(ii) Suitable learning theories that align with active learning.

Constructivism

Constructivism's central claim is that through experiences and reflection on those experiences, students build their own knowledge and understanding of the world.

Utilizing Active Learning: Engaging in experiential learning through problem-based learning, project-based learning, and hands-on experimentation enables students to actively build their knowledge. Teachers help students learn by giving them the resources and setting they need to create their own understanding. 

Experiential Learning Theory (ELT)

According to experiential learning theory, learning is a process in which knowledge is formed by transforming experiences. It entails a circular cycle of action, thinking, reflecting, and experiencing.

Utilizing Active Learning: Internships, lab work, role-playing, and simulations all give students practical experience. They can learn more deeply as a result of processing these experiences through reflective activities like journaling or group discussions. 

Problem-based learning (PBL)

The main idea behind problem-based learning (PBL) is that students learn by working through challenging, real-world issues. It promotes critical thinking and self-directed learning.

Utilizing Active Learning: Students tackle challenges in groups, conduct independent study, and realistically apply what they have learned. As a facilitator, the teacher directs the learning process and offers assistance to students as required. 

Connectivism

Connectivism emphasizes the importance of social and technical networks in the process of learning. It sees knowledge as dispersed within a web of relationships.

Utilizing Active Learning: Students interact, share, and work together with others using digital tools and platforms. Collaborative software, social media, and online forums facilitate this networked learning environment.