2025

• PCP Special Issue – August 2025

• Vermetten, E., Burback, L., Sevigny, P.R., Nijdam, M.J., Winkler, O., Espejo, E., Sessoms, P., Bright, K.S, Roy, M.J., Brémault-Phillips, S. (2025). Brief Manual for Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation Therapy for the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2025; 35: Supplement S122-S134), DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2025.241028

• Vermetten, E, Barcaro, S., Espejo, E., Bellini, P, Roy, MJ, Bremault-Phillips, S. (2025). Linguistic Analysis of Patients’ Labels During 3MDR Psychotherapy, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2025; 35: Supplement S29-S35), DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2025.241024

• Bellini, P,  Raboy, AL, Fu, A, Haight, T, Vermetten, E, Roy, MJ. (2025). Motion-Assisted, Multi-Modal Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women with a History of Sexual Trauma, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2025; 35: Supplement S20-S28), DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2025.24996

• Brémault-Phillips, S, Bright, KS., Allen, K, Kim, J, Mouallem, S, Strybosch, L, Vermetten, E., Sevigny, PR. (2025). Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation (3MDR) Treatment for Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from Grief: A Case Report, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2025; 35: Supplement S168-S175), DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2025.241034

• Raboy, AL, Van Dehy, J., Bellini, P, Ordek, V, Sessoms, P,  Vermetten, E, Roy, MJ. (2025). Augmented Reality 3MDR Therapy for the Treatment of PTSD and Comorbid Moral Injury: A Case Study, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2025; 35: Supplement S176-S183), DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2025.24989

2024

• Gausemel, Å., & Filkuková, P. (2024). Virtual realities, real recoveries: exploring the efficacy of 3MDR therapy for treatment-resistant PTSD. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1291961. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1291961

• Nadolna, Oliwia (2024) This Treatment Is Made for Walking: the Effect of 3MDR Exposure Does Not Differ for People with Varying Physical Activity Habits. Master thesis, Psychology.

• Koomen, A. P., Kaag, A. M., Jongenelen, C. A. M., Wouters, R., Van Marle, H., Van Den Heuvel, O. A., ... & De Vries, T. J. Craving on the move: Targeting smoking memories with a novel 3MDR-smoking cessation protocol. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1398027.

2023

• Hoekstra, M., van Veelen, N., van Leeuwen, J., Nijdam, M. J., & Vermetten, E. (2023). 3MDR treatment in an adolescent with PTSD: a case report. European journal of psychotraumatology, 14(2), 2272487. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2023.2272487

• Smith-MacDonald, L,  Jones, C, Brown, MR, Dunleavy, R, VanderLaan, A, Kaneva, Z, Hamilton, T, Burback, L, Vermetten, E, Bremault-Phillips, S (2023, ijerph-2204062). Moving Forward from Moral Injury: A Mixed Methods Study Investigating the Use of 3MDR for Treatment-Resistant PTSD,  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Advances in Mental Health, PTSD and Moral Injury. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(7), 5415, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075415

• Generating Alternative Solutions: Divergent Thinking as a Working Model for 3MDR in patients with PTSD

2022

• Roy, MJ, Bellini, P, Kruger, SE, Dunbar, K, Atallah, H , Haight, T, Vermetten , E. (2022). Randomized Controlled Trial of Motion-Assisted Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, with and without an Eye Movement Task, Frontiers in Virtual Reality, section Virtual Reality in Medicine, Volume 3; doi: 10.3389/frvir.2022.1005774

• Jones, C., Smith-MacDonald, L, Brown, Matthew R G, VanDehy, J, Grunnet-Jepsen, R, Patel, V, Kruger, S, Ayres-Gerhart, A, van Veelen, N, Nijdam, M., Burback, L, Cao, B, Roy, M, Sessoms, P, Vermetten, E, Brémault-Phillips, S (2022). The redesign and validation of 3MDR hardware and software: A mixed methods modified delphi and validation study, JMIR mHealth and uHealth. (JMU ms#33682; Sept 20, 2021) doi:10.2196/33682

• Jones, C., Smith-MacDonald, L, Brown, Matthew R G, Pike, A, Vermetten, E, Brémault-Phillips, S (2022). Quantitative changes in mental health measures with 3MDR treatment for Canadian military members and veterans, Brain and Behaviour. 12, e2694, doi:10.1002/brb3.2694

• Jones, C., Smith-MacDonald, L., Van Veelen, N., VanderLaan, A., Kaneva, Z., Dunleavy, R. S., ... & Brémault-Phillips, S. (2022). Therapist and operator experiences utilizing multi-modal motion-assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation (3MDR) for treatment of combat related posttraumatic stress disorder amongst military and veteran populations. European journal of psychotraumatology, 13(1), 2062996. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2062996

• Jones, C, Miguel-Cruz, A, Smith-MacDonald, L, Brown, Matthew R. G., Vermetten, E, Brémault-Phillips, S (2022). Technology Acceptance and Usability of a Virtual Reality Intervention for Military Members and Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Mixed Methods UTAUT Study, JMIR Formative Research 6(4), e33681. doi:  10.2196/33681

2021

• Tang, E., Jones, C., Smith-MacDonald, L., Brown, M.R., Vermetten, E.H., & Bremault-Phillips, S. (2021). Decreased Emotional Dysregulation Following Multi-modal Motion-assisted Memory Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (3MDR): Identifying Driving Factors in Remediation of Treatment-Resistant PTSD. doi:10.3390/ijerph182212243 

• Jones, C., Cruz, A. M., Smith-MacDonald, L., Brown, M. R., Vermetten, E., & Bremault-Phillips, S. (2021). Technology Acceptance and Usability of a Virtual Reality Intervention for Military Members and Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Mixed Methods UTAUT Study.

• van Deursen, R., Jones, K., Kitchiner, N., Hannigan, B., Barawi, K., & Bisson, J. I. (2021). The psychophysiological response during post-traumatic stress disorder treatment with modular motion-assisted memory desensitisation and reconsolidation (3MDR). European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1929027.

• Hamilton, T., Burback, L., Smith-MacDonald, L., Jones, C., Brown, M. R., Mikolas, C., ... & Brémault-Phillips, S. (2021). Moving Toward and Through Trauma: Participant Experiences of Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation (3MDR). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2357.

• Jones, C., Lentz, L., Smith-MacDonald, L., Miguel-Cruz, A., & Brémault-Phillips, S. (2021). Tackling trauma with technology: Treating chronic combat-related PTSD in Canadian Armed Forces personnel and veterans with 3MDR. Annu. Rev. Cyberther. Telemed, 18, 235-239.

• Lyu, A. (2021, April). Applications and Future Perspectives of Virtual Reality in the Treatments of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In 2021 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Medicine and Image Processing (pp. 151-155).

• van Veelen, N., Boonekamp, R. C., Schoonderwoerd, T. A. J., van Emmerik, M. L., Nijdam, M. J., Bruinsma, B., ... & Vermetten, E. (2021). Tailored Immersion: Implementing Personalized Components Into Virtual Reality for Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Front. Virtual Real. 2: 740795. doi: 10.3389/frvir.

• Hardeman, E. (2021). 'ARQ Centrum'45 is hét nationale instituut voor psychotraumatologie'. GZ-Psychologie, 13(6), 6-11.

2020

• van Gelderen, M. J., Nijdam, M. J., Haagen, J. F., & Vermetten, E. (2020). Interactive motion-assisted exposure therapy for veterans with treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 89(4), 215-227. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xR_uzK5ZchqhYzKlyGcbhIsv4i2U9RXu/view?usp=sharing

• van Gelderen, M. J., Nijdam, M. J., Dubbink, G. E., Sleijpen, M., & Vermetten, E. (2020). Perceived treatment processes and effects of interactive motion-assisted exposure therapy for veterans with treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: a mixed methods study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1829400.

• van Gelderen, M. J., Nijdam, M. J., de Vries, F., Meijer, O. C., & Vermetten, E. (2020). Exposure-related cortisol predicts outcome of psychotherapy in veterans with treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 130, 387-393.

• Bisson, J. I., Van Deursen, R., Hannigan, B., Kitchiner, N., Barawi, K., Jones, K., ... & Vermetten, E. (2020). Randomized controlled trial of multi‐modular motion‐assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR) for male military veterans with treatment‐resistant post‐traumatic stress disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 142(2), 141-151.

• Jones, C., Smith-MacDonald, L., Miguel-Cruz, A., Pike, A., van Gelderen, M., Lentz, L., ... & Brémault-Phillips, S. (2020). Virtual Reality–Based Treatment for Military Members and Veterans With Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Protocol for a Multimodular Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR research protocols, 9(10), e20620; https://doi.org/10.2196/20620

• Knaust, T., Felnhofer, A., Kothgassner, O. D., Höllmer, H., Gorzka, R. J., & Schulz, H. (2020). Virtual trauma interventions for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders: a scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2877.

• Eshuis, L. V., van Gelderen, M. J., van Zuiden, M., Nijdam, M. J., Vermetten, E., Olff, M., & Bakker, A. (2020). Efficacy of immersive PTSD treatments: a systematic review of virtual and augmented reality exposure therapy and a meta-analysis of virtual reality exposure therapy. Journal of Psychiatric Research.

2019

• Barawi, K., Bisson, J., Lewis, C., & Kitchiner, N. (2019). 3MDR: A Novel Intervention that Combines Virtual Reality and Exposure Therapy for Military Veterans with Treatment-Resistant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY (Vol. 10). 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD.

2018

• Van Gelderen, M. J., Nijdam, M. J., & Vermetten, E. (2018). An innovative framework for delivering psychotherapy to patients with treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: Rationale for interactive motion-assisted therapy. Frontiers in psychiatry, 9, 176.

• Nijdam, M. J., & Vermetten, E. (2018). Moving forward in treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Innovations to exposure-based therapy. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(1), 1458568.

2017

• Jetly, C. R., Meakin, L. C., Sinitski, E. H., Blackburn, L., Menard, J., Vincent, M., & Antwi, M. (2017, June). Multi-modal virtual-reality based treatment for members with combat related posttraumatic stress disorder: Canadian Armed Forces pilot study. In 2017 International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR) (pp. 1-2). IEEE.

2014

• van der Meer, R. (2014). Recent developments in computer assisted rehabilitation environments. Military Medical Research, 1(1), 1-7.

• Haagen, J. (2014). Innovatie en inspiratie in medische psychotraumatologie: Een interview met prof. dr. Eric Vermetten. Cogiscope, 2(14), 2-5.

• Vermetten, H. G. J. M. (2014). Strijd van binnen (Doctoral dissertation, Leiden).

2013

• Vermetten, E., Meijer, L., van der WURFF, P., & Mert, A. (2013). The effect of military motion-assisted memory desensitization and reprocessing treatment on the symptoms of combat-related post traumatic stress disorder: first preliminary results. Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine, 191, 125-127.

• Vermetten, E., Meijer, L., Van der Wurff, P., & Mert, A. (2013, January). Military multimodal memory desensitisation and reprocessing (3MDR); first results of a new exposure-based treatment for PTSD. In EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY (Vol. 4). RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN: CO-ACTION PUBLISHING.

• Mert, A., Buirma, R., van Luijk, J., Melkonian, G., Pels, J., & Vermetten, E. (2013). Development of a theory-based applied game for the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: proof of feasibility. In Games for Health (pp. 247-253). Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden.

2011

• Mert, A., & Vermetten, E. (2011). Military motion-based memory desensitization and reprocessing (3MDR): a novel treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder--proof of concept. Journal of CyberTherapy and Rehabilitation, 4(2), 212-215.