Citations

Information Citations

“About the Middle East Women's Initiative.” Wilson Center, 2023, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/about-the-middle-east-womens-initiative.

“Algeria, Elections and Parliament.” Institut MEDEA RSS, https://web.archive.org/web/20161110024130/http://www.medea.be/en/countries/algeria/algeria-elections-and-parliament/.

“Algeria - The Family Code of 1984.” Equality Now, 5 Nov. 2021, https://www.equalitynow.org/discriminatory_law/algeria_the_family_code_of_1984_modified_by_ordinance_no_05_02_of_27_february_2005/.

“Algeria: Government.” GlobalEDGE, Michigan State University, 2023, https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/algeria/government.

“Algerian Pm Has Started Talks to Form New Government.” Al Jazeera, 17 Mar. 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/3/17/algerian-pm-has-started-talks-to-form-new-government.

“Algeria - United States Department of State.” U.S. Department of State, 2 June 2022, https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/algeria/#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20government%20estimates%20the,Muslims%20following%20the%20Maliki%20school.

“Algerian Women Hit the Streets Demanding Equal Rights.” France 24, 8 Mar. 2021, https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210308-algerian-women-hit-the-streets-demanding-equal-rights.

Amrane-Minne, Danièle Djamila and Farida Abu-Haidar. "Women and Politics in Algeria from the War of Independence to Our Day." Research in African Literatures, Vol. 30, No. 3, Autumn, 1999, p. 62-77, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3821017.

La Bataille d'Alger. Pontecorvo, Gillo, Cashbah, September 20th, 1967.

Brett, Michael. “Berber.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 10 Dec. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berber.

Bouagache, Kahina. “Gender Equality in Algeria Requires an Immediate End to Violence against Women.” Wilson Center, 8 Mar. 2021, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/gender-equality-algeria-requires-immediate-end-violence-against-women.

“Constitution of the Republic of Algeria 2020.” UN Women, 2020, https://constitutions.unwomen.org/en/countries/africa/algeria.

“Country Fact Sheet: UN Women Data Hub.” UN Women, 2021, https://data.unwomen.org/country/algeria.

“Delivering on Commitments.” MDG Fund, 2014, http://www.mdgfund.org/node/492.

Diatkine, Anne. “Les Algériens Opposés Au Code De La Famille L'appellent Code De L'infamie.” Libération, 30 Apr. 2005, https://www.liberation.fr/week-end/2005/04/30/les-algeriens-opposes-au-code-de-la-famille-l-appellent-code-de-l-infamie_518269/.

Diwaker, Amar. “The Role of Women in the Algerian Independence Movement.” TRT World, 5 July 2020, https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/the-role-of-women-in-the-algerian-independence-movement-37868.

“Equality Eludes Algerian Women after 50 Years.” Egypt Independent, 20 Mar. 2012, https://egyptindependent.com/equality-eludes-algerian-women-after-50-years/.

Fanon, Frantz. "L'Algérie se dévoile." Sociologie d'une révolution, edited by François Maspero, 1972, p. 18-49.

“Femmes Algériennes Pour Un Changement Vers L'égalité.” El Watan, 21 Mar. 2019, https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/femmes-algeriennes-pour-un-changement-vers-legalite-21-03-2019.

Harize, Ouissal. “Militantes, Étudiantes, Activistes... Ces Femmes Qui Se Sont Battues Pour L'algérie.” Middle East Eye Édition Française, 18 Mar. 2022, https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/actu-et-enquetes/algerie-militantes-etudiantes-activistes-femmes-revolution-combat.

Harbi, Mohammed. Une Vie Debout. Paris, La Découverte, 1962.

Heggoy, Alf Andrew. “On the Evolution of Algerian Women.” African Studies Review, vol. 17, no. 2, Sept. 1974, p. 449. Crossref, doi:10.2307/523644.

Kästle, Klaus. “Hiistory of Algeria.” Nationsonline.org, 2023, https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Algeria-history.htm.

Lazreg, Marnia. The Eloquence of Silence: Algerian Women in Question. Routledge, 1994.

Lazreg, Marnia. "Women and Politics in Algeria; Unraveling the religious paradigm." Signs, vol. 15, no. 4, Summer, 1999, p. 755-780, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174641.

Lebedum, Jackson. “5 Things to Know about Women's Rights in Algeria.” The Borgen Project, 30 Mar. 2022, https://borgenproject.org/womens-rights-in-algeria/.

Leonhardt, Adrienne. "Between Two Jailers: Women's Experience During Colonialism, War, and Independence in Algeria," Anthós, Vol. 5, Iss. 1, Article 5, 2023.

“La Moudjahida Danièle Djamila Amrane Minne S'Est Éteinte.” L'Echo D'Algérie, 12 Feb. 2017, https://www.lechodalgerie.dz/la-moudjahida-daniele-djamila-amrane-minne-sest-eteinte/.

Minces, Juliette. “Algérie´´: Code de la famille, Code de l'infamie.” Après-demain, vol. N1,NF, no. 1, CAIRN, 2007, p. 20. Crossref, doi:10.3917/apdem.001.0020.

Moorehead, Caroline. “A Talk with Simone De Beauvoir.” The New York Times, 2 June 1974, https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/02/archives/a-talk-with-simone-de-beauvoirr-marriage-is-an-alienating.html.

Saleh, Mariam. “Algeria: Enrollment in Tertiary School by Gender.” Statista, 20 Dec. 2022, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1179743/tertiary-school-enrollment-rate-in-algeria-by-gender/.

“She Builds Peace in Algeria: Djazairouna.” International Civil Society Action Network, 25 Feb. 2021, https://icanpeacework.org/2021/02/she-builds-peace-in-algeria/.

Vince, Natalya. "Femmes algériennes dans la guerre de libération : mémoire et contre-mémoire dans la période postcoloniale." Raison Présente, 2010, 79-92.

Vince, Natalya. Our fighting sisters: Nation, memory and gender in Algeria, 1954–2012. Manchester University Press, 2015.

Image Citations

Welcome Page (Ordered top to bottom)

Girls with Algerian flags. Dialna, http://dialna.fr/histoire-les-femmes-algeriennes-et-la-guerre-dindependance-djamila-bouhired/.

Map of Ottoman Empire. Fanack, https://fanack.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/the-coming-of-islam_algeria_ottoman_map.jpg.

Painting of colonial battle. Squarespace, https://fanack.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/the-coming-of-islam_algeria_ottoman_map.jpg.

French Generals Walking at the Algiers Putsch. Wikipedia Commons, 1961, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0d/Algiers_putsch_1961.jpg.

Woman with Flag. Africa News, https://www.africanews.com/2021/03/09/algerian-women-protest-demanding-equal-rights/.

Pre-Colonial Era Page

Swoboda, Rudolf. "Shopping in the Harem." Wikipedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swoboda-shopping_in_harem_mid19th.jpg.

Map of Maghreb Region. VectorStock, https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/map-maghreb-countries-northwest-africa-states-vector-29943930.

(left) Alloula, Malek. "Femmes Arabes." Colonial Harem, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, https://sacredfootsteps.com/2021/03/21/unveiling-the-algerienne-french-colonial-photography/.

(right) Alloula, Malek. "Moorish women on their way to marabout." Colonial Harem, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, https://sacredfootsteps.com/2021/03/21/unveiling-the-algerienne-french-colonial-photography/.

Women with Children. Wikipedia Commons, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Kabyle_mother_and_children.jpg.

Algerian and French soldiers fighting at the Gates of Algiers. Wikipedia Commons, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Fighting_at_the_gates_of_Algiers_1830.jpg.

Colonial Era Page

Women and child walking past French guard. France 24, December 12th, 1960, https://webdoc.france24.com/guerre-algerie-france-temoignages/.

Colonial school children. BBC-SU, 1956, https://histclo.com/schun/country/other/alg/chron/col/is/ca-is.html.

Alloula, Malek. "Moorish Women Taking a Walk." Colonial Harem, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, https://veil.unc.edu/arts/visual-arts/orientalist-photography/colonial-harem/.

Carousel Image #1: Delacroix, Eugène. "Femmes d'Alger dans leur Appartement." Wikipedia Commons, 1834, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Femmes_d%27Alger_dans_leur_appartement%2C_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_INV_3824_-_Q1212737.jpg.

Carousel Image #2: Alloula, Malek. Algerian woman laying on a pillow. Colonial Harem, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, https://www.newyorker.com/books/second-read/colonial-postcards-and-women-as-props-for-war-making.

Wartime Page

Algerian women holding guns. Wikipedia Commons, 1956, https://www.publicbooks.org/women-of-the-algerian-resistance/.

Zohra Drif with French armed guards. Middle East Eye, https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/algeria-women-militants-independence-activists.

Djamilia Bouhired meeting the Egyptian President. Dynamic Africa, https://hayroad.tumblr.com/post/46777496822/dynamicafrica-notable-africans-djamila/amp.

A headshot of Danièle Djamila Amrane-Minne. Le Matin, https://www.lematindz.net/thumb/600x350/r/files/2017/02/danielle-djamila-convertimage_439493889.jpg.

FLN fighters preparing their weapons. TRT World, 1957, https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/the-role-of-women-in-the-algerian-independence-movement-37868.

Picasso, Pablo. "Les Femmes D'Alger." Artsy, 1955, https://www.artsy.net/artwork/pablo-picasso-les-femmes-dalger-version-o.

A New Nation Page

Berrety, Dominique. Man holding flag in car. Getty Images, March 7th, 1962, https://therealnews.com/the-algerian-revolution-60-years-later.

Women protesting. The Gender Security Project, 1980s, https://www.gendersecurityproject.com/post/algeria-s-feminist-fight-for-independence.

Guide of Laws. D.Z. Archives, Oct., 1991, https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/the-role-of-women-in-the-algerian-independence-movement-37868.

Djamila Movie Poster. Archives Numériques du Cinéma Algérien, 1958, https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/the-role-of-women-in-the-algerian-independence-movement-37868.

Modern Day Page

Women with signs. Wallpaper Flare, https://www.wallpaperflare.com/search?wallpaper=algerie.

Women with flag on face. Middle East Eye, 2019, https://www.middleeasteye.net/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/Algeria_Protests_Women_0.jpg?itok=qMi63Jjj.

Graphs displaying statistics. UN Women, 2021, https://data.unwomen.org/country/algeria.

She Builds Peace Campaign poster. International Civil Society Action Network, 2021, https://icanpeacework.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/She-Builds-Peace-in-Algeria-min-1024x1024.jpg.

MDG Achievement Fund logo. MDG Fund, http://www.mdgfund.org/sites/default/files/images/MDG-F%20Coop%20Esp.jpg.

Women protesting the Code de la Famille. Révolution Permanente, 2021, https://www.revolutionpermanente.fr/IMG/arton15812.jpg.

Boudina, Razmi. Women protesting with Algerian flag. Reuters, March 8th, 2020, https://cihrs.org/algeria-european-parliament-calls-for-action-on-human-rights-and-expresses-solidarity-with-demonstrators/?lang=en.