Depiction of the Male Domination in Science (Tonn 2020)
During the 19th century, the scientific community held various stereotypes and prejudices toward female scientists. Women were not given equal access to education, status, freedom, time, or encouragement, hindering their scientific capabilities (Feldman 2023). Women’s roles in science were silenced at the time, forcing them to navigate their work through indirect and subversive means. They were viewed as intellectually inferior and incapable of being objective (Feldman 2023). These biases also frequently hindered women from participating in professional scientific communities, gaining access to scientific knowledge, or receiving credit for breakthroughs. Women's capabilities were doubted, with little being expected of them. It was difficult during this period for women to find anyone willing to mentor them (Moyal 1993). Understanding these obstacles that prevented women from advancing their scientific careers is important as it gives insight into why Eunice Foote did not receive the recognition she deserved.
Gender roles during this time period meant women were expected to maintain the household. They were expected to cook, clean, and care for their children and partners. These expectations made it difficult for women to pursue their scientific interests as they did not have the same access to time and resources as men. The lack of opportunity for women to enter the workforce and gain education prevented the potential success they could bring to different fields of work from being recognized.
Depiction of 19th Century Female Gender Roles (Women’s Roles - 19th Century: Women’s Rights Movement 2024)
John Tyndall Lecture (Hesketh 2020)
While John Tyndall is commonly credited with finding the radiative absorption qualities of carbon dioxide, it was Foote who first explored these properties in 1856 (Ortiz and Jackson 2020). Foote had faced many cultural constraints, including various challenges for women in science during her period. Due to these constraints, another scientist by the name of John Henry had to present her work, as women would face many difficulties when presenting their findings (Mike B. 2020).
John Tyndall, like many others, viewed women as less capable in science and overlooked their contributions. Women were excluded from scientific communities and rarely allowed to present their findings at AAAS meetings (Mike B. 2020).