Dr. Charles R. Drew with lab apparatus in 1940.
Over the course of his career, Charles R. Drew contributed to 7 scientific articles, 5 with collaborators and 2 on his own. The majority of these articles are related to blood donation and preservation. The first article he contributed to was published in 1939, in which he and his collaborators looked at plasma potassium concentration of blood that results in the cardiac arrest of cats, dogs, and humans (Scudder et al 1939). The results of this research showed that a higher potassium concentration in blood plasma causes cardiac arrest, showing the importance of preventing an increase in plasma potassium concentration in donated blood for transfusion (Scudder et al 1939).
The second article that Charles R. Drew contributed to with collaborators focused on the effects of carbon dioxide on the preservation of blood (Smith et al 1940). Their research revealed that plasma drawn in a CO2-rich environment had a decreased amount of ammonia, sodium, and potassium produced in the plasma over two weeks, compared to blood samples drawn in a normal air environment, increasing the longevity of its use in blood transfusions (Smith et al 1940).
Another article that Charles R. Drew contributed to involved him and his colleagues comparing the potassium concentration in the blood serum (plasma) of human cadavers to the blood plasma of living blood donors (Scudder et al 1940). Their results showed that cadaver blood contained too much potassium in its plasma, which could potentially harm the recipient of this blood: an important discovery at the time as Cadavers were used in the 1930s as blood donors (Scudder et al 1940). They also found that blood from living humans stored at 4°C contained six times less potassium in its plasma than cadaver blood (Scudder et al 1940). This research conducted by Charles R. Drew and colleagues led Drew to further discover the necessary conditions for blood preservation.
In 1941, Charles R. Drew and his colleagues published an article outlining their research on blood transfusion, storage, and transport (Scudder et al 1941). The article discusses several experiments carried out by Drew and his colleagues focusing on changes in the cellular elements, electrolyte distribution, and protein patterns of blood (Scudder et al 1941). The article combines the results of these experiments into a guide on the best practices of blood and plasma collection, storage, and transport (Scudder et al 1941). This article represents the point at which Drew’s research of blood transfusion culminated in being applied to the practices of blood transfusion, making the process more effective. In 1944, Charles R. Drew published a review article that summarized the major contributors to the development of blood preservation and storage (Drew 1944). This article highlights that many scientists from Russia were the front runners in blood preservation and transfusion studies in the 1800s and early 1900s (Drew 1944). This article was Charles R. Drew acknowledging those who came before him in the field of blood transfusion and preservation.
In addition to blood transfusion and storage, Charles R. Drew was also interested in understanding shock and how blood transfusion could be used to combat it to improve patient outcomes. In 1942, Charles R. Drew published an article focused on the early recognition and treatment of shock (Drew 1942). In this article, Charles R. Drew discusses the development of blood tests that are useful when dealing with shock and the different stages and causes of shock (Drew 1942). This article also covers in detail the stages of shock and blood tests and the scientists who perfected them, which are important when dealing with patients experiencing shock (Drew 1942). In the article, Charles R. Drew discusses several cases of patients who experienced shock from different causes and how these cases were treated at the hospital where he worked (Drew 1942). Charles R. Drew also describes when and how much blood and plasma should be transfused into patients.
Dr. Charles R. Drew teaching interns and residents during rounds at Freedmen's Hospital in 1947.