Mass and Inertia are related, since according to the second law, a heavy object is more difficult to move, which acts like a resistance to change an object's motion.
For example, if a heavy truck that is cruising at a stable 22 mph hits a pole, the pole will exert a force equal to the truck because of the third law, and the truck is slowed down to because of the collision, the driver floors the gas pedal and reaches 30 mph unable to go past the limit due to the truck's weight. In the meantime a sedan passes him going 35 mph, the driver is coasting with little gas pedal input, representing the second law, and the first law since there is a resistance to change along with the truck needing full gas input to go 30 mph, the second law.
Newton's three laws of motion are:
Inertia
F=MxA
The law of action and reaction
These laws state various factors an object can experience, like resistance, force, movement, and how these work.
Interia, is an object's resistance to change it's motion.
Figure 1.0
Newton's second law of motion is that the more forced applied to an object, the more it will accelerate. The second law also states that a heavier object is more difficult to move than a lighter one. It's equation is the object's mass times it's acceleration (f=mxa) If an object's mass starts to increase with the same force, the object's acceleration will slow due to the extra weight (see figure 1.0)