Notes, papers, refs

Lecture notes

The Lecture notes of the UGM Workshop Series on Explainable and Sustainable AI 2026 can be downloaded here.

You can also find the videorecordings of the lectures in this link.

Suggested reading

Publications

1. Giordano, Paolo. Interaction spaces I: Towards a unified mathematical theory of complex systems. (IS.pdf) 

2. Giordano, Paolo. Interaction spaces II: A mathematical definition of complex adapted system. (IS_cas.pdf)

Additional Reference 

1. Chollet, F. et. all. ARC-AGI-2: A New Challenge for Frontier AI Reasoning Systems. 2025 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11831v1) 

2. Modeling Complex Systems (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4419-6562-2)

3. ⁠⁠Casti, J.L. Would-be worlds: Toward a theory of complex systems. Artificial Life and Robotics 1, 11–13 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02471105 

4. CausaLens. An Overview of the Methodologies of Causal Discovery (https://causalai.causalens.com/resources/research/an-overview-of-the-methodologies-of-causal-discovery/) 

5. Ceccherini-Silberstein, Tullio. Michel Coornaert. Springer Monograph in Mathematics: Cellular Automata and Groups. 2010.

6. Dominique Chu, Roger Strand, and Ragnar Fjelland. Theories of Complexity: Common Denominators of Complex Systems. 2003

7. Crutchfield, James P. Between order and chaos. Macmillan Publishers Limited: Nature Physics. 2012. DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS2190

8. Feng, Song. et. all. Hypergraph models of biological networks to identify genes critical to pathogenic viral response. BMC Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-021-04197-2

9. Grothendieck. L’importance d’être seul. 

10. Judea Pearl, AI, and Causality: What Role do Statisticians Play? Amstat News, AI Special Issue, 555:6-9, September 2023. 

11. Leinser, Tom. Basic Category Theory. 2014. Cambridge. 

12. Leinser, Tom. Higher Operads, Higher Categories. http://arXiv.org/abs/math/0305049v1 

13. Llyod, Seth. Measures of Complexity: A Nonexhaustive List. 2001. IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 

14. Kai Nagel, Michael Schreckenberg. A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic. Journal de Physique I, EDP Sciences, 1992, 2 (12), pp.2221-2229. 10.1051/jp1:1992277. jpa- 00246697.