Linguistic Resources and Tools for the Study of Ancient Indo-European Languages

This page has been created by Chiara Zanchi (University of Pavia), in cooperation with  Erica Biagetti (University of Pavia) and Guglielmo Inglese (KU Leuven). It aims to facilitate the work of students and researchers interested in the study of ancient Indo-European languages.

We have collected and made available here a number of links to the main linguistic resources and tools for the study of ancient Indo-European languages. 

We are trying to keep the list up to date. All suggestions are most welcome!

We are grateful to Giovanni B. Boccardo, Martina Giarda, David M. Karaj, Elisa Roma and Matteo Tarsi for helping with specific Indo-European groups and subgroups.

Grammars, dictionaries, electronic texts, annotated corpora, and treebanks

• AGLDT (Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank); online queries available via Structural Search

• Alpheios Application: dictionary and morphological analyzer linked to the Perseus Library (see below); downloadable as a browser extension; by clicking on the desired word, one can get its translation and morphological analysis 

• AWOL - The Ancient World Online: glottothèque

• CLARIN (Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure); available non-contemporary IE languages: Medieval Gree, Dutch, English, American English, German, Middle High German, Middle Low German, Old Norse, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Swedish, Old French, Slovene

• Danish portal for Slavonic, Balkan and East European Studies

• Early Indo-European Online Lessons, Indo-European Lexicon, campione di testi digitalizzati e taggati per la morfologia (The University of Texas Austin) 

• Glottothèque (on-line courses with videos and slides of old IE languages) 

• Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW) by Julius Pokorny

• ISWOC Corpus (Information structure and word order change in Germanic and Romance languages)

• Perseus Project (digitalized texts of Ancient Greek, Latin, Old Norse and Old English); new web interface: Perseus 5.0

• PROIEL (Pragmatic Resources of Old Indo-European Languages): GitHub repository; web application; new web application: Syntacticus

• TITUS (Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien) 

• Universal Dependencies; old IE languages available: Old French, Gothic, Ancient Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, Old Church Slavic

• Webpage with additional useful links

Resources and tools for the study of specific groups and subgroups

Latin

• ALIM2 (Archivio della Latinità Italiana nel Medioevo)

• CIL (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum) 

• CIL @ EAGLE

• CLaSSES (Corpus containing non-literary Latin texts - e.g. letters, epigraphs, etc. - annotated with linguistic and extralinguistic metadata; e.g. it allows studying ortographic variants taking into account the sociolinguistic environment of the Roman world)

• Corpus Corporum

• DigilibLT (Biblioteca digitale di testi latini tardoantichi)

• DLL (Digital Latin Library) 

• Frankfurt Latin Lexicon (Computational Historical Semantics): lexicon of Medieval Latin

• IT-TB and linked linguistic resources: IT-Valency Lexicon, LDT = Latin Dependency Treebank), VALLEX (Valency Lexicon for Latin)

• LASLA - Laboratoire d’analyse statistique des langues anciennes (Université de Liège)

• Latin WordNet

• LemLat 3.0 and WFR (Word Formation Latin)

• LiLa: Linking Latin

• ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (online dictionary of Greek and Latin)

• Musisque Deoque (poetic corpus of Latin and Italian until the Reinassance)

• PHI Latin Texts

• REGLA (Rección y complementación en griego y latín: database with verbs and valency frames)

• Synthia

• The Digital Latin Library (it collects Latin texts available online to ease their query; texts in different formats)

• The Lewis-Short Dictionary

• TLL (Thesaurus Linguae Latinae)

Romance Languages

Old Italian

• CODIT

• GDLI (Grande Dizionario della Lingua Italiana)

• Lessico della Crusca in rete

• MIDIA (Morfologia Italiana in DIAcronia)

• Musisque Deoque (poetic corpus of Latin and Italian until the Reinassance)

• Nuovo De Mauro (focused on contemporary Italian; it nevertheless gives dates for all first attestations)

• Corpus OVI (Opera del Vocabolario Italiano)

• TLIO (Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini) 

• Tommaseo-Bellini

• Vocabolario Dantesco

Old Portoguese

• Tycho Brahe Parsed Corpus of Historical Portuguese (1380 and 1881) 

Old French

• DEAF (Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français)

• Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch 

• Modéliser le changement: les voies du français (Ottawa)  

• TLFi (Trésor de la langue française informatisé)

Ancient Greek

• Chicago Homer

• DĀMOS (Database of Mycenaean at Oslo University)

• DFHG (Digital Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum)

• EAGLE (Electronic Archive of Greek and Latin Epigraphy)

• Greek Ancient and Modern (A resource for teaching and study of the Greek language in all its phases)

• HoDeL (Homeric Dependency Lexicon) 

• LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones Dictionary)

• ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (online dictionary of Greek and Latin)

• REGLA (Rección y complementación en griego y latín: database with verbs and valency frames)

• TLG (Thesaurus Linguae Graecae)

• Unicode Classical Greek Inputter2

Sanskrit

• Morphological Analyzer

• Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries

• Digital Corpus of Sanskrit

• GRETIL (Göttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages)

• Lists of lexical resources, digitalized texts, and tools, developed at the School of Sanskrit and Indic Studies (New Dehli)

• Sanskrit BabelNet

• The Sanskrit Heritage

• The Sanskrit Library (digital texts and various tools)

• VedaWeb

• Paippalāda Recension of the Atharvaveda - Digital Edition 

Avestan, Old and Middle Persian

• Corpus Avesticum Berolinense

• Primers for young and old Avestan 

• Zoroastrian Middle Persian Digital Corpus and Dictionary (MPCD)

Hittite and Anatolian

• Annotated Corpus of Hittite clauses

• Hittite texts (University of Leiden)

• HPM (Hethitologie Portal Mainz)

• Luwian corpus

• SLUW (A Computer-Aided Study of the Luwian (Morpho)-Syntax)

Germanic

• Anglo-Norman Dictionary 

• Annotated corpora of Middle English and Early Modern English (Penn University)

• Älvdalsk Ordbok

• Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary

• Danske Runeindskrifter

• Dictionary of Old English (DOE) 

• DWDS-Wörterbuch (Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen)

• Etymologienbank.nl

• Fornsvensk lexikalisk databas

• Gammeldansk Ordbog

• Gothic dictionary

• Historische Woordenboeken (Instituut voor de Nederlandse taal) 

• IcePaHC (Icelandic Parsed Historical Corpus) 

• ONP: Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog)

• Samnordisk Runtextdatabas 

• Svensk etymologisk ordbog

• Taalweb Frysk 

• Wulfila Project

Baltoslavic

• A Database of the Old Prussian Linguistic Legacy

• Collection of downloadable pdfs, including grammars and dictionaries (mostly in Russian) 

• Corpus Cyrillo-Methodianum Helsingiense (CCMH)

• Digitalized version of some Old Russian manuscripts from 15th century (mostly in Russian)

• SLIEKKAS 

• The World Wide Web portal for the study of Cyrillic and Glagolitic manuscripts and early printed books

• Transliteration tool 

• TOROT (Tromsø Old Russian and OCS Treebank) 

• University of Illinois Database

Tocharian

• CEToM (A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts) 

• The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online

Old Irish and Celtic

• A Dictionary of the Old-Irish Glosses (Milan Glosses)

• CODECS (Online database and e-resources for Celtic studies) 

• Corpus of Electronic Texts for Irish history, literature and politics 

• Corpus PalaeoHibernicum (soon available online)

• DipSGG (UD treebank of the Old Irish Glosses of St. Gall)

• eDIL (Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language)

• Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (A Dictionary of the Welsh Language) 

• Irish Script on Screen  

• Lexicon Leponticum

• Ogam in 3D  

• Parsed Old and Middle Irish corpus  

• St Gall Priscian Glosses v2.0

• Thesaurus Linguae Hibernicae (the link is currently not working)

• The Online Database of the Old Irish Priscian Glosses