Useful for tracking code changes in CS1, CS2, and Functional

Resources

• GitHub Git Cheatsheet

• Dr. Fogarty's Git Writeup

• Git SCM Tutorial

• Visualizing Git

Examples

• git add . add all code changes to current commit

• git commit -m "your commit message" commit the added changes (semi) permanently with your commit message

• git push pushes your commit(s) to GitHub or other remote code server

• git restore . restores all changes by reverting to last commit

• git checkout main switches branch to main if all changes have been tracked

Useful for general debugging and finding infinite loops in Low Level and Data Abstraction (C/C++)

Resources

• man gdb

• info gdb

• GDB Cheat Sheet

• 5min GDB Debugging Tutorial

Examples

• First, compile your program with the debugging flag -g

  • gcc -g -std=c99 my_program.c

  • g++ -g -std=c++11 my_program.cpp

• gdb a.out will start a debugging session for the program a.out

• run in gdb will run the program within gdb until it hits a breakpoint, encounters an error, or completes successfully

• break 7 in gdb will set a breakpoint at line 7

• step in gdb will move to the next line, or into a function called on the current line

• next in gdb will move to the next line without stepping into function calls

• print x in gdb will print the contents of variable x at the current point in the program

Useful for solving segfaults and finding memory leaks in Low Level and Data Abstraction (C/C++)

Resources

• man valgrind

• info valgrind

Examples

• valgrind ./a.out