Brief list of topics to be covered

• Mechanical and Electrical Waves and Oscillations
• Interference, Diffraction, Polarization of light
• Electromagnetism - Maxwell’s Equations
• Quantum Physics – Uncertainty Principle, Schrodinger's Equations, Wave function
• Crystallography – Lattice Structures
• Band Theory – Conductor, Insulator, Semiconductor
• Laser Theory and Properties – Einstein’s Coefficients, Coherence, Optical Fiber
• Thermodynamics – Basics Laws, Entropy, thermodynamic processes

Detail Syllabus

L-3 T-1 P-0 Cr-3.5

Oscillation: Periodic motion-simple harmonic motion-characteristics of simple harmonic motion-vibration of simple spring mass system. Resonance-definition., damped harmonic oscillator – heavy, critical and light damping, energy decay in a damped harmonic oscillator, quality factor, forced mechanical and electrical oscillators.

Basic Idea of Electromagnetism: Continuity equation for current densities, Maxwell’s equation in vacuum and non-conducting medium.nd irreversible processes.

Interference-Principle of superposition-young’s experiment, Theory of interference fringes-types of interference-Fresnel’s prism-Newton’s rings,

Diffraction-Two kinds of diffraction-Difference between interference and diffraction-Fresnel’s half period zone and zone plate-Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit-plane diffraction grating.

Polarization of light: Polarization - Concept of production of polarized beam of light from two SHM acting at right angle; plane, elliptical and circularly polarized light, Brewster’s law, double refraction.

Quantum Mechanics: Introduction - Planck’s quantum theory- Matter waves, de-Broglie wavelength, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle, time independent and time dependent Schrödinger’s wave equation, Physical significance of wave function, Particle in a one dimensional potential box, Heisenberg Picture.

Crystallography: Basic terms-types of crystal systems, Bravais lattices, miller indices, d spacing, Atomic packing factor for SC, BCC, FCC and HCP structures.

Semiconductor Physics: Conductor, Semiconductor and Insulator; Basic concept of Band theory.

Laser and Fiber optics: Einstein’s theory of matter radiation interaction and A and B coefficients; amplification of light by population inversion, different types of lasers: Ruby Laser, CO2 and Neodymium lasers; Properties of laser beams: mono-chromaticity, coherence, directionality and brightness, laser speckles, applications of lasers in engineering. Fiber optics and Applications, Types of optical fibers.

Thermodynamics: Zeroth law of thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, brief discussion on application of 1st law, second law of thermodynamics and concept of Engine, entropy, change in entropy in reversible and irreversible processes.

Laboratory

1. Magnetic field along the axis of current carrying coil – Stewart and Gee
2. Determination of Hall coefficient of semi-conductor
3. Determination of Plank constant
4. Determination of wave length of light by Laser diffraction method
5. Determination of wave length of light by Newton’s Ring method
6. Determination of laser and optical fiber parameters
7. Determination of Stefan’s Constant.

Course learning outcomes:

After the completion of the course the student will be able to:

1. Understand the concepts of waves and oscillations and their properties in mechanical and electrical components.
2. Demonstrate interference, diffraction and polarization of light.
3. Explain the working principle of Lasers.
4. Understand the concepts of wave function in quantum physics and solve problems using Schrodinger’s equation.
5. Explain the working of an Engine and how entropy is related to the evolution of thermodynamic processes
6. Perform an experiment, collect data, tabulate and report them and interpret the results with error analysis.

Recommended Books:

1. Concepts of Modern Physics, (Fifth Edition) A Beiser, McGraw Hill International.
2. Fundamentals of Physics, David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Wileyplus, 10^th Edition (2015)

Reference Book (author, title, publisher and year):

• Optics, (Fifth Edition) Ajoy Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill.
• Sears & Zemansky University Physics, Addison-Wesley.
• Fundamentals of Optics, (Third Edition) Jenkins and White, McGraw-Hill.