Students engage in academic misconduct for many different reasons. Here are the top six reasons to keep in mind as you forge a path toward learning with academic integrity.
Expand each reason by clicking on it for further clarification / advice.
Life can be complicated; students often find themselves spending extra time dealing with medical, work or personal matters that can cause them to fall behind in their school work. Taking shortcuts may seem like a logical/reasonable solution, but it's not! Just don't do it. Instead, seek advice on how to implement the best strategies for school-work-life balance.
Many students experienced a high school or secondary education where collaboration was free and open. Copying from sources was allowed without exception. Helping a colleague to complete their work was encouraged. Working with a partner on an individual assignment was allowed. But at the University of Alberta, many of these learning strategies go too far and are considered a breach of the Student Academic Integrity Policy. Not knowing what is and isn't allowed is not a valid excuse. Students are responsible for understanding what constitutes academic misconduct - read the Student Academic Integrity Policy and "Don’t Do It" document. One of the best ways to get information is to talk to your course instructors and TAs. They can help you understand and follow the complex rules of academic integrity.
Developing good work habits, such as project and time management, organizational skills, note-taking, research skills, etc., takes time and effort. However, students that are successful tend to get their work done in timely and effective ways. Students that fail to master good work habits tend to employ less acceptable strategies that lead to inappropriate academic behaviour. You may think you're saving time, but you're not. Many plagiarizers and cheaters tend to spend just as much time and effort on misconduct strategies than they would have on just doing the work properly in the first place. Not to mention the added time and stress dealing with the misconduct charge and ensuing investigative process ...
Sometimes students feel course material is not critical to their learning goals. Or they get bored / complacent. In other situations, students feel like it's not important because they already know it, will be learning it again in a later course, or it's not worth much relative to the overall course grade. Some students feel they have already covered the material sufficiently in prior courses they've taken. Or, the material is just too hard and seemingly impossible to learn. Each of these scenarios can lead to inappropriate academic behaviour. Remember the big picture and why you've chosen to attend university -- all knowledge and skill development has a place in your future career and life goals. Just because you can't see it in the spur of the moment does not justify engaging in academic misconduct.
Peer pressure isn't confined to high school / secondary school. Even as a university student you may get trapped into following the lead of your colleagues. They may ask you for help and you may feel obligated to provide it to them. Maybe because you feel sorry for them, but also maybe because you're worried you'll lose them as a friend. If you don't do what they ask, and they drop you as a friend as a result, then they weren't really your friend. Good friends don't put you in sticky situations. It also may feel like everyone around you is cutting corners or taking liberties. If they can do it, why can't you? Be careful what you see and hear -- it may not be as accurate as you believe it to be. You need to be aware of what constitutes academic misconduct and ensure you avoid it at all cost.
Sometimes assignment or examination instructions may seem vague or a bit too basic. Sometimes the rules are unclear. In other situations, the rules may be wishy-washy or full of loop holes. You may be given an online exam with no proctoring supports or limitations. Doesn't anything go in a take-home or open book exam? If the assignment isn't specified as to be completed individually, why can't you work with someone else to finish it? If they didn't ask you to put your notes or phone away during an in-person exam, do you really have to? As an adult learner, you should be fully aware of how to complete your education with academic integrity. And your instructors should be able to trust you to complete your work honestly. If there is any uncertainty with the instructions/rules, it's the student's responsibility to get the clarification needed to complete the work ethically and with integrity. Unclear / missing instructions or the absence of proctoring is never a valid reason to engage in academic misconduct.
One of the most common forms of academic misconduct is inappropriate collaboration. Be aware of what constitutes appropriate versus inappropriate collaboration. If you're not sure, ask your instructor or TA.
If work is intended to be completed individually, ensure you complete your work independently unless your instructor has told you explicitly that it is okay to work with others. Working together on an individual assignment in a substantial way increases the chances of the submissions being too similar, leading to suspected academic misconduct.
Strive for meaningful engagement -- avoid collusion, which is when a student helps another engage in academic misconduct. Depending on the assignment, collusion may involve using another student’s work as a guide, submitting their work as your own, completing the questions in tandem, or discussing responses in such detail that both students end up submitting identical or near identical work.
Strive for reciprocal collaboration -- where everyone learns something from the experience (i.e. it is mutually beneficial to all). This often takes the form of discussing a topic verbally, but then turning away from each other to write the answer down in your own voice to reflect your own level of knowledge on the topic.
The internet is a modern marvel; it allows for quick and easy access to so much information and so many fantastic tools. Many instructors encourage students to use this information and these tools to advance your learning. But it's not a free-for-all ... You cannot just use this information and these tools whenever and however you want to.
Your instructor should specify when and how internet resources can be used in their course. If they don't, ask them to provide you with clarification.
As a general rule of thumb, only use the materials provided to you. For example, the course notes, the textbook, the lab manual, and any links or resource lists provided to you as part of the course. And when you do use these approved sources, always remember to cite the source and provide the full reference.
This goes for other resources or tools that may be permitted, too. Always cite the source and provide the full reference. Be honest about when you've used these sources and how you've used them. Ask your instructor in advance. Or in the least, include a note with your assignment explaining what you've used and where/how.
What about Chegg, Course Hero, Studocu, Discord, Github, ChatGPT, DALL-E, Gemini, Copilot, Oracle, Bing, Google Translate, Grammarly, Wolfram Alpha, and other online tools? The best advice would be to assume these tools and others like them are not allowed. Avoid using them UNLESS your instructor has allowed you to use them. And be sure to understand exactly what the rules are. Your instructor may only allow you to use them in certain ways, at certain times, for certain assessments. Ask your instructor if you're not sure.
Remember, you're at the University to gain knowledge and skills that will allow you to become a high-functioning individual that will make important contributions to society. To earn a U of A degree, you need to be able to demonstrate what you've learned and what you can do. You are cheating the system and yourself if you access unauthorized information or use unauthorized tools that don't demonstrate your true level of knowledge and ability.
Kwantlen Polytechnic University (KPU) has done a fantastic job summarizing what student can do to learn with academic integrity. They also provide strategies for avoiding academic misconduct. These tips and strategies are copied below (with modifications to apply to the U of A). Full credit to KPU, though.
Read through this website and other resources.
Read and understand the U of A’s Student Academic Integrity Policy.
Read and understand the "Don’t Do It" document.
Read and understand the "Introduction to Academic Culture" document.
Complete the academic integrity training courses.
Start assignments early so you’re not rushing to finish before the deadline.
Time management is an important way to avoid academic integrity violations.
Check out the workshops and resources available at the Academic Success Centre for help with time management and other skills.
Ask for clarification before you begin.
Some questions to ask:
Do I need to complete this assignment on my own or can I work with a partner or group?
I don’t understand the instructions. Can you please explain them to me?
What reference style should I use for this assignment? How should I cite my sources? How would you like me to give credit to the ideas I find and use that are not my own?
Is this test open or closed book? Can I look at my notes or other materials during the exam?
What tools can I use to complete the assignment? Is using generative artificial intelligence tools (like ChatGPT) acceptable?
Talk to your instructor, lab coordinator, and/or TA if you are struggling or not sure about something.
Attend your instructor’s and/or TA's office hours or send them an email to discuss your situation and find out what kind of help is available.
Check out the resources available at the Academic Success Centre.
Talk to an Academic Advisor (ALES, Engineering, Science).
Check out the wellness supports available on and off campus.
Getting help from student services (ALES, Engineering, Science) is a great way to support your studies and ensure that you are maintaining academic integrity in your work.
Many online services that claim they will provide tutoring or other help are unethical.
Do not use unauthorized course material sharing websites. These companies claim to help students share notes and do homework; however, using answers from these sites and posting exam questions to these sites can be considered cheating. Sharing course materials such as assignment questions with these sites is also a violation of your instructor’s intellectual property and can mean that you are assisting others in cheating. These can all be considered academic integrity violations.
Do not use online tools (calculators, generative AI chatbots, translators, grammar checkers, etc.) unless your instructor has explicitly allowed you to use them. Not sure? Ask!
Use quotation marks for anything you write down that is not in your own words.
Always be clear about which ideas and words are yours and which belong to someone else.
Make sure you take note of page numbers, authors, and other source information.
Follow citation style guidelines.
The Academic Success Centre has workshops that can help you learn more about how to incorporate the ideas of others into your writing.
Check out the library’s website on citations and references or speak to a librarian who can help answer any specific questions you may have about academic integrity and plagiarism; the library also provides guidance on citing generative AI (when its use is approved by the Instructor, of course).
Reference:
Kwantlen Polytechnic University (KPU), Academic Integrity webpage. https://www.kpu.ca/academicintegrity. Accessed 2 Jan. 2024.