Simulation Research
The construction industry needs controlled scientific experimentation to understand how to optimize productivity, but this level of experimentation is hindered by complications and confounding variables. However, the cost associated with creating a full-scale duplicate project to serve as a control is usually prohibitive. To address this need, those researching lean construction have turned to participatory simulations to mimic construction management methodologies at a manageable, cost-effective scale that lends itself to quantification and a level of certainty that comes with scientifically controlled experimentation.
An added benefit of these types of simulations is that--if they are designed well and are also enjoyable to play--they double as powerful and effective educational tools.
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Administering and Playing Lean Simulations Online
At Texas A&M, I have been leading a global effort to collaboratively develop and test lean simulations that can be played fully-online. APLSO (Administering and Playing Lean Simulations Online) emerged following the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, includes over 100 academics and practitioners, and meets on-line the first Monday of every month. Academic research participants are affiliated with 40 universities from 17 countries worldwide, as well as members from industry who actively use serious games and simulation to enhance their organization's productivity.
APLSO started on March 30, 2020 with 15 members. We meet the first Monday of every month from 11-12:30 pm CT and collectively have developed over twenty new on-line simulations. We now have 115 members from 40 universities worldwide.
Videos About Our Simulation Research
TEDx: Seeking Truth: The Luminous Power of Serious Games & Simulation
Simulations to Reduce Waste and Add Value at The Construction Job Site
Lean Simulations
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Value Stream Mapping Simulation
Related Paper (click to access):
Arefazar, Y. & Rybkowski, Z. K. 2022, 'Developing & Testing a Value Stream Map Simulation: Helping the Construction Industry Learn to See' In: Proc. 30th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC). Edmonton, Canada, 27-29 Jul 2022. pp 342-353.
Value Stream Mapping Simulation (Click here to access the video)
Spaghetti Kitchen Online Game
Spaghetti Kitchen Online Game | Experimental Version (Click here to access the game)
Spaghetti Kitchen Online Game | Control Version (Click here to access the game)
Spaghetti Kitchen Online Game | Rules & Instructions (Click here to access the video)
Target Value Design Simulation
Related Paper (click to access):
Rybkowski, Z. K., Munankami, M., Shepley, M. M., and Fernández-Solis, J. L. (2016). “Development and testing of a lean simulation to illustrate key principles of Target Value Design: A first run study.” Proceedings of the 24thannual conference of the International Group for Lean Construction; July 20-22, 2016: Boston, MA, Sect. 4 pp. 133–142.
Collective Kaizen & Standardization Simulation
Related Papers (click to access):
Lego™ Airplane Simulation
Related Papers (click to access):
Rybkowski, Z. K., Wong, J.-M., Ballard, G. and Tommelein, I. D. (2008). “Using controlled experiments to calibrate computer models: the Airplane Game as a lean simulation exercise.” Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, Manchester, UK, July 16-18, 309-319.
Rybkowski, Z. K., Zhou, X., Lavy, S. and Fernández-Solís, J. (2012). “Investigation into the nature of productivity gains observed during the Airplane Game lean simulation,” Lean Construction Journal, 78-90; ISSN: 1555-1369; 48% acceptance rate since journal founded in 2003.
Cocktail Napkin Exercise
Examples of cocktail napkin sketches by participants, Cynthia Tsao (left), and Fritz Gehbauer (right)
Related Paper (click to access):