After sequential washes, only the tightest binding nanobodies will remain. The Kd value is quantified by measuring the fluorescence of the bound nanobodies and varying the concentrations of proteins in the inlet to produce a plot relating the two variables. A sample plot is shown above.

Oxford nanopore sequencing (ONT) is employed to reveal the protein sequence of nanbodies with high affnity to targets. This method utilizes electric current to move through nanopores. Changes in the resistance and thus voltage correspond to specific, identifiable base pairs that allows for sequencing.