Location: European Starlings are found all over the world. In North America, the area where I will be studying, there are more than 200 million European Starlings range from Alaska to Mexico, competing recourses with native species. European Starlings originated from Europe (how it got its name), including regions in Russia, and as far east as India and north-west China. 

Impact: There are many problems that European Starlings cause to the local ecosystem. European Starlings are introduced to North America in the late 1800s. Soon enough, they have spread across Canada, as far north as Alaska, and as far south as north Guatemala. As an introduced specie, Common Starlings are not considered a native specie. But, European Starlings are known for their "anger issues" and strong bodies, which together, formed a bird that is aggressive. This formed a lot of problems. For example, competition between Common Starlings and native species are extremely common. First of all, there are a limited amount of space to make nests, and tree holes are perfect. A pair of Northern Flickers (native specie to North America) was fortunate enough to find one. But, soon enough, a Common Starling showed up and took the hole, as the picture towards the left suggests. 

But, European Starling bring far more threat to crops and plants. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service's studies, in 2012, field damage surveys were conducted in cherry orchards and vineyards in states like Michigan, New York, Washington and Oregon. According to this source, results from the 2012 survey of producers (farmers) indicated $51 million in damages to sweet cherries and $33 million to blueberries. Total bird damage for the five types of fruit crops covered in the 2012 survey (blueberries, wine grapes, apples, sweet cherries and tart cherries) was estimated at $189 million. Out of all birds who damaged these crops, European Starlings were either ranked number 1 or 2, meaning that they are the species who brought the most harm. 

(Homan et al., 2017)