Published in 2002, Stephen King's Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control focuses on the history of reggae and ska music and how it influenced the political and religious Rastafarian movement of Jamaica.
Summary by Section
This book focuses on some important key themes regarding the theory of written communication, especially that of embodiment (also known as embodied cognition) which is the idea that a person’s physical experiences or characteristics influence their understanding of and relationship with the world.
The book itself analyzes the music of Jamaica, and how it was used to create political leverage for the Rastafarian movement. Since it first began to become popularized in the small towns of Jamaica, reggae music was inspirational to many people who lacked in either money or social status. This is due to the fact that the genre is known for its liberating themes, such as universal peace and love.
The Rastafarian movement, which begun in the 1930s, changed the lives of many people, by protesting racial equality in an artistic way. It also attracted involvement from many religious groups around the world, including Christianity, mysticism, and other African groups. Jamaica was still a new nation during this time, and was facing much economic hardship. Rastafarians, therefore, became the resistance, beginning what we know as the Rastafarian movement.
Later in the book, Stephen King shifts the focus more on to “black power,” and how the Rastafarian movement influenced it.
By definition, "black power" was a call for people with dark skin to overthrow the capitalist system that gave whites more social power, and to try to regain some of their lifestyle as blacks.
Reggae and ska music was one of the main ways that Jamaicans protested their rights, with both the lyrics, and the speed of the music, considering ska was quite a bit faster than other genres that were popular at the time.
The theme of peaceful protest through music is especially prominent during this section of the book, and Stephen King does a great job explaining the connections that politics and religion later had on this musical movement, especially through the way biblical themes started making their way into the songs.
The Jamaican Labor Party (JLP) is a large part of the final section of the book, which describes the political party that went in opposition with the People's National Party (PNP), ran by Prime Minister Manley. In his campaign, Manley focused on appealing to Rastafarians and the Black Power Movement in Jamaica. He especially used the religious aspect of the Rastafarians and their cry for freedom, even adopting a biblical name.
However, after his election, the Rastafarian movement was denounced, many viewing it as a dangerous "cult" that was detrimental to society.
But even after all of the backlash and controversial waves that the Rastafarian Movement has gone through, it is an important of history that shows how powerful music can be in society, especially regarding politics, since the personal is political. Anything you say or do, as well as the music you make, will influence society, whether you want it to or not, and this book is an excellent example of that, and is a large recurring theme.
All in all, this book shows that the understanding that value is not based on social constructs, but rather is something that is inherent, because we are all interconnected human beings, who should not be isolated.