Gas Chromatography (GC)

Gas chromatography is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. Typical uses of GC include testing the purity of a particular substance, or separating the different components of a mixture

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Centrifuge Sigma 3

Centrifugation is a process for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures of substances (suspensions, emulsions, or gas mixtures) into their components. The mixture of substances, which rotates on a circular path, is subject to centripetal acceleration that is several times greater than the gravitational acceleration. Centrifuges use the mass inertia inside the rotor chamber for separating the substances. Due to their higher inertia, particles or media with a higher density travel outwards. In doing so, they displace the components with a lower density, which in turn travel towards the centre. The centripetal acceleration of an object inside a centrifuge, as the effect of centripetal force, depends on the distance between the object and the axis of rotation as well as on the angular velocity. It increases linearly as a function of the distance with regard to the axis of rotation and quadratically as a function of the angular velocity. The bigger the radius in the rotor chamber is and the higher the speed is, the higher the centripetal acceleration is. However, the forces acting on the rotor also increase.

UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

In UV-Vis, a beam with a wavelength varying between 180 and 1100 nm passes through a solution in a cuvette. … The amount of light that is absorbed by the solution depends on the concentration, the path length of the light through the cuvette and how well the analyte the light absorbs at a certain wavelength.

Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA-MS)