Vocabulary

Unit 1 Vocabulary Words:

1. celebrity (n.) - a well-known person; someone who is famous; fame 

2. counsel (n.) - opinions or ideas given for a plan of action; a talk that leads to a decision; a lawyer (v.) - to give advice or an opinion; to offer help 

3. demonstrate (v.) - to clearly explain, show or prove with examples, models or experiments; to gather in public to support an opinion or cause. 

4. drowsy (adj.) - ready to fall asleep, sleepy 

5. essential (adj.) - of the highest importance, necessary (n.) - something necessary or very important 

6. hardship (n.) - something that causes suffering or difficulty; a condition that is hard to bear 

7. haul (v.) to move by pulling, dragging or carting, sometimes in a vehicle; to apply force to transport something (n.) - the amount taken or won at one time

8. humble (v.) - low in rank or position; plain, not proud or grand (v.) to take away one's spirit, power, fame or independence 

9. pledge (n.) something, such as money, that is promised for a good cause; a promise to fulfill an agreement (v.) to promise 

10. sincere (adj.) without pretending; with honesty and real feeling 

11. stampede (n.) - a wild rush of animals or people, usually when frightened (v.) to run away or cause to scatter in a wild manner, often in panic; to rush forward together as a crowd. 

12. suitable (adj.) - just right or appropriate; well matched 

Unit 2 Vocabulary Words:

1. sponsor (n.) - one who helps or takes responsibility for another person or group; a person or business that pays for an ad on radio or television (v.) - to act as a sponsor to a group, person or event 

2. annual (n.) - a book or magazine that comes out once a year; a plant that lives or lasts for just one growing season (adj.) - coming each year; once  year; lasting a year

3. stern (adj.) not kindly or gentle; harsh looking (n.) - the back end of a boat 

4. vacant (adj.) - not used, filled or lived in; without thought or expression

5. neglect (n.) - a steady lack of care due to carelessness or laziness  (v.) to hold back care or attention; to fail to follow through

6. portion (n.) - a section or a piece; a part of a whole; a serving of food

7. basic (adj.) - having to do with the main or starting point of something (n.) - key elements or parts 

8. contract (n.) an agreement or understanding that can be enforced by law; a document that explains legal conditions (v.) - to make or grow smaller; to come down with a sickness 

9. recall (v.) - to bring back to mind; to ask to return (n.) the ability or act of remembering

10. competition (n.) - trying to outdo others; a game or a contest 

11. dismiss (v.) - to send away or permit to leave; to remove from a job; to stop thinking about

12. obtain (v.) - to get or gain through some effort

Unit 3 Vocabulary Words:

1. attractive (adj.) - pleasing to the eye, mind or senses; having the power to draw attention

2. burden (n.) - something that is carried, a load; something that is very hard to bear (v.) to weigh down or put to heavy a load on 

3. consent (v.) - to agree to or approve; to give permission (n.) approval or permission 

4. dependable (adj.) - capable of being relied on; trustworthy 

5. indicate (v.) - to point to or point out; to be a sign of; to state or express briefly

6. previous (adj.) - coming before in time or order 

7. qualify (v.) - to be or become fit for something; to limit or narrow the meaning of 

8. response (n.) - a reply or answer; a reaction to something 

9. shabby ( adj.) - worn or faded from use or wear; dressed in worn-out clothes; not fair or generous

10. thaw (v.) - to melt or cause to melt; to warm up gradually (n.) a period of weather warm enough to melt ice and snow

11. urgent (adj.) - needing or demanding immediate action or attention 

12. vanity (n.) - the quality of being stuck up or vain; having to much pride in one's looks or abilities; a dressing table 

Unit 4 Vocabulary Words:

1. ambush (v.) - to make a surprise attack from a hidden place (n.) a surprise attack

2. calculate (v.) - to find out by adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing; to figure out by reason or logic

3. contribute (v.) - to give money, effort or items for a cause; to hand in for publication 

4. dread (v.) - to be afraid; to fear or feel deep worry (n.) deep fear or uneasiness over what may happen

5. employ (v.) - to make use of; to put to work on a job or task for pay 

6. extend (v.) - to stretch out, make or last longer; to give or offer 

7. frantic (adj.) - very excited or upset; marked by fast, wild or nervous action

8. initial (adj.) - beginning or first (n.) the first letter of a name or word (v.) to mark or sign with one's initials 

9. routine (n.) - the regular or fixed way in which a thing is done; an act or skit (adj.) normal, predictable, or commonly done; repeated by habit 

10. stun (v.) - to have a sudden, upsetting effect on the mind or feelings; to shock or daze; to make unable to feel react or think

11. sturdy (adj.) - firmly or solidly built; determined

12. yield (v.) - to give in or give way; to produce or bring forth (n.) the product or amount made or produced 

Unit 5 Vocabulary Words:

1. antique (n.) - an object made long ago; something made in the past (adj.) - from the past; very old 

2. baggage (n.) - suitcases, bags, packages, equipment, or other items travelers, carry; things that get in the way

3. digest (n.) - a shortened version of previously published writings; a magazine that publishes such short versions (v.) to understand or grasp an idea; to break down food within the body for nourishment

4. establish (v.) - to set up, organize, or bring about; to prove beyond doubt 

5. eternal (adj.) - lasting for all time; with no beginning or end; continuing forever; seeming to be endless

6. haste (n.) - speed or quickness of motion; overeager action without caution

7. humid (adj.) - steamy or heavy with moisture; moist or damp

8. lash (v.) - to whip or strike; to scold; to strap down with a rope or cord (n.) a whip; a blow made by or as if by a whip; an eyelash

9. oppose (v.) - to be against, resist, object to; to be in direct contrast with 

10. pioneer (n.) - a person or group that goes first to explore, open, prepare or settle an area; someone who breaks new ground, as in science or ideas. 

11. sensible (adj.) showing or having good judgement or reason; aware of

12. worthy (adj.) having value, importance, or worth; good enough for

Unit 6 Vocabulary Words:

1. blossom (n.) a flower or group of flowers; the state or time of flowering (v.) to have or produce flowers; to develop, open up or appear 

2. collide (v.) to strike against each other with force; to clash 

3. constant (adj.) never stopping; recurring; staying the same; loyal, steady (n.) something that does not change or vary 

4. content (adj.) please with or accepting of; not wanting anything else (n.) an amount that is held or contained; the meaning or subject of 

5. distract (v.) to draw attention to something else, cause to turn aside; to disturb

6. drought (n.) a long time without rain; a prolonged shortage

7. foul (adj.) unpleasant to the sense; dirty or polluted; dishonorable; against the rules of a sport or game; stormy or rainy 

8. noble ( adj.) of high birth or rank; outstanding; of good moral character (n.) someone of high rank or birth 

9. policy (n.) a plan, set of rules, or way to act; a written insurance contract

10. quiver (n.) a case used to hold arrows; a trembling motion (v.) to shake or tremble

11. slight (adj.) small in size or degree; not much; not important (v.) to treat as unimportant; to make light of (n.) an act of neglect or discourtesy

12. tidy (adj.) neat and in good order, comfortable or large in amount (v.) to put things in neat or proper order 

Unit 7 Vocabulary Words:

1. accurate (adj.) without errors, completely correct; conforming to the truth

2. alert (adj.) watchful and ready to act; quick to understand and act (n.) readiness, an alarm; a time when an alarm is in effect (v.) to warn or make aware of

3. ancestor (n.) a family member who lived in an earlier time

4. disaster (n.) a terrible event that brings great damage or suffering; a great loss. 

5. elementary (adj.) related to the simplest or beginning level of something 

6. envy (n.) resentment for what someone has; a person or object that is envied

7. epidemic (adj.) spreading to a very large group at the same time; contagious (n.) a rapid, widespread outbreak of disease

8. feeble (adj.) having little strength or force; without energy or authority

9. penetrate (v.) to enter or force a way through or into; to see into

10. romp (n.) spirited, carefree, or noisy fun; something that suggests merry play (v.) to run or play in a lively or carefree way; to win easily.

11. staple (n.) a U-shaped wire that fastens material by piercing and bending; a major product, material, part, or item used regularly (v.) to fasten with staples (adj.) chief, principal; needed or used regularly

12. survive (v.) to stay alive or continue to exist; to keep going; to live longer than. 

Unit 8 Vocabulary Words:

1. awkward (adj.) not skillful or graceful, hard to handle; embarrassing 

2. clatter (v.) to make short, sharp sounds by rattling or banging together (n.) a hard, rattling sound; busy excitement; noisy chattering 

3. gallant (adj.) showy in appearance; brave; showing courtesy; very attentive to (n.) a fashionable young gentleman; a suitor

4. lukewarm (adj.) only moderately warm; not hot but not cold; without enthusiasm 

5. plentiful (adj.) in great supply, easily available; more than enough 

6. ration (n.) a portion of food for one meal or one day; food or supplies; a share 

7. reserve (v.) to hold back or set aside; to save for future use (n.) something set aside for a certain purpose; something store for later use

8. scholar (n.) a learned person; an expert in a field of study; someone who studies with a teacher; a student who gets a gift of money to pay for education 

9. smolder (v.) to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show pent up feelings 

10. trudge (v.) to walk or march slowly and with difficulty or tiredness (n.) a long, tiring walk

11. volunteer (n.) a person who chooses to join or do a service; someone who gives time or effort without pay 

12. weary (adj.) feeling tired, worn out; having no more patience (v.) to make tired; to grow tired