Instructional Key Areas of Focus & Required Grade Level Fluency

In Kindergarten, instructional time should focus on two critical clusters: (1) representing, relating, and operating on whole numbers, initially with sets of objects; (2) describing shapes and space.

Key Areas of Focus for K‐2: Addition and subtraction ‐ concepts, skills, and problem solving; place value

Required Grade Level Fluency: K.OA.5 Add and subtract within 5.

In Grade 1,instructional time should focus on three critical clusters: (1) developing an understanding of addition, subtraction, and strategies for addition and subtraction within 20; (2) developing an understanding of whole number relationships and place value, including grouping in tens and ones; and (3) developing an understanding of linear measurement and measuring lengths as iterating length units.

Key Areas of Focus for K-2: Addition and subtraction - concepts, skills, and problem solving; place value

Required Grade Level Fluency: 1.OA.6 Add and subtract within 10.

In Grade 2, instructional time should focus on four critical areas: (1) Extending understanding of base-ten notation; (2) building fluency with addition and subtracting; (3) using standard units of measure; and (4) describing and analyzing shapes.

Key Areas of Focus for K-2: Addition and subtraction - concepts, skills, and problem solving; place value.

Required Grade Level Fluency: 2.OA.2 Single-digit sums and differences (sums from memory by end of Grade 2) and 2.NBT.5 Add/subtract within 100.

In Grade 3, instructional time should focus on four critical areas: (1) developing understanding of multiplication and division and strategies for multiplication and division within 100; (2) developing understanding of fractions, especially unit fractions (fractions with numerator 1); (3) developing understanding of the structure of rectangular arrays and of area; and (4) describing and analyzing two-dimensional shapes.

Key Areas of Focus for 3-5: Multiplication and division of whole numbers and fractions - concepts, skills and problem solving.

Required Grade Level Fluency: 3.OA.7 Multiply and divide within 100 (Single-digit products and quotients by memory by end of Grade 3) and 3.NBT.2 Add and subtract within 1000.

In Grade 4, instructional time should focus on three critical areas: (1) developing understanding and fluency with multi-digit multiplication, and developing understanding of dividing to find quotients involving multi-digit dividends; (2) developing an understanding of fraction equivalence, addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators, and multiplication of fractions by whole numbers; and (3) understanding that geometric figures can be analyzed and classified based on their properties, such as having parallel sides, perpendicular sides, particular angle measures, and symmetry.

Key Areas of Focus for 3-5: Multiplication and division of whole numbers and fractions - concepts, skills and problem solving

Required Grade Level Fluency: 4.NBT.4 Add/subtract within 1,000,000

In Grade 5, instructional time should focus on three critical areas: (1) developing fluency with addition and subtraction of fractions, and developing understanding of the multiplication of fractions and of division of fractions in limited cases (unit fractions divided by whole numbers and whole numbers divided by unit fractions); (2) extending division to two-digit divisors, integrating decimal fractions into the place value system and developing understanding of operations with decimals to hundredths, and developing fluency with whole number and decimal operations; and (3) developing understanding of volume.

Key Areas of Focus for 3-5: Multiplication and division of whole numbers and fractions concepts, skills and problem solving.

Required Grade Level Fluency: 5.NBT.5 Multi-digit multiplication