Newton's 2nd law of motion states that an objects acceleration depends on both the force applied to it and the mass. The equation for this law is F = ma. It means that force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. If you use more force on an object, the acceleration speeds up. If mass increases but the force stays the same, the acceleration slows down.

Newton's first law of motion is called The Law of Inertia, Newton's second law is called The Law of Acceleration, and Newton's third law is called The Law of Action-Reaction. His first law states that an object will remain at rest or motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it. The second law states that acceleration depends on force and mass. The third law states for every action, there is an equal and opposite action. Inertia is the resistance an object has to motion. Mass and inertia are related because the inertia can depend on the mass. A good example that can relate to all three laws of motion is somebody jumping off of a skateboard. The skateboard would stay still at first and then move once the person jumps off, relating to the first law of motion. The skateboard would accelerate, due to the force of the person jumping off of it which relates to the second law. Finally, the skateboard would shoot backwards due to the person jumping off of it, therefore relating to the third law.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum is the entire range of waves. Scientists use the EM spectrum many ways, one of them being to classify the different types of waves. Amplitude is the height from its resting point to its highest or lowest point. Frequency is the number of waves that pass per second. A wavelength is the distance between the two highest points of a wave. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths, and gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths. Wavelengths are related to energy because shorter wavelengths have more energy, while longer wavelengths have less energy. Gamma rays have the highest energy, and radio waves have the lowest energy.