Organoids
One of the most renowned examples of scaffold-based 3D culture is the development and use of organoids. Organoids represent a groundbreaking approach that seeks to emulate the structural, biological, and functional intricacies of natural organs in vitro. These remarkable miniaturized organ models are not only self-organizing but also self-renewing, allowing them to mimic the dynamic processes of organ development, maintenance, and repair. Organoids are grown within a scaffold or extracellular matrix that provides a three-dimensional framework for their growth.
PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
Published protocols on organoid generation can be applied to resection and/or biopsy of normal and cancerous breast tissues.
NOTE: For the use of human and animal materials, approval of relevant institutional regulatory bodies is required. For human materials, informed consent should be obtained from all donors.
Publications:
Long-term culture, genetic manipulation and xenotransplantation of human normal and breast cancer organoids (2021). Dekkers JF, van Vliet EJ, Sachs N, Rosenbluth JM, Kopper O, Rebel HG, Wehrens EJ, Piani C, Visvader JE, Verissimo CS et al. Nature Protocols 16 1936. (doi:10.1038/S41596-020-00474-1)
A Living Biobank of Breast Cancer Organoids Captures Disease Heterogeneity (2018). Sachs N, de Ligt J, Kopper O, Gogola E, Bounova G, Weeber F, Balgobind AV, Wind K, Gracanin A, Begthel H et al. Cell 172 373-386.e10. (doi:10.1016/J.CELL.2017.11.010)
Establishment and Morphological Characterization of Patient-Derived Organoids from Breast Cancer (2019). Mazzucchelli S, Piccotti F, Allevi R, Truffi M, Sorrentino L, Russo L, Agozzino M, Signati L, Bonizzi A, Villani L et al. Biological Procedures Online 21 1–13. (doi:10.1186/S12575-019-0099-8/TABLES/3)
Organoids from patient biopsy samples can predict the response of BC patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2022). Shu D, Shen M, Li K, Han X, Li H, Tan Z, Wang Y, Peng Y, Tang Z, Qu C et al. Annals of Medicine 54 2581. (doi:10.1080/07853890.2022.2122550)
Patient‐Derived Organoids Can Guide Personalized‐Therapies for Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer (2021). Chen P, Zhang X, Ding R, Yang L, Lyu X, Zeng J, Lei JH, Wang L, Bi J, Shao N et al. Advanced Science 8. (doi:10.1002/ADVS.202101176)
A human breast cancer-derived xenograft and organoid platform for drug discovery and precision oncology (2022).Guillen, K. P., Fujita, M., Butterfield, A. J., Scherer, S. D., Bailey, M. H., Chu, Z., DeRose, Y. S., Zhao, L., Cortes-Sanchez, E., Yang, C. H., Toner, J., Wang, G., Qiao, Y., Huang, X., Greenland, J. A., Vahrenkamp, J. M., Lum, D. H., Factor, R. E., Nelson, E. W., … Welm, A. L. Nature Cancer, 3(2), 232–250. https://doi.org/10.1038/S43018-022-00337-6
Breast cancer PDxO cultures for drug discovery and functional precision oncology (2023) Scherer, S. D., Zhao, L., Butterfield, A. J., Yang, C. H., Cortes-Sanchez, E., Guillen, K. P., Welm, B. E., & Welm, A. L. STAR Protocols, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.XPRO.2023.102402
Expected Result
Representative photos of breast cancer-derived organoids grown in basement membrane extract. Phase contrast photos were taken under an inverted microscope with 4x (left) and 10x (right) magnification. Photo c/o Allen Joy Corachea, Science Research Specialist, Regen Lab.