Life in Poland

Minsk Maziowiecki, Poland

Minsk Maziowiecki is a town in Eastern Poland, about 25 miles west of the center of Warsaw. In the early 1900s when Millie was growing up, Minsk was a small shtetl: a Jewish town or village in Eastern Europe. However, with the rise of communism in nearby Russia and vast religious persecution, many Jews, like Millie, searched for an escape. Minsk was under Russian control for a brief period in 1920 during the Polish-Bolshevik War and, later, was controlled by the Nazis during World War II. By this point, few Jews remained, and those who did were confined in the walls of the Minsk Ghetto.

Interactive map of Minsk Maziowiecki and surrounding area

Soldiers lined up along a main street in Minsk Maziowiecki, 1919

Growing Up

For her few years spent in Poland, my great grandmother could recall only a handful of memories, but those she did remember are surprisingly detailed. Millie lived in a one-room home heated solely by a small white tile stove in the corner and had no indoor plumbing whatsoever. Her father, who was a blacksmith, had a forgery near the home. She vividly recalls "the feel of the hard packed dirt under my feet and the noise of the anvil." Another core memory of her childhood was going into town and buying small paper cones of ice cream, which she remembers fondly: "Perhaps because it was the only sweet thing I remember having, that has made this confection so unforgettable to me." In stark contrast to the sweetness of the ice cream, Grandma Millie wrote the following about the Russian presence in Minsk Maziowiecki – a confusing and dangerous situation for a young child – in a brief autobiography:

"On Sundays, all the church bells would ring and I knew that it was time to climb the fence outside and watch. Not too far from the soldier garrison, it was set in a large meadow surrounded by trees. On Sundays, the entire garrison would assemble in the meadow and gallop past our house. I remember the sparkling swords swaying at their sides, bright colored uniforms, cloaks flapping in the breeze and the magnificent horses. Quite a sight for a child! I thought they were wonderful and clapped. Mother made me stop. It was not a good idea to call attention to oneself. Jews were seen but not heard."