Study Guide for Acids and Bases

Periodic Table

🎯

Know the periodic table is made up of elements.

✍

Ion: Atom that has gained or lost electrons.

Proton: Neutral charge

Neutron: No charge

Electron: Negative charge; 1/2000 of a proton

Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom

👨🏻‍💻

Periodic Table interactive |

🎯

Understand about the link between the physical properties of elements and their uses

✍

👨🏻‍💻

Bling time task (click to make a copy)

Atomic structure

🎯

Know that matter is made up of particles called atoms.

Know that Scientists use models to show the relationship of protons, electrons and neutrons within atoms.

✍

atoms - smallest indivisible part of matter*

👨🏻‍💻

History of the atom | Atomic structure | Web tutorial “How big are these things called atoms”

Scale of the universe - online interactive | Size of an atom - TED Ed video |

Atomic structure: electrons, protons and neutrons

🎯

Know the charges of the sub-atomic particles and that the protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus and the electrons are arranged in a series of shells that orbit the nucleus.

Know that the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons and the mass number is equal to the number of protons and neutrons.

✍

• 
  protons are +ve, electrons are -ve and neutrons are neutral.

• atomic number relates to the number of protons in an atom, whilst the mass number is the protons and neutrons.

• periods relate to the number of shells and the group to the number of valence electrons

👨🏻‍💻

Build an atom - interactive | Isotopes - interactive

Ion formation and compounds

🎯

Know that ions are formed by the gain or loss of electrons

✍

the overall charge in an atom is balanced (electrons = protons)

cations and anions form from the gain and loss of electrons.

👨🏻‍💻

What are ions

🎯

Know the relationship between the group number and the number of outer electrons

Know that ions attract to form ionic compounds

✍

the location on the periodic table indicates the charge of the ion that forms (e.g. group 1 = +1, group 2 = +2 etc)

that +ve and -ve ions attract to form compounds

👨🏻‍💻

Ion simulator

Word equations

🎯

Write simple word equations

✍

e.g Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water

👨🏻‍💻

Acids and bases

🎯

Know the names and formulae for common acids and bases - their physical and chemical properties, uses , names and symbols

✍

• 
  know the three strong acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) and strong bases (KOH and NaOH).

• there are other acids and bases and that some are considered weak (NH3, CH3COOH, Na2CO3 etc).

• Please make sure you do not confuse concentration with strength when talking about acids and bases (concentration is the amount of acid/base particles present whilst strength is the degree that acids donate H+ ions and bases accept H+ions).

👨🏻‍💻

Acids, Bases & pH

pH scale

🎯

Understand that the pH scale measures level of acidity and alkalinity and describe solutions as acidic, alkaline or neutral in terms of the pH scale

Be able to test substances with indicators to determine whether they are acid, base or neutral

✍

an indicator is used to identify and sometimes measure the acidity/alkalinity of a substance

the lower the pH the more H+ ions and the higher the pH the more OH- ions (no need for ratios)

👨🏻‍💻

pH scale - Interactive

Neutralisation reactions

🎯

Understand that during neutralisation reactions, hydrogen ions combine with hydroxide ions to form water.

✍

👨🏻‍💻

Acid reactions

🎯

Know the properties of acids with regard to their reactions with metals and carbonates.

✍

👨🏻‍💻

🎯

Test for the products of the reactions of acids with metals and metal carbonates.

✍

👨🏻‍💻

General Resources

SciPad Chapter on Acids and Bases (.pdf)

Revision diagram

No Brain too small Acid and Bases revision notes

No Brain too small Chemical reaction notes

Liocas EM Youtube playlist on the atom