Resources by Country

The links in this section are divided along country lines. Granted, this is not the most helpful index if one is looking for something very specific. Most listings are often organised by subjects. This can be challenging as most archives contain many different materials that are related to different subjects. By organising the resources along country line, the listing here maps out the geographic expanse of where archival sources related to the Malay World can be found. What it suggests is that historical materials on the Malay world exist in many different languages and this means that in future we are required to envision a more collaborative approach to doing research.

Singapore

Many would find NewspaperSG indispensable for your research, but don’t forget to trawl through National Archive Singapore’s extensive collection of Audiovisual and Sound Recording and Oral History Interviews. The map collection is also quite extensive, although the resolution is not always ideal for close study. The Citizen Archivists Project is particularly useful if you cannot wait for new materials that are being processed at the moment to be uploaded online in their main database (such as Chinese lyric sheets or Malay Jawi artciles), here if you check regularly, you are able to find new materials collected by the National Archive Singapore.

The National Library’s BookSG is an important repository of classical Malay texts and colonial scholarship on the Malay world, alongside selected gems such as Meiji and interwar Japanese publications on the Malay World, late 19^th and early 20^th century Chinese printed books in Nanyang, and a small selection of Tamil Muslim devotional publications from the late 19^th century. NUS Library houses a really extensive collection of late 19^th – early 20^th century Chinese newspapers of Penang and Singapore. RootsSG holds the national collection of Singapore, it’s a comprehensive repository encompassing photographs, artefacts, paintings, prints, textiles, and various types of objects.

OneSearch is designed as a one-stop search engines for research materials housed in Singapore. It claims to be comprehensive, but not all materials will appear in the searches, therefore it is still worth double checking by running searches on different sites. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Instiitute holds the archive of the Nalanda Sri Wijaya Centre Working Papers, it’s a fantastic e-publication of research-in-progress containing many valuable new research with ideas that haven’t always gained currency in popular discourse.

NewspaperSG (http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/)
BookSG (http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/)
PictureSG (https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/pictures)
HistorySG (http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history)
MusicSG (https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/music/)
Singapore Infopedia (https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/)

NLB Resource Guides (Streets of Singapore, Historic Chinese Literary/Education/Mercantile/Artistic Personalities, Primary Accounts of Singapore, Angkor Wat, Singapore English/Malay/Chinese/Tamil Literature Bibliography, Cold War, Music 101, Modern Art)(www.nlb.gov.sg/resourceguides/)
A sense of History: A Select Bibliography on the History of Singapore (http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/bib/sh/)
Onesearch (https://search.nlb.gov.sg/)

National Archives Singapore (http://www.nas.gov.sg/)
Straits Settlements and Overseas Records (https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/private_records/)
NAS Photos (https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/)
NAS Maps and Building Plans (https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/maps_building_plans/)
Audiovisual and Sound Recordings: Music (http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/audiovisual_records/genre?gc=12)
Singapore Oral History Interviews (http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/oral_history_interviews/)
The Citizen Archivist Project (https://www.nas.gov.sg/citizenarchivist/)
National Archives Singapore Photograph (http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/)

NUS Library Special Collection (pre-war Singapore Chinese Newspaper, Penang Sin Poe, Japanese Publications on Southeast Asia) (https://libportal.nus.edu.sg/frontend/web/resources/library-initiatives/digitized-collections)
东南亚华人历史文献 Southeast Asia Chinese Historical Documents (https://libportal.nus.edu.sg/frontend/ms/sea-chinese-historical-doc/about-sea-chinese-historical-doc)
Documents on Chinese Education (https://libportal.nus.edu.sg/frontend/ms/sea-chinese-historical-doc/main-contents/straits/sg/ch-education)
NUS Library Digital Gems (Pioneer Architects, Biodiversity literature, Historical Texts and Maps, European Accounts, Nanyang) (https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/collection)
NUS Library Pre-war Japanese Publications on Southeast Asia (https://libportal.nus.edu.sg/frontend/ms/chinese-library/japanese-resources/digitised-collections)
NUS Library Southeast Asia Historical Documents (https://libportal.nus.edu.sg/frontend/ms/sea-chinese-historical-doc/about-sea-chinese-historical-doc)
NUS Library Chinese Clans in Singapore (https://libportal.nus.edu.sg/frontend/ms/sea-chinese-historical-doc/about-sea-chinese-historical-doc)
NUS Library Singapore Places of Worship (https://libportal.nus.edu.sg/frontend/ms/sg-places-worship/about-sg-places-worship)
NUS Scholarbank (https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/)
Resource Guide - Singapore Primary Sources (https://libguides.nus.edu.sg/c.php?g=145666&p=955767)
NUS Library Academic Exercises, Theses, and Dissertations by students from Department of Chinese Studies (http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/chineselocaltheses)
NUS Department of Geography, Historical Maps of Singapore (https://libmaps.nus.edu.sg/)
Singapore Historical GIS (http://shgis.nus.edu.sg/)
Singapore Biographical Database (http://sbdb.nus.edu.sg/)

Roots.sg (https://roots.sg/)[N1]
ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute Nalanda Sri Wijaya Centre Working Papers (https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/nsc-working-papers)
NTU Theses Repository (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/cris/explore/theses)

Singapura Stories (https://singapurastories.com/)[N2]
SG Film Locations Archive (https://sgfilmlocations.com)
Singapore on Film (https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/video-on-demand/singapore-on-film)
Singapore Chinese Temples新加坡廟宇 (http://www.beokeng.com/start.php)
Singapore HistoryWorkshop 五丛树下 (https://singaporehistoryworkshop.wordpress.com)[N3]

[N1] A digital repository on the national collection of Singapore - a truly expansive repository that includes textiles, paintings, field notes, sketches, objects, prints, and photographs.
[N2] Meticulously researched blog focusing on Singapore history within a larger Malay World context – place names, social history of Indonesian, Malay, Indian Muslim and Arab people in Singapore, archival document showcase and meaningful discussions on the politics of urban space.
[N3] A blog with insightful discussions on Chinese terminologies and sources related to Singapore history.

Malaysia

Perpustakaan Negara e-repositori (https://myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/)[N1]
Koleksi Jabatan Muzium Malaysia (http://ipim.jmm.gov.my/muzium/senarai-pemetaan-koleksi)
Pustaka Sarawak (https://www.pustaka-sarawak.com/)
Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Pulau Pinang – Fatwa (http://mufti.penang.gov.my/index.php/en/2014-11-12-02-48-39/fatwa[N2] )
Balai Seni Lukis Negara Old Catalogues (https://issuu.com/balaisenivisualnegara)

UMMEMORY(http://ummemory.um.edu.my/ummemory/exhibits)
UM Common Repository (http://commonrepo.um.edu.my/view/subjects/)
Universiti Sains Malaysia Repository (http://eprints.usm.my/)
USM Library Malaysiana & Archives Division Indezx (https://malaysianaarchivesphs.wordpress.com)

Visions of Penang (http://www.visionsofpenang.com.my)
Ipoh World Database/Archive (https://db.ipohworld.org)
Pusat Sejarah Rakyat (https://pusatsejarahrakyat.org/digital-archives/)[N3]
Malaysia Design Archive (https://www.malaysiadesignarchive.org/)
有你UNI – video documentaries on crafts and trades (https://uni.gallery)[N4]

Centre for Malaysian Chinese Studies CMSC (http://www.malaysian-chinese.net/)
CMSC’s David Chen Electronic Library 陳充恩電子圖書館 (https://davidchenlib.org/)
Victoria Institution, KL (http://www.viweb.school/vihome.htm)
Anglo-Chinese School Ipoh Archive (https://acsipohalumni.wordpress.com/our-school-ties/the-voyager-1926-present/)
Kuala Lumpur Public Works Department Engineer AB Hubback Archive (https://www.abhubback.com/)
Hindu Temples in Malaysia Listing (http://www.malaysiantemples.com/)
Economic History Malaya (https://www.ehm.my/home[N4] )[N5]
Map and history of photo studios in Malaysia and Singapore (https://bit.ly/myphotostudios)

[N1] The online repository of Malay manuscripts contains a good selection of second-grade manuscripts which provides a better representative view of Malay manuscript culture than collections of high-value manuscripts. None of the valuable collection in the library’s care is fully digitised and shared publicly as yet. Genres with a wide selection include religious tracts/manuals, literary tales (syair/hikayat) and Malay magic/healing (Al-Tibb) grammar books. A selection of 19^th century books are also available, but the downloadable files tend to be 10-page previews, even when the same book could be downloaded from BookSG.
[N2] Contains fatwa records dating back to the 1960s, that would make references to historical incidents and precedences dating back to the colonial period.
[N3] Focuses on the collation, classification and preservation of records – written, oral and visual – of personalities, groups and communities, events and struggles, particularly those which have not been recorded, or which have been neglected, sidetracked or vilified in the official historiography.
[N4] An admirable endeavour to document vanishing crafts and trades across Malaysia. – many of which were once part of the vibrant colonial economy. The documentaries are structured as profiles, each short video spotlights a personality who continues to practice the craft or trade. Many profiles feature women entrepreneurs. Though it has a strong focus on industries connected to the Chinese community, there are also a good selection of non-Chinese profiles. Interviews are mostly conducted in languages/dialects that the interviewee is most comfortable speaking in, resulting in a rich gallery for character study. Unfortunately, not all documentaries have translated subtitles.
[N5] Provides accessible short essays on various topics connected to the economic history of Malaya focusing on the period of British rule from 1900-1939, the website also shares an extensive list of statistics on historical GDP accounts and population numbers of that period.

Indonesia

Perpustakaan Nasional (http://e-resources.perpusnas.go.id/)
Online Public Access Catalog Perpustakaan Nasional RI (use .zip in search) (http://opac.perpusnas.go.id/)
Perpustakaan Nasional RI – Khastara - Khasanah Pustaka Nusantara (http://khastara.perpusnas.go.id)[N1]
Perspustakaan Nasional Manuscript Collection (https://www.perpusnas.go.id/collections.php?lang=en&id=Manuscript)
Batavia Digital Perpunas (https://bataviadigital.perpusnas.go.id/home/)
Indonesia OneSearch by Perpunas (https://onesearch.id)

[N1] Contains various catalogues of the National Library’s Holdings, a diverse collection of Indonesian manuscripts, and small selection of newspapers and maps. Also contains historical photos dated to the Indpenendence period

Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (https://anri.go.id)
Sejarah Nusantara (https://sejarah-nusantara.anri.go.id)
Jaringan Informasi Kearsipan Indonesia (https://jikn.go.id)
Repositori KEMENDIKBUD – Institusi Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/)
Budaya Indonesia, Inisiatif Budaya Kepulauan Indonesia (https://budaya-indonesia.org)
Koleksi Langka Perpustakaan UGM (http://langka.lib.ugm.ac.id/)

ANTARA (https://www.antarafoto.com/)
DREAMSEA, Digital Repository of Endangered and Affected Manuscripts in Southeast Asia (https://dreamsea.co)[N2]
Pangkalan data mushaf Al-Qur’an di Asia Tenggara (Database of Southeast Asian Mushaf)(https://seamushaf.kemenag.go.id/)[N3]
Indonesian Film Centre (https://www.indonesianfilmcenter.com/filmarchive)
Indonesia Visual Art Archive (http://archive.ivaa-online.org/)
Institut Sejarah Sosial Indonesia (https://sejarahsosial.org/)
Koleksi Museum Taman Siswa Dewantara Kirti Griya (https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Koleksi:Museum_Tamansiswa_Dewantara_Kirti_Griya/Semua)
The Indo Project (https://theindoproject.org/)
Alkitab [Bible translated into the Languages of the Malay Archipelago] (https://alkitab.mobi/)
Newspapers scanned from Minangkabau Culture Documentation and Information Center (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scanned_from_Minangkabau_Culture_Documentation_and_Information_Center)
Majalah Horison 1966-1990 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Majalah_Horison)

[N2] DREAMSEA preserves nusantara manuscripts by digitising them. The program digitises manuscript collections by going directly into the field and by photographing the manuscripts on the spot where owners keep and preserve their collections. Since December 2017, DREAMSEA has digitised 129,478 pages from 2,170 manuscripts of 56 collections in Southeast Asia. The images have a high resolution and put online in cooperation with the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library in Minnesota, USA. Supported by the Arcadia Foundation in the United Kingdom, the program is run by the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) of the Syarif Hidayatulah State Islamic University in Jakarta and the Center for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC) of the University of Hamburg.
[N3] The database consists of Southeast Asian Al-Qu'ran and religious commentaries in the form of manuscripts, printed text and braille. The repository is managed by Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an Badan Litbang and Diklat Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia.

Jantung Melayu (https://jantungmelayu.com)
Serba Sejarah (https://serbasejarah.wordpress.com/)
Agoeng Go(yim) Library (https://goyimstrikeback.wordpress.com/)
Pustaka Teungku Dhani Iqbal (https://tengkudhaniiqbal.wordpress.com/pustaka/)
Kalam Kopi Ebook dan Jurnal Daring (https://kalamkopi.wordpress.com/e-book-dan-jurnal-daring/)
Djoko Luknanto’s Indonesia Tempoe Doeloe (http://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/itd/)
Djoko Luknanto’s Koleksi citra dan naskah Candi (http://luk.tsipil.ugm.ac.id/Borobudur/index.html)

the Philippines

Tekno-Aklotan (http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/home.htm)(http://nationalarchives.gov.ph)
Miguel de Benavides Library and Archives Digital Collection, University Santo Tomas (http://digilib.ust.edu.ph/)
Katipunan Documents and Studies (https://sites.google.com/site/katipunandocumentsandstudies/)
Filipina Heritage Library Online Collection (https://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/online-library/)
Asian Center Resources, University of the Philippines (https://ac.upd.edu.ph/index.php/resources)
Pupuplatter (https://pupuplatter.tumblr.com/)[N1]
The Philippines Archive Collection, Philippine Veterans Affair Office (http://collections.pvao.mil.ph)[N2]
National Museum of the Philippines (http://nationalmuseum.gov.ph/index.html)[N3]
Lumad Mindanao Book (http://nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/img/Lumad%20Mindanao%20(NMP,%202020).pdf)
National Memory Project (https://nqc.gov.ph/en/memory-project/)[N4]

[N1] Expansive visual resource on the arts and visual culture of the Philippines spanning the colonial to the modern period.
[N2] The Philippine Archives Collection is a group of records that constitutes an invaluable source of information on the Pacific war, particularly concerning the treatment of prisoners of war (POWs); military operations in the Philippines, 1941-1942; guerrilla warfare in the Philippines; and conditions in the Philippines under Japanese occupation.
{N3] The museum has started making available its publications online.
[N4] National Memory Project aims to make the library and museum collections’ catalog of the NHCP available online. It will expand to include the catalogs of various government and private libraries, archives, museums, and research centers.

United Kingdom

British Library Digital Collections (https://www.bl.uk/catalogues-and-collections/digital-collections)
British Library Digital access to Malay and Indonesian manuscripts (https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/malay.html)
British Library South Asia [including India office] (https://www.bl.uk/subjects/south-asia)
British Library Collection Guides Maritime Southeast Asia (https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/maritime-southeast-asia)
India Office Records (https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/india-office-records)
British Library Endangered Archives Project (https://eap.bl.uk/search/site )
British Lbrary Yogyakarta Digitisation Project (https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/javanese.html)
British Library Digital Collections of Maps (https://www.bl.uk/catalogues-and-collections/digital-collections）

The National Archives (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/)
Asia through a lens (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/asia/; https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalarchives/albums)
Colonial Film (http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk)

Wellcome Collection (https://wellcomecollection.org/works)
Imperial War Museum Collections Online (https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections)
British Empire and Commonwealth Collection (http://museums.bristol.gov.uk/narratives.php?irn=8786)
V&A Collections (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/)
Royal Collection Trust (https://www.rct.uk/collection/)
British Museum (https://britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx)
ArtUK (https://artuk.org/)
Natural History Museum (https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/collections.html)
Ashmolean Museum (https://www.ashmolean.org/collections-online)
National Army Museum (https://collection.nam.ac.uk)
Royal Museums Greenwich (https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections.html)
Masonic Periodicals Online – Museum of Freemasonry (https://masonicperiodicals.org/)

SOAS, University of London (https://digital.soas.ac.uk/)
Cambridge Digital Library (https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/)
Voices of Civilian Internment – Cambridge University Library (https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/civilianinternment/1)
Historical Photographs of China, University of Bristol (https://www.hpcbristol.net/)
Chinese Maritime Customs project 中国海关近代史研究項目, University of Bristol (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/history/customs/)

Mundus Index for Missionary Collection (http://www.mundus.ac.uk/)
RIBA Architecture Image Library (https://www.architecture.com/image-library/ribapix.html)
Hakluyt Society (https://www.hakluyt.com/ ; https://hakluytsociety.wordpress.com/)
Royal Botanical Gardens Kew – Collections Catalogue (https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/data-and-digital/collections-catalogues)

Brooke Archives, Brooke Heritage Trust (http://archive.brooketrust.org/DA/)[N1]
Hong Kong History Project, University of Bristol (https://www.hkhistory.net/)
Families in British India Society Newspapeprs and Journals Online Wiki (https://wiki.fibis.org/w/Newspapers_and_journals_online)
Lane's Masonic Records (https://www.dhi.ac.uk/lane/index.php)
Historical Photographs of China (https://www.hpcbristol.net)

[N1] The Brooke Heritage Trust has digitised of collections of family papers in Oxford, Kuching, and elsewhere. These are made available via the digital archive with the aim of producing an integrated corpus comprising their catalogued, transcribed, and searchable contents. A Bibliography about the Brookes and/or Sarawak is available. Other projects include The Brooke Gallery, Rebuilding Royalist and Rajah Brooke Cottage.

United States

Southeast Asia Visions (http://seasiavisions.library.cornell.edu/)
Cornell University Library – Persuasive Maps (https://persuasivemaps.library.cornell.edu)
Cornell Modern Indonesia Collection (http://cmip.library.cornell.edu/
Southeast Asia Programm eCommons (https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/44135)
Southeast Asia Digital Library - Northern Illinois University (http://sea.lib.niu.edu/)
University of Hawai’i Manoa E-Mindanao Resource (http://www.hawaii.edu/cps/eMindan
University of Hawai’i Manoa Digital Image Collections [Including ‘Southeast Asian Posters’ collection] (https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/collections/show/32)
University of Hawai’i Manoa Philippine Collection (https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10524/33740)(https://micro189.lib3.hawaii.edu/ezproxy/patsearch.php)
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee – Digital Collections (https://uwm.edu/lib-collections/)
University of Winsconsin-Madison Philippines Image Collection (National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) Philippines Image Collection; Library of Congress Philippines Image Collection; Liberato Picar Philippines Military Academy Album; E. Murray Bruner Philippine Image Collection; American Expatriate Album: Iloilo Philippines) (https://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/wiphilippine/)
University of Winsconsin-Madison Libraries Southeast Asian Images and Texts (https://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/SEAiT/)
University of Winsconsin-Madison Center for Southeast Asian Studies Southeast Asian Languages Library (http://www.sealang.net/library/)
University of Michigan Philippine Photographs Digital Archive (https://quod.lib.umich.edu/s/sclphilimg)
University of Michigan The United States and its Territories 1870-1925 (https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/)
Scanned illustrations of the East Indies from European Compendia of Knoweldge 1700s (http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/compendia/compendia.html)
Scanned Illustrations on Trading Networks of all kinds c. 1700s-1850’s (http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/trade/trade.html)
Boxer Codex. The Lilly Library Digital Collection, Indiana University (http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/digital/collections/items/show/93)
Human Relations Area File (HRAF) Collection of Ethnography, Yale University (https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/ehrafe/)
Yale Center for British Art (https://britishart.yale.edu/collections)
Duke University Sidney D Gamble Photograph Collection (https://repository.duke.edu/dc/gamble)
Lafayette University East Asia Image Collection (https://dss.lafayette.edu/collections/east-asia-image-collection/)
Harvard University Islam Heritage Project (https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/islamic-heritage-project/)
Boston University’s Center for the Study of Asia – Guide to Map Collections Online (http://www.bu.edu/asian/resources/asia-map-collections/)
Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection University of Texas Library [Indonesia] (https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/indonesia.html)
University of Washington The Chinese-Indonesian Community Documents Collection from Java (https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/21474)
Keene State College Orang Asli Archive (OAA) (https://commons.keene.edu/handle/20.500.12088/12)
The International Military Tribunal For The Far East Digital Collection University of Virginia Law Library (http://imtfe.law.virginia.edu)
China Biographical Database, Harvard University (https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/cbdb)
Chinese Land Records, University of Pittsburgh (https://digital.library.pitt.edu/collection/chinese-land-records)[N1]
The Catálogo Colectivo de Impresos Latinoamericanos hasta 1851 (CCILA)(http://ccila.ucr.edu)[N2]

[N1] The collection of Chinese Land Records at University Library System, University of Pittsburgh include land deeds, property trade documents, possession draw documents, tax bills, etc. It includes 220 pieces that span over three hundred years from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) to mid-twentieth century. The majority of them are from Fujian Province and several are from other provinces.
[N2] Ongoing effort to catalog the printed heritage of Latin America and the Philippines before 1851. As a bibliography, it provides a census of surviving works. As a union catalog, CCILA lists institutional holdings for those works and endeavours to identify microfilm and digital surrogates.

Hathi Trust (https://www.hathitrust.org/)
Archive (http://archive.org/)
Balinese Digital Archive (https://archive.org/details/Bali)
Open Culture (http://www.openculture.com/)
Project Gutenberg.org (http://www.gutenberg.org/)
Googlebooks (https://books.google.com)
SEAlang Library (Indonesian Etymological Project, Language dictionaries) (http://sealang.net/lwim/)

Library of Congress Digital Collection (https://www.loc.gov/collections/)
New York Public Library (https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/)
Biodiversity Heritage Library (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/)
The Newberry (https://digcoll.newberry.org/)

Art of the Ancestors (https://www.artoftheancestors.com/)
David Rumsey Map Collection (https://www.davidrumsey.com)
Geographicus: Rare Antique Maps (https://www.geographicus.com/)
Find a Grave (https://www.findagrave.com/)
Asian Historical Architecture (https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/)
Psy War (https://www.psywar.org/)
Luminous Lint Photography Resource(http://www.luminous-lint.com/)

Smithsonian Institution Archives (https://siarchives.si.edu/)
Brooklyn Museum (https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/collections)
New Bedford Whaling Museum (https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/collections/database)
Art Institute of Chicago (https://www.artic.edu/collection)
American Museum of Natural History – Division of Anthropology (https://anthro.amnh.org/asia)

South Asia Open Archives (SAOA) (https://www.jstor.org/site/saoa/)
International Mission Photography Archive (http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15799coll123)(https://crcc.usc.edu/impa/)
Dissertation Reviews - Southeast Asia 2012 - 2016 (http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/category/review/seasia)
Getty Research InstituteHistory of Photographi in China 1839-1911: Selected Annotated Bibliography (http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/guides_bibliographies/photography_china/index.html)

Baohuanghui Scholarship Blog – Archives Listing, Mapping Chapters, Introduction to Historical Methods, (https://baohuanghui.blogspot.com/)
Chinese in Northwest America Research Committee (https://www.cinarc.org/index.html)
East View Information Service Late Qing and Republican-Era Chinese Newspapers (Open Access) (https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/lqrcn/)

the Netherlands

Wereldculturen [Afrika Museum, Tropenmuseum, Volkenkunde] (http://collectie.wereldculturen.nl/)
Rijksmuseum (https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en)
Leiden Digital Collection – includes Balinese Narrative Drawings, KIT Colonial Sources, Dutch Colonial Maps KIT, Dutch East Indies Literature, I La Galigo in context, Southeast Asian & Caribbean Images (KITLV), Maps & Atlases, Maps (KITLV), Manuscripts Archives & Letters, Panji Tales Manuscripts, Oral History Archive Indonesia (SMGI), Photo Albums, Photography (Kern Institute), KITLV Archive, Photography (Print Room), UBL Collection guides & KITLV inventories, Sino-Malay Texts (KITLV), Snouck Hurgronje Papers, South East Asian Pop Music KITLV: (https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/)
Delpher (https://www.delpher.nl/)
Atlas of Mutual Heritage (http://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl)
Dutch Studies on Southeast Asia [as well as South Asia and Tibet] (https://www.dutchstudies-satsea.nl/)

National Archief (https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/en)
VOC Guide for National Archief (https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/zoekhulpen/overzicht-van-archieven-over-de-voc-in-het-nationaal-archief)
VOC Personnel 1699-1794 (https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/index/nt00444?searchTerm=)
Memory of Netherlands [Geheugen van Nederland] (https://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/)
Images for the Future (https://www.beeldenvoordetoekomst.nl/en.html)
Europeana (https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en)
Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision (https://www.beeldengeluid.nl)
Koninklijke Bibliiotheek/National Library of Netherlands (https://www.kb.nl/en)
Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren (https://www.dbnl.org/)
NIOD Institute of War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (Nederlands instituut voor oorlogsdocumentatie)(https://www.niod.nl/en/webprojecten)

Chain of Command /Military System of the Dutch East Indies 1655-1663 Leiden MA Thesis (http://vocwarfare.net/)
TANAP: Towards A New Age of Partnership in Dutch East India Company Archives and Research (http://www.tanap.net/)
VOC-Kenniscentrum – Dutch site on VOC (https://voc-kenniscentrum.nl/)
De VOC Site – Naval history (https://www.vocsite.nl/)
Hereldica Civica et Militara (Heraldry and related subjects)(http://www.hubert-herald.nl/)
Indian Ocean and Maritime Asia Slave Trade Databases (https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/dataverse/IOMASTD)

Hong Kong

Hong Kong Public Libraries: Old Hong Kong Newspapers (https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/old-hk-collection)
Hong Kong Public Libraries: Photo Collection (https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/web/guest/photo-collection)
Hong Kong Public Libraries: Children’s Paradise Collection (https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/web/guest/children-s-paradise-collection)
Chinese University of Hong Kong (http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/tc)
Hong Kong Heritage Society Archives (http://digital.lib.hku.hk/hkhsa/)
HKU Libraries Digital Repository (https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/)
Chinese through Western Eyes , HKU (https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/collection/b8515n36q/)
Hong Kong Image Database, HKU (https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/collection/s4655j58z/)
Hong Kong Archive Society (http://www.archives.org.hk/en/)
Gwulo: Old Hong Kong (https://gwulo.com/)
Hong Kong Legal Information Institute (https://www.hklii.org/eng/)
Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online (https://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/oelawhk/home)
Hong Kong Government Reports Online (1842-1941) (http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/index.jsp)
Hong Kong Historic Maps (http://www.hkmaps.hk/)

Australia and New Zealand

Leo Haks Collection – National Gallery of Art (https://nga.gov.au/HAKS/)
Trove (https://trove.nla.gov.au/)
Papers Past, National Library of New Zealand (https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz)
Sin Po Magazine Collection, Monash University (https://repository.monash.edu/collections/show/117)[N1]
Music Archive of Monash University [Indonesian Music and Artefacts + Sumatra Music Archive] (https://monash.figshare.com/mamu)
Australia National University Open Research (https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/)
Otago University Research Heritage – John Turnbull Thomson Collection (http://www.otago.ourheritage.ac.nz/items/browse?collection=30)
Malay Archipelago Collection, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/place/2076899)[N2]
Guide to the Records of the East India Company (as filmed by the AJCP)( https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-727784689/findingaid?digitised=y)
VOC Charter Translated into English (http://www.australiaonthemap.org.au/voc-charter/)
National Museum Australia Collection Explorer (http://collectionsearch.nma.gov.au)

[N1] Comprehensive collection of a monthly Malay-language publication that is diverse in content by the Peranakan Chinese community in Indonesia. High content quality.
[N2] Also try searching the collection using keywords such as 'Malay', 'Indonesia', 'Southeast Asia', etc.

India

Museums of India Digital Repository (http://www.museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/home)[N1]
Project Madurai (https://www.projectmadurai.org/)
Tamil Digital Library (https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/)
Roja Muthiah Research Library (http://rmrl.in/)
NCERT textbooks on India – History, Geography, Economics, Society, Politics (https://afeias.com/ncert-books/)
Bichira: Online Tagore Variorum (http://bichitra.jdvu.ac.in/index.php)
Studies in Tamil Studio Archives and Society (Tamil Studio Portraiture 1880-1980) (https://stars.hypotheses.org)
India Memory Project (https://www.indianmemoryproject.com)
National Digital Library of India (https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in)
Ideas of India (https://www.ideasofindia.org)

[N1] Malay World collection in Indian holdings is seldom explored. The digital repository reveals surprising finds and suggests that Indian collections are promising avenues for further research.

French

Bibliothèque nationale de France Gallica (https://gallica.bnf.fr/accueil/en/content/accueil-en)
Le musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac (http://www.quaibranly.fr/en/explore-collections/)
Centre de Recherche en Ethnomusicologie (https://archives.crem-cnrs.fr/)
Archief Nationale d’Outre Mer (ANOM)(Ho Chi Minh) (http://www.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/anom/)
la service historique de la defense (https://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/en)
Agorha – INHA (https://agorha.inha.fr/)
Agorha – INHA ‘Art global et périodiques culturels’ (https://agorha.inha.fr/inhaprod/ark:/54721/00171)

Germany

Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Digitalsierte Sammlungen (https://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/)
Orient-Digital, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (http://orient-digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/content/index.xml)[N1]
Universitat Heidelberg (https://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/helios/Welcome.html)
Crossasia (https://crossasia.org/en/)
Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures, Universitat Hamburg (https://www.manuscript-cultures.uni-hamburg.de/)
Nusantara Manuscripts Portal (http://nusantara.dl.uni-leipzig.de/)
Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek (DDB) (https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de)
CrossAsia (https://crossasia.org/en/)[N2]

[N1] Orient-Digital is the database of Oriental manuscripts at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz. The database provides basic information on all manuscripts, i.e. shelf mark, language, script, number of pages, and catalogue number/cataloguing status.
[N2] CrossAsia offers access to specialised information from the entire spectrum of humanities and social sciences from and about Asia. The portal has been set up by Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Together with Heidelberg University Library and the South Asia Institute of Heidelberg University, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin runs the Specialised Information Service Asia (Fachinformationsdienst Asien).

Taiwan

古籍與特藏文獻資源，National Central Library, Taiwan (http://rbook.ncl.edu.tw/NCLSearch/Search/Index/1)
Archive of the Guomintang Party (http://archives.kmt.org.tw/gs32/kmt/index.htm )
Academia Historica (http://library.drnh.gov.tw/index.jsp)
Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica (http://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/)
Digital Rare book: (http://da.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/rarebook/ug-0.jsp)

Macau

Memoria de Macau (https://www.macaumemory.mo/)
Review of Culture (http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/)
University of Macao Library Digital Portal (http://libdigital.umac.mo/)

Spain

Archivo General de Indias (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/archivos/mc/archivos/agi/portada.html)
Biblioteca Digital Hispanica (http://bdh.bne.es/)
La Red Digital de Colecciones de Museos de España (http://ceres.mcu.es/)

Japan

Japan Foundation Asian Art Archive (https://www.jpf.go.jp/e/publish/asia_exhibition_history/index.html[N1] )
Kyoto University. Centre for Southeast Asian Studies –Working Papers on Area Studies (https://edit.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kyoto-working-papers-on-area-studies/[N2] )
Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, National Archives of Japan (https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/index.html)
CiNii(Scholarly and Academic Information Navigator, pronounced like "sigh-knee")(https://ci.nii.ac.jp)[N3]

[N1] Contains some of the pioneering art historical scholarship on Asian modernism.
[N2] Kyoto has undertaken a number of transliteration project on post-war pre-independence Jawi publications. A number of anthologies of various magazines and newspapers are downloadable.
[N3] A database service which can be searched with academic information of articles, Books, Journals & Dissertations.

China

Xiamen University Institutional Respository (https://dspace.xmu.edu.cn/dspace/)[N1]
Teochew Letters – Shantou University (STU) Cheung Kong School of Journalism, Communication and Museum of Overseas Remittance Mail Relics 僑批文物館, Research Centre on Chaoshan History and Culture in Swatow (https://www.teochewletters.org/)[N2]

[N1] An early Chinese university funded by Southeast Asian Chinese tycoons. The repository contains a number of theses that focuses on Chinese history in the nanyang.
[N2] Selected examples of remittance letters out of a vast archive are made available on this website.

Portugal

Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal (http://www.bnportugal.gov.pt/)
Documentos Remettidos de India Livros das Moncoes (http://purl.pt/26875)
Memórias de África e do Oriente (http://memoria-africa.ua.pt/Library.aspx)

ASEAN/Region

ASEAN Digital Library: (http://www.aseanlibrary.org/)
Virtual Collection of Asian Masterpieces ASEMUS (http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/)
ASEAN Cultural Heritage Digital Archive (https://heritage.asean.org)

Europe

Europeana collections (https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en)
Virtual Collection of Asian Masterpieces (http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/)

Sweden

Maritime History Virtual Archive (http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Nautica.html)
DiVA – Academic Archive Online (www.diva-portal.org/smash/)

Brunei

Working Paper Series, Institute of Asian Studies, University of Brunei (https://ias.ubd.edu.bn/ias-working-paper-series/)

Mexico

Philippine Documents in Mexico (https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-04-01-1966/philippine-historical-documents-archives-mexico.pdf)

Italy

Album di disegni, illustranti usi e costumi dei popoli d'Asia e d'Africa con brevi dichiarazioni in lingua portoghese, 1540 (http://opac.casanatense.it/Record.htm?Record=19917226124917354089)

Canada

Colonial Architecture Project (http://www.colonialarchitectureproject.org/)
Ming and Qing Women's Writings (https://digital.library.mcgill.ca/mingqing/english/index.php)[N1]
Bandung + 60 (Bandung Conference Primary source materials)(https://bandung60.wordpress.com)

[N1] This is a digital collection of writings by women in late imperial China (1368-1911). The website consists of a virtual library augmented by the online scholarly apparatus designed and implemented by the McGill Library Digital Initiatives team. In addition, it features a link for each writer to the China Biographical Database hosted at Harvard University.

Sri Lanka

Noolaham (http://www.noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/)[N1]

[N1] The most extensive archive on Sri Lankan Tamil speaking communities with documents in both English and Tamil.

South Africa

First Fifty Years – a project collating Cap of Good Hope Records (http://www.e-family.co.za/ffy/)

Qatar

Qatar Digital Library, Qatar National Library (https://www.qdl.qa/en)[N13]

[N13] British East India Company journals and related records in the India Office Records series IOR/L/MAR/A (dated 1605-1705) and IOR/L/MAR/B (dated 1702-1856) are digitised collaboratively with Qatar and made available here.

Vatican

Digital Vatican Library (https://digi.vatlib.it)

Vienna

Austrian-Philippine Website (https://www.univie.ac.at/ksa/apsis/aufi.htm)[N1]

[N1] The Austrian-Philippine Home Page is part of APSIS (Asian/Pacific Studies & Information Service) at the Institut für Völkerkunde (Institute of Social Anthropology), University of Vienna. It includes a map featuring 'virtual travel of Rizal' with diary entries pinned to specific locations of travel, as well as an online resource on Rizal-Blumentritt friendship, and an image collection picturesque old Philippines.

Carribean

Digital Library of the Carribean (https://dloc.com)[N1]

[N1] Worth exploring for those interested in the global history of indentured labour.

International

Wikipedia List of Online Newspaper Archives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_online_newspaper_archives)

Auction Catalogues

Auction catalogues are a great resource for tracking documents, photographs, cultural artefacts and artworks that often end up in private collections. Many new discoveries can be found by browsing through auction catalogues. They are a great resource for tracking provenance, identifying ownership, and market value.

Bonhams (https://www.bonhams.com/)
Sotheby’s (https://www.sothebys.com/)
Christies (https://www.christies.com/)
Daniel Crouch Rare Books (http://www.crouchrarebooks.com/)
Zwiggelaar Auctions (http://www.zwiggelaarauctions.nl/)
Charles Miller Ltd. (http://www.charlesmillerauctioneer.com/)
Artnet (http://www.artnet.com/)
Mutual Art (https://www.mutualart.com)
Antiqbook (https://www.antiqbook.com/)
Maggs Rare Books and Manuscripts (https://www.maggs.com/)
Dreweatts (https://www.dreweatts.com/)
Duke’s Auctions (https://www.dukes-auctions.com/)
Bibliophile Bookbase (http://www.bookbase.com/)
Moleiro (https://www.moleiro.com/)