dev·il
Noun
the personal supreme spirit of evil often represented in Christian belief as the tempter of humankind, the leader of all apostate angels, and the ruler of hell —usually used with the —often used as an interjection, an intensive, or a generalized term of abuse
an evil spirit
an extremely wicked person
a person of notable energy, recklessness, and dashing spirit
also: one who is mischievous
6. a. something very trying or provoking
b. severe criticism or rebuke
c. the difficult, deceptive, or problematic part of something
de·mon
Noun
a. an evil spirit
b. a source or agent of evil, harm, distress, or ruin
In the earliest mention of demons in the Hebrew bible, they are described as malevolent entities who enter living bodies to possess them. In this way, Demons have manifested in human culture for centuries, reflecting the fears of the era and acting as a warning for those who breach the fabric between the temporal and spiritual realms. In The Dybbuk, or Between Two Worlds, a play crafted from Jewish folklore by playwright S. Ansky, the fear of losing traditional ways of Shtetl life is central to the plot. The spirit possessing demon, the Dybbuk, emerges when spiritual tradition clashes with modern sensibilities. Ultimately, the Dybbuk reflects the fear of losing the past.
This film follows a young girl Regan who has been possessed by a demon and her mother's attempt to save her with the help of two Catholic priests to perform an exorcism. At the time the film was released, religion was more prevalent in society. Original audiences of this film were reported to faint, vomit, and run out of theaters. The film was the first of its kind to show a young, helpless girl as the victim instead of scummy teenagers or uncaring adults. The movie further emphasizes the fear of a devil in a religious context.
This play takes place in a mom and pop plant shop in which a demon flower spawned! The playwright stressed that he made this play to be a lighthearted evil, especially because he felt that people during this time period were too serious, not enjoying things in life as they should. He wanted to make this monster adorable despite how cruel it was.
Mr. Applegate, is a devil disguised as a salesman. He helped fulfill Joe’s wish, but Joe had to leave his wife. This has once again shown the message that everything comes at a price.
Appearing at the turn of the millennium, where technology was advancing rapidly and where the accomplishments of the present were uplifted and touted as exalting people from those of the past, The Judge, an immortal demon from the middle ages, represented a direct confrontation between modernity and the past. Around this period, we began to see the demon as not only a representation of classic evil but a representation of human history, often seeing demons depicted as related to or being temporally located in our past. Similarly, they began to take on and embody the speech, mannerisms, clothing, and beliefs of previous eras.
Brought to Earth from another dimension, Hellboy is a demon raised by humans that works to deal with paranormal threats despite his destiny to eventually destroy the world. In this instance, the demon is shown to be a hero, a productive and protective figure within society that is actively working with them to accomplish the same goal instead of a diametrically opposed one. This added to a growing trend at the time of reimagining traditionally malevolent figures and exploring them in more positive and nuanced lights, showing demons not as figures of absolute evil but as humanized, multi-faceted beings, capable of deciding their own choices to do good or evil.
The story of Jennifer's Body follows a young nerdy girl, Needy and her best friend Jennifer who has been possessed by a demon that makes her target males and murder and consume them to strengthen her powers. The movie comes in the wake of a continuous battle for LGBT+ rights. In 2009 when the movie was released, Barack Obama declared June LGBT Pride Month, and gay marriage was only legal in two states at the time (Massachuesetts and Connecticut). The movie falls victim to the trope commonly used to represent LGBTQ+ women as villains, who use their seductress powers for their evil gain. This film aligns with society's desire to demonize queer people at the time and women who are overtly seductive.
Sixtass, is a mischievous demon known for bringing pain and chaos to the living world through the act of possessing one's body. Most of his origins are unknown, but it is said that he was once an angel that was punished. In result, he was sent to live in the dark realm called "The Further", which is a deminsion between Earth, Hell and Heaven.
Living and trapped in Yuichiros sword, Asuramaru is a demon that uses nightmares to consume his host’s body. He grants the sword and the user powers that are strong enough to kill vampires. (Spoiler) Eventually, Asuramaru was able to gain full control of Yuichiro turning him into a demon.
Unlike its predecessor, this retelling’s Mephistophilis appears in an era where belief in religion and the supernatural is less prevalent. Accordingly, instead of being grounded in the mystical, this Mephistophilis is grounded through his relationship to the Dr. Faustus. There is a duality between the ambitious doctor and the devil he’s damned his soul to, showing demons as the dark reflections of man that embody the unrestrained and indulgent parts of the human condition. Here, demons are no longer perceived as something wholly separate from man but as a mirror connected to our own worse traits that we’ve voluntarily contracted with.
Michael is a demon architect tasked with creating the perfect torture method for humans sent to hell. He devises a plan to use the people's insecurities and flaws to make them feel anxious that heaven is not the perfect idea they had in their heads. Throughout the show, we see Michael's evil actions as well as the changes he makes in his behaviors.
Lucifer Morningstar is a Devil who opens up a nightclub on Earth in Los Angeles, also known as the City of Angels. At this period of time, Lucifer isn’t a demon put on Earth to bring humans into the underworld. Instead, he gives up his throne to live in Los Angeles where he indulges in crime solving in the daytime and pleasure-seeking nightlife. In contrast from past demons, we see Lucifer experience humanlike traits such as questioning his purpose, his identity, and his past.
Makima has made a contract with the devil of control, a devil manifested from the fear in people's life of lack of control. Makima spneds her actions in the show grooming the main character, manipulating her coworkers, and killing people without second thoughts. She is the most evil demon in this series as of now, and Tatsuki Fujimoto made an effort to still give readers a chance to understand and empathize with her.
Valak, is a powerful demon known for manipulating objects, possessing humans and creating illusions all so that he can further his own goals. Valak, was once angel, but he was ultimately rejected by God and was sent to prison in hell. Valak likes to take the appearance of a demonic nun to not only mock the faith of his eneimes, but also to blend in and hide among them.
In our modern era, demons do not just possess the living, but often take on nuanced personas of their own. Crowley, a witty and indolent demon, stars in Good Omens (2019). He, together with the angel Aziraphale, act as the show's protagonists. Instead of possessing people, Crowley is seemly possessed by modern human culture, being an enjoyer of fine wine and British rock music.
Beetlejuice is a demon who is known for scaring the living. He is hired by the recently deceased couple, Adam and Barbara Maitland, to scare the Deetz family out of the couple’s house. Beetlejuice is known as an eccentric and manipulative demon who is very persistent in getting what he wants which makes him good at his job. While executing the Maitland couple’s wish, Beetlejuice meets Lydia Deetz who ultimately becomes his first friend. Through this friendship, Beetlejuice who was once seen himself only good for his ostentatious personality and manipulative tactics is revealed that his true desire was to receive acceptance.
While he may look like a normal human being, Jeong Gu-won is actually a 200+ year old wealthy demon that makes contracts with people to fulfill their wishes. Of course, this service isn’t free, in return, the person’s soul will be sent to hell in 10 years. This sends a strong message of how everything comes at a price.
Danily, is a troublesome demon, who is known for stirring up conflicts and creating even more chaos. Although, most of Danily's origin is unknown it said that he came from a realm that is clouded in mystery and darkness. Danily adds chaos to conflicts by adding his own eerie touch, such as hiding in the dark and observing with glowing eyes.
In the tv show Hazbin Hotel (2024), the lord of demons, Lucifer, experiences his own redemption. He grows from being the deadbeat dad of the protagonist, who is haunted by his own fear of Heaven's wrath, to a supportive parent who confronts his fear directly by standing up to the Angels who had persecuted him. In Hazbin Hotel, rather than demons possessing humans, the viewer is able identify and sympathize with the fears and struggles of demon-kind. In a way, that brings us full pentagram.
In the live production of Richard III, Katy Sullivan plays the role of Richard III who shows qualities of being a tyrant from doing anything at any cost for what she desires just like the original Richard III who ultimately had the blood of his reign on his hands just to be next to take the throne. The inhumane and non remorseful actions for someone high in ranking shows that a person is willing to go to the extreme to get what they want whether it be morally right or not. The selection of Richard III being a woman and having disability incorporates feelings of societal expectations that she feels aside from the tyrannical and cynical traits Richard III has.
Works Cited:
“Definition of DEMON.” Merriam-Webster.com, 2019, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/demon.
“Definition of DEVIL.” Merriam-Webster.com, 2019, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/devil.