EPISODE #4:
Closing the Gate
Closing the Gate
This episode features the lives of Carmelita Torres and Aurora Mardiganian, who came to the United States in the early twentieth century. Carmelita Torres, a Mexican woman, was jailed as a result of her protest against dehumanizing and humiliating practices of inspection at the US-Mexico border. Aurora Mardiganian arrived in the United States as an Armenian refugee. Their stories show what it was like for immigrant women to come to the United States at a time when the federal government developed increasingly restrictive immigration policies.
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“Women Force Anti-American Riot in Juarez,” Detroit Free Press, 28 January 1917. Women, including Carmelita's, role in the Bath Riots.
"Side view of disinfecting plant and yard." El Paso, TX, US Public Health Service, 1917.
"Baths on women's side of plant, looking from undressing room." El Paso, TX, US Public Health Service, 1917.
Portrait of Aurora Mardiganian. Photograph by Arthur F. Rice at Campbell Studio, ca. 1919.
Still from the film, "Ravished Armenia," (also known as "Auction of Souls"), 1919.