Hukbalahap misconceptions

Marginalized Filipino trade unionists

Band-aid solutions of incentives, rather than sound labor direction.

Political elites and foreign-dominated policies weaken collective bargaining