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Newton's second law
Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object depends on the force applied and the mass of the object. The equation, F=MA means that the force required to move an object at a designated speed can be found by multiplying that acceleration value and the mass of the object itself. The more force applied to an equally-massed object, the quicker it will accelerate. The same force applied to a heavier-massed object will see less acceleration as the mass increases.
Newton's first law
Newton's first law states that an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest. This is called inertia, an object's tendency to stay in its state and direction of motion.
Newton's second law
Newton's second law of motion states that an object's acceleration is directly dependent on the net force applied to it, and inversely dependent on the mass of the object itself. This means that the more mass an object has, the more force is required to move it at a given acceleration.
Newton's third law
Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever a force is applied to an object, an action-reaction pair pushes the object forward, and the object pushes the surface backward.
Mass and inertia are related because the more mass an object has, the more inertia it generates in turn. This is because of Newton's second law, where it takes more reaction forces to stop the inertia of the object from keeping it in motion.
The swimmer example is an example of all three forces in play. The inertia of the swimmer keeps her moving forward through the water, where she has to apply force to her Mass to accelerate through the water. In her acceleration through the water, she pushes water back with her hands, and the water pushes her forward, accelerating her.
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