Program Analysis and Design

Station 1:  IPO Station 

Through this learning platform, I have gained an understanding of how to create an IPO form. Clearly understand that IPO represents "INPUT", "Processing", and "OUTPUT" respectively. This step is the first step in writing code, which can help you clarify the idea of the problem and improve the accuracy of coding.

The use of IPO models enables systematic analysis of problems, ensuring consideration of all necessary aspects. Firstly, the input is the required data, such as numerical values entered by the user or data read from a file. When calculating the area of a circle, the input may be the radius of the circle. Then, processing is the step of manipulating the input, such as using formulas Area = =π × r2 to calculate the area of a circle. Finally, the output is the processed result, which can be information displayed on the screen or data saved to a file.

In the second stage, I learned how to write algorithmic pseudocode. Pseudo code is not an actual programming language, but it is very helpful for us to learn programming. Pseudo code allows us to express the logic of a program in a simplified way, using plain language and basic structures, thus focusing more on the algorithm itself without having to worry about the syntax of a specific language. 

By writing pseudocode, we can clearly list the steps of calculation or processing. For example, to calculate the area of a circle, we can write it as follows: first, input the radius (r), then use the formula to calculate the area: area=π * r ^ 2, and finally output the area. This structured approach helps simplify complex problems and makes it easier to understand our ideas. This practice not only cultivates better problem-solving skills, but also lays a solid foundation for writing efficient and error free code in the future.

Station 3: Flowcharting Station

This part of the learning can practice how to draw flowcharts. Ellipses represent start and stop, usually at the first or last of a flowchart. Parallelograms represent inputs or outputs. Rectangle represents arithmetic instructions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The diamond represents a decision point, such as yes/no or true/false. Creating a flowchart can help you clarify your thoughts through simple graphical methods, thus providing better ideas for the final coding.

Using IPO (Input, Processing, Output) tables to analyze problems can bring many benefits compared to just thinking in your mind. Firstly, it can enhance the clarity of thinking. By simplifying complex problems, we can better understand each step. In daily life, whether it's planning a meal, organizing an activity, or solving a problem, breaking down tasks into clear steps can lead to better results. For example, when cooking, I may consider ingredients (inputs), cooking methods (processing), and the final dish (output). This method can help us clarify the overall structure of the program. Secondly, this method helps to detect problems early. Before writing code, we can identify logical errors or omissions by planning steps, thereby reducing the time and effort required for subsequent debugging. Finally, using IPO forms also promotes communication between teams. It provides a clear reference for team members, allowing everyone to understand the ideas and facilitate collaboration.

By contrast, relying solely on mental calculations can easily lead to omissions and confusion, especially when dealing with complex problems. The IPO method encourages us to think systematically, ultimately helping us write more reliable and accurate programs.

The benefits of flowcharts

A flowchart provides a visual way to showcase the process. This is particularly useful for people who enjoy visual learning, as it can clearly display the relationships between different parts of the program. Each step is represented with simple graphics to help us understand the overall logical flow. For example, I used flowcharts in previous group assignments from other classes to plan workflows, which clearly defined each person's responsibilities and schedule. In programming, flowcharts can also detect some errors, correct them in a timely manner, and make the development process smoother.

The benefits of pseudocode

Writing pseudocode focuses on logical structure without worrying about specific syntax issues. This flexibility makes expressing ideas simpler and also facilitates us to repeatedly modify solutions. Pseudo code serves as a bridge between language and actual code, helping us better understand the logic of algorithms. The method I use when dealing with algorithms in mathematics is very similar to this. Before solving mathematical problems, I will first list the steps and then write down the actual process in detail. Pseudo code allows me to plan logic before delving deeper into a programming language.

In short, using flowcharts and pseudocode can deepen my understanding of the problem. This kind of preparation not only reduces errors, but also simplifies the coding process, making it easier for me to translate ideas into actual programs. By integrating these strategies, I have improved my problem-solving skills and prepared myself better for future programming and practical challenges.

0 being “no idea”; 5 being “I feel can confidently do it in any situation”

2 out of 5 - Design solutions to problems visually, using flowcharts

3 out of 5 - Come up with solutions to problems using pseudo-code/algorithms

4 out of 5 - Analyze a problem by breaking it down, using IPO chart

The reason why I have this feeling is because I didn't have the basic knowledge of creating flowcharts before, and it was only after taking this class that I learned it. So I often find it difficult to apply this skill to more complex problems. Although I can manage simple processes, I find it difficult to clearly visualize complex logic and multiple decision points, which sometimes leads to confusion.

In order to improve my ability to draw flowcharts, I plan to practice by doing more questions on a daily basis that require converting instructions into flowcharts. This practical method will help me become more familiar with different types of processes and decision-making paths. In addition, I can view examples of complex flowcharts online to learn how to effectively represent complex processes. Seeking help from classmates or teachers is also valuable as it can provide insights and techniques to improve my flowchart drawing skills.