Algae as biological indicators in lakes treated with alum and an acidic lake
Students: Alincy Her, Public Health ‘27, Kajsa Schultz Bakke, Biology ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Paula Furey, PhD
Dissecting the role of environmental factors on root growth movements in Arabidopsis seedlings
Students: Nora Hoen, Chemistry: Biochemistry ‘29, Karma Mecey-Hill, Biology ‘29
Faculty Mentor: Rahul Roy, PhD
Chemistry
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Earth-Abundant Photoluminescent Materials
Students: Maggie Lewandowski, Biology ‘27, Suze Schoute, Chemistry ‘28
Faculty Mentor: Daron Janzen, PhD
Students: Diah Brooks, Chemistry: Biochemistry ‘27, Katherine Grossman, Chemistry ‘28, Anna Marie Millard, Chemistry ‘28
Faculty Mentor: Kayla Lantz, PhD
Data Science
Longitudinal Analysis of Stressors and Burnout Among Healthcare Workers Using Machine Learning and Sentiment Analysis
Students: Emma Holden, Psychology ‘27, Jennifer Yang, Data Science ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Bethlehem Gronneberg, PhD
Economics and Political Science
Aging, Money, and Well-Being: Evidence and Implications for Health Policy
Students: Reka Suranyi, Economics ‘27, Sarah Wangen, Exercise and Sport Science ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Lacey Chu, PhD
Welcoming the Dear Neighbor? Economics Team
Students: Julia Johnson, Political Science ‘26, Nellie Larson, Mathematics ‘28, Samantha Schroeder, Public Policy ‘28, Leslie Varela, Economics ‘26
Faculty Mentors: Kristine West, PhD, Ashley McFarlane, PhD
How Technology-Facilitated Violence Impacts Women’s Legal Participation
Students: Eleanor Lightfield, Political Science ‘28, Thu Nguyen, Philosophy ‘28
Faculty Mentor: Deep Shikha, PhD
Exercise and Sport Science
Growing up by the book: Revising the health stories of adolescence
Students: Katie McKay, Applied Science in Exercise Science ‘27, Lily Peper, Exercise and Sport Science ‘27, Cecilia Purfeerst, Exercise and Sport Science ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Busanich, PhD
Fashion Design and Merchandising
House of Worth Afternoon Dress
Students: Cody Kramer, Fashion Design ‘27, Jessica Manion, Fashion Design ‘28
Faculty Mentor: Carol Mager, MS
Surgeon General’s Warning: This Purchase May Cause Harm
Student: Nora Crayford, Fashion Design ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Emily Worrall, PhD
History
“Welcoming the Dear Neighbor?” Mapping/Ripples in Time: The College of St. Catherine and the St. Paul Human Rights Commission, c. 1960s
Student: Alisa Vang, Sonography ‘28
Mentor: Rachel Neiwert, PhD
Nursing
The Rural Pulse of Minnesota: Holistic Nursing Perspectives on Staffing, Policy, and Health Outcomes
Students: Aisha Sheikhibrahim, Nursing ‘28, Sabrin Yusuf, Nursing ‘28
Faculty Mentor: Sara Rippie, DNP, MSN, BAN, RNC-OB, AHN-BC
Physical Therapy
A “Fair” Approach to Characterizing Health and Fitness in Minnesota
Students: Jordyn Grotbo, Applied Science in Exercise Science ‘27, Kate McKeown, Applied Science in Exercise Science ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Steve Elmer, PhD
Bridging the Gap: Advancing PT-PTA and Health Science Collaboration Through Research
Student: Courtney Crouch, Physical Therapist Assistant ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Erin Schumacher, PT, DPT, EdD
Physics and Mathematics
Launching into physics: Atmospheric ballooning and rocket engineering
Students: Mary Gurka, Mathematics ‘28, Abigail Lee Williams, Mathematics ‘28, Anna Wigren, Chemistry: Biochemistry ‘27
Faculty Mentors: Erick Agrimson, MS, Alex Yuschik, PhD
Psychology
The St. Catherine University Cookbook Research Project on Food, Culture, and Community
Students: Danae Heffron, Psychology ‘29, Veronique Kolibe-Gnamikou, Psychology ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Anaya Mitra, PhD, MPH
Parents of Adult Children Experiencing Psychosis
Students: Elianna Johnson, Psychology ‘27, Maddie Ruddy, Psychology ‘28
Faculty Mentor: Anne Williams-Wengerd, PhD, MA, LP
Public Health
Effects of a best possible self-visualization exercise on college students’ well-being: A mixed-methods pilot study
Students: Liva Dill, Public Health: Public Policy ‘28, Lydia Roseth, Public Health: Health Sciences ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Angela Ekwonye, PhD, CPH
Social Work / Master of Social Work (MSW)
An exploration of legal conviction related to political protest as a barrier to social work licensure in the U.S.
Student: Jory Braham, Social Work ‘28
Faculty Mentor: Sharyn Dezelar, PhD
Food acculturation patterns and diabetes-related health risks among East African Immigrants
Student: Muna Shidane, International Studies ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Habiba Ibrahim, PhD
The Mental Health of Children of Immigrants
Student: Kat Nguyen, Business Administration ‘26
Faculty Mentor: Sloan Okrey Anderson, PhD, MSW, LGSW
Sociology
Students: Sara Campbell, Health Science - Pre-Nursing ‘29, Hazel Fang, Sociology ‘27
Faculty Mentor: Aisha Upton Azzam, PhD
(From left) Anaya Mitra, PhD, associate professor of psychology, poses with students Veronique Kolibe-Gnamikou ’27 (psychology) and Danae Heffron ’29 (psychology) in front of their project: The St. Catherine University Cookbook Research Project on Food, Culture, and Community.
On July 31, St. Catherine University students, faculty, staff, and community members came together in Rauenhorst Ballroom for the 2026 Summer Scholars Closing Celebration. Click here to read the full newswire celebrating the event!
By: Suze Schoute
When people think about massive chemical factories, they often think about the negative side of things: the dumping of waste in nearby lakes and rivers, and of course the big hazardous waste containers. It’s true, traditional chemical syntheses often create a significant amount of waste. To address this issue, our research uses Green Chemistry to reduce the environmental impact. Specifically, through mechanochemistry, microwave assisted syntheses, and using earth abundant compounds.
Mechanochemistry uses mechanical forces to drive a chemical reaction forward, which reduces liquid waste. Microwave radiation reduces the reaction time as well as energy consumption, and the earth-abundant compounds reduce cost. During my research I have synthesized imines, which have the ability to (potentially) inhibit cancer cells, as well as boron-imine compounds, which can be used for photoluminescent dyes. My role within my research is to set up a reaction, synthesize the target compound, and analyze the product to confirm its purity. A major highlight within my research is the ability of my compounds to grow crystals, despite the purity of some of my samples. Using the X-ray diffractometer, you can get a structure with the bond angles from just a single crystal, which I think is pretty cool and magical! On the other hand, working with the boron compound proved challenging, as it is sensitive to air and moisture. This caused one of my boron-imine compounds to be largely impure due to byproducts.
A crystal of one of my boron-imine compounds in the X-ray diffractometer with its structure next to it.
By: Alincy Her
The word “algae” may seem familiar to you–maybe you heard it mentioned in the news or in a biology-related class. Let’s remind ourselves what algae are exactly. Algae are a large, diverse group of predominantly aquatic, photosynthetic organisms. They can be small, living on rocks in a river, or large like seaweeds living in the ocean. One special group of algae called diatoms has cells with a protective ‘glass’ (silica) case, and the presence of different species can reveal the water quality of an entire aquatic ecosystem.
Among the diatoms, species in the genus Eunotia act as bioindicators for different pH levels. Too little Eunotia? The water body is basic. Too many Eunotia? The water body is acidic. In particular, Eunotia thrive in more acidic water bodies, like bogs and wetlands, as these are often rich in complex organic carbon molecules.
Eunotia are unique among diatoms as each end of the cell has a short raphe, a structure that provides diatoms with some motility. In Eunotia, the raphe can curve to help the diatom flip and turn (Furey, 2010). This research focuses on the biodiversity of Eunotia in an artificial water reservoir, Big Creek Lake, in Mobile County, Alabama. It is a slightly acidic water body with a low ion concentration. Dr. Lynn A. Brant, University of Northern Iowa, collected samples from Big Creek Lake periodically from 2019 to 2025. Looking at the samples under a light microscope revealed that this site has a high diversity of this acid-indicating diatom. For my research, I am helping to explore the diversity of some of these Eunotia species!
Each day I spend time on a light microscope taking clear, consistent images of these microscopic organisms (Fig. 1). I observe, measure, and document their structures to help me organize them into groups with similar features. It has taken me time to learn and recognize the patterns of the structures present in different Eunotia species, especially because many look so similar!! There are subtle but important differences, though. For example, one species has broad, rounded ends (Fig. 2.1) and another has more pointed ends (Fig. 2.3–2.3). These differences in morphology will help me identify who they are. As a part of this research process, I have learned microscopy skills, as well as the importance of data management in research
The imaging and identification of Eunotia play a crucial role in documenting the diversity of not just Eunotia but diatoms across North America. The overall aim is to be able to provide accurate information on diatom diversity, identification, ecology, and geographic distribution because the inconsistent taxonomy of diatoms has led to an inaccurate assessment of water quality in water bodies across North America (Spaulding et al., 2021).
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Sources
Diatoms of North America
Eunotia mobileensis sp. Nov. (Bacillariophyceae)
Figure 2: 1–3. Variations in two Eunotia species. (1) Species A with broad rounded ends and a prominent bump in the middle, (2–3) Species B with more pointed ends and only a slight bump in the middle on one side.
We’ve all been there: scrolling through a website, spotting a trendy top for the price of a coffee, and hitting "add to cart." It feels like a steal. But the truth behind fast fashion, clothing that is rapidly mass-produced to mimic high-end trends at rock-bottom prices, is that someone, somewhere, is paying the ultimate price.
When a brand sells a garment for next to nothing, they aren't losing money. They are just passing the true cost down the line.
If you are looking to build a wardrobe you can actually feel good about, here are four eye-opening reasons to step away from the fast fashion cycle, plus a look at how experts are trying to change the way we shop.
The Human Cost: Sweatshop Labor
The majority of fast fashion is built by underpaid, overworked factory workers. Take Bangladesh, one of the world's largest garment-manufacturing hubs. Because government regulations are incredibly loose, many workers are paid less than $2.00 a day, a wage that makes it impossible to afford basic nutrition, safe housing, or proper healthcare. The everyday reality for these workers involves cramped, dangerously hot, and dusty factories.
Exploiting the Most Vulnerable: Child Labor
In many unregulated factories, child labor is an open secret. Children frequently lie about their age just to secure a spot at a sewing machine to help their families get by. While laws like the Bangladesh Labor Act technically ban children under 14 from working (with a slight exception allowing 12-year-olds to do "light work" for up to 5 hours a day), reality tells a different story. In recent surveys, every single worker aged 14 to 17 reported working well past that 5-hour legal limit, exposing them to severe exploitation during the years they should be in school.
We Are Drowning in Clothes
Globally, brands produce more than 100 billion garments every year. To put that into perspective, that is roughly 190,000 items sold every single minute, or 3,200 every second. We are making enough new clothing for every person on Earth to get 12 brand-new items a year. Because trends change weekly, we toss these clothes just as fast as we buy them. Much of this clothing waste is shipped right back to developing countries, where it piles up in massive landfills right next to local communities, rivers, and oceans.
Hidden Plastics & Environmental Pollution
How are these clothes so cheap? Because they aren't made from natural fibers like cotton or linen, they are made from polyester. In simpler terms, they are made of plastic. The manufacturing process itself dumps toxic chemicals into the waterways that local residents rely on for drinking and bathing. Then, as those cheap clothes sit in landfills for decades, they slowly break down into microplastics. These tiny plastic particles seep into the soil and water, eventually finding their way into the crops we grow and the food we eat.
With the environment and human rights at a breaking point, researchers are looking for hard-hitting regulations to discourage the purchase of unsustainable clothing. This summer, researchers Nora Crayford and Dr. Emily M.S. Worrall from the Department of Fashion Design and Merchandising at St. Catherine University set out to tackle this exact issue. They asked:
How do labels on online apparel product pages influence consumers’ purchasing behavior for fast fashion?
Think about it like the warning labels on cigarette cartons or chemical products. If you were about to click "buy" on a cheap polyester dress and a bold pop-up or label warned you about the sweatshop labor or microplastic pollution associated with that exact item, would you still buy it?
Crayford and Dr. Worrall are collecting data this summer to see if this direct, transparent approach can successfully shift consumer habits. The results could ultimately change online shopping laws and help save our planet and its people.
While we wait to see if policy changes bring warning labels to our favorite shopping apps, you don't have to wait to make a difference. Giving up fast fashion doesn’t mean you have to stop loving style. There are so many incredible, budget-friendly ways to refresh your closet right now.
If you want... Try looking here:
To buy brand new Good On You: Use their website or app to check how ethical and sustainable your favorite brands actually are before you buy.
Rock-bottom prices Thrift shops and garage sales: You get unique pieces for a fraction of retail price.
Completely free clothes Clothing swaps: Gather a few friends, have everyone bring clothes they no longer wear, and trade! You can also borrow for special events.
Unique, vintage vibes Estate sales & antique shops: (Or take a peek in your grandparents' closets for authentic throwback style).
Convenient online shopping Reseller apps: Platforms like Depop, Mercari, and Poshmark let you hunt for specific brands secondhand from your phone.
DIY inspiration Pinterest & Instagram: Look up "upcycling ideas" to learn how to turn an old pair of jeans into a trendy skirt or tote bag.
When you are truly done with a piece of clothing, never throw it in the trash. Look into "Take Back Programs" from circular brands like Patagonia or Eileen Fisher, which recycle old garments. And if you have clothes that are stained or torn beyond repair, look up local textile recyclers (like WearEver Recycling in Minnesota) who can shred the fabric for industrial use instead of letting it rot in a landfill.
Your wallet, the planet, and garment workers around the globe will thank you!
By: students Hazel Fang and Sara Campbell, faculty/mentor Dr. Aisha Upton Azzam
In 2022 the Emmett Till Antilynching Act made lynching a federal hate crime, with a maximum penalty of 30 years in prison. The act is named after Emmett Till, a fourteen year old Black boy that was brutally murdered in Mississippi in 1955. After a five day trial, the killers were acquitted, and there was no conviction for the crime committed. Typically lynching is thought of as a problem with the Jim-Crow south. This is not truly the case, as the Duluth lynching of 1920 shows. On June 15, 1920, a white mob estimated between 1,000 and 10,000 took Elias Clayton, Elmer Jackson, and Isaac McGhie from the Duluth city jail and lynched them. This was a planned event, with people such as Louis Dondino earlier in the day driving around with ropes gathering people to join a “neck-tie party.” After their deaths, Clayton’s, Jackson’s, and McGhie’s bodies were left hanging on a light pole while the community took photos and made postcards of the lynching.
So how do you punish the thousands of community members that come together to commit racial violence and murder? What happens when you count on that community to hold each other accountable? Following the lynching, many members of the NAACP reached out to their colleague the governor of Minnesota Joseph A. A. Burnquist (who was also president of the NAACP St. Paul chapter) wanting to know what was being done to bring any form of justice for the victims. While he assured his colleagues that several indictments of mob members were made, there were ultimately only 3 convictions for rioting. Later in 1921, the Minnesota legislators passed an anti-lynching bill (House File No. 785) that would remove negligent sheriffs from office and have the county pay up to $7,500 to dependents of the lynching victim.
Because of the states’ lack of convictions and punishment for lynch mobs, this made a federal anti-lynching law more urgent and necessary. From 1882 to 2022, 270 anti-lynching bills were introduced to Congress. Senators against anti-lynching legislation that was introduced, such as the Dyer bill (from Missouri Representative Leonidas Dyer), would argue the bills were hurting states’ rights, state independence, or were unconstitutional. Southern senators would eventually develop the tactic of the filibuster to stall all legislation with drawn out debate. All to prevent the passage of federal anti-lynching legislation.
Our research project is looking at anti-lynching legislation on a state and federal level. In researching the legislation, as well as the political and social events of the time, we hope to understand what was preventing federal action against lynching. Many politicians actually went on record
to defend white supremacy in the United States and to stop anti-lynching legislation, showing what was worth more to them than protecting civil rights.
Viewing letters sent to Governor Burnquist at the microfilm station at the Minnesota Historical Society
By: Kat Nguyen
Growing up between two cultures, you can often find yourself in the space between - a symbolic visual of a woman finding herself torn between both. Made by Kat Nguyen in Canva.
Is this normal? Many Vietnamese-American children and young adults have asked themselves questions like, “Why do I feel this way? Am I the only one experiencing this? Why am I not Vietnamese enough or American enough?” Growing up between two cultures often means balancing different expectations, values, and identities. While this experience can be rewarding, it can also create challenges that are rarely discussed openly.
My Summer Scholars research project explores how growing up as the child of Vietnamese immigrants parents shape mental health during childhood and into young adulthood. Specifically, the project examines acculturation which, in simple terms, means the process of navigating two
cultures, and how that experience influences ones’ identity, family, relationships, and overall emotional well-being over time.
Within this project, I am conducting a literature review of research published over the past decade on acculturative stress and the mental health of children of immigrants, most of which are Asian-American specific. I am also interviewing Vietnamese-American young adults to learn about their lived experiences firsthand. By combining existing research with personal narratives, this research will ideally highlight the common themes, challenges, and strengths within the Vietnamese community and encourage conversations about mental health.
This research is especially crucial because mental health remains highly stigmatized in many Vietnamese families. Psychological distress is often viewed as a private, family matter, and mental health may be associated with shame. As Do et. al, 2018 explains, “In Vietnamese culture, mental disorders are often labeled điên (literally translated as “madness”). A điên person and their family are often severely disgraced and consequently they become reluctant to disclose and seek help for mental health problems for fears of rejection.” Because of this stigma, many Vietnamese-Americans may suffer in silence, and their unique experiences can be overlooked in both research and healthcare.
For many children of immigrants, these experiences begin long before adulthood. Most of us find ourselves asking, “why am I translating important documents? Why can’t I play like other kids? Why am I an adult?” While every experience is different, we all share an underlying feeling of growing up too quickly, feeling responsible for supporting our families (some financially, some emotionally, or even both!) while navigating two cultures. At the same time, these experiences often foster resilience, a deep family connection (even with some feeling disconnected), and a desire to give back to the people who sacrificed so much for us.
By giving voice to these lived experiences, this project aims to increase understanding of the mental health challenges faced by children of Vietnamese immigrants while highlighting their resilience. Ultimately, I hope this research encourages more culturally informed healthcare, opens conversations between families, reducing stigma, and helps future generations feel seen, understood, and most importantly, supported.
By: Diah Brooks, Kaso Grossman, Anna Marie Millard
Flash! Bang! Boom! Some materials can undergo an optical phenomenon, called triboluminescence, and emit a visible flash of light after experiencing mechanical stress. These are best seen when smashing crystals in a dark room. A well-known example is Lifesavers Mints—despite occurring accidentally. If you were to chomp on a mint in the dark in front of a mirror, you would likely see a flash of blue light. The emission of light is due to the breaking of the crystal’s chemical bonds, which causes electron excitation and a separation of electrical charges. When these charges recombine, they spark and ionize with surrounding air.
Our team is attempting to replicate this phenomenon deliberately. We will be utilizing several chemicals that differ only in their chirality, a geometric property that consists of three categories: R, S, and racemic (a mixture of R/S). The only difference between R and S molecules is having mirrored 3D geometries that cause them to rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions. We will be comparing all three, as R and S should only emit light under mechanical stress due to how they crystallize. In all, this is important as these materials can be further processed and used for live health monitoring, structural crack detection, and much more.
The light emission of a Lifesavers Mint after being smashed with a Hammer.
Faculty mentors Erick Agrimson, MS, and Alex Yuschik, PhD, with students Abigail Lee Williams, Anna Wigren, and Mary Gurka pose with their atmospheric balloon project
When you were younger, how often did you look up at the stars in wonder? How often did you ask questions about space, flight, and our sky? This summer, our team spent time with high school students from the YWCA interested in physics, mathematics, aerospace engineering, and answering questions about flight.
As a historic women's college, our university has a deep history of empowering women in STEM and pushing against the glass ceiling. Girls Inc./Eureka is an organization focused on giving students, age 11-18, the opportunity to explore science across a multitude of different universities, organizations, and companies. This summer we are pleased to offer our students a focused look at high altitude ballooning through a physics and mathematics based lens. High altitude ballooning has a long history of women being on the forefront of their engineering, with St. Catherine University even possessing items belonging to the famous Jeanette Piccard, the first licensed female balloon pilot in the U.S.
Throughout the six weeks we have with our students, we aim to follow an “earth to space” theme, walking students through all the foundational knowledge of flight and space travel. In our first and second week we focussed on the ground base math and physics needed for lift off, with an introduction to trigonometry, force and mass, and basic wave functions, which they then applied to the construction of their own personal rockets. Weeks three and four expanded upon their rocket experiment and brought us to the topic of reaching up into the atmosphere. After a brief lesson plan overviewing the ideal gas law, an introduction to high altitude ballooning, and the layers of the atmosphere, the students constructed their own solar balloons (tetroons), that achieve lift through a heated core. Armed with all of this knowledge the entire team launched National Weather Service grade balloons of different colors into the atmosphere to track which would achieve the highest altitude and how color absorption affects thermal wake activity in the stratosphere. Weeks five and six finally brought us beyond our own atmosphere and into space, incorporating the ideals of cosmology, spectroscopy, aurora borealis, and how the use of physics and mathematics brought such missions as Artemis II to life.
At the center of these six weeks of exploration is a continuous value of accessibility of science and STEM. The foundation of scientific exploration and accountability rests upon the ideal that everyone has the ability to participate in science. By presenting these six weeks of a high altitude ballooning and physics course, with a lens of a female founded background, we hope to expand the horizons and minds of science a little further.
By: Jordyn Grotbo and Kate McKeown
Jorydn Grotbo offers health and wellness screening at the 2026 Hennepin County Fair
Summer is here, but too many Minnesotans are not moving enough. In fact, 3 out of 4 adults do not get enough weekly exercise. Sitting too much increases the risk of serious health issues like heart disease. Moving your body regularly—by walking, swimming, or even gardening and dancing—is great for your health. It strengthens your immune system and helps you feel better.
Health experts recommend that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week, plus two days of muscle strength training. Staying active is so important that it should be tracked at your yearly checkups, just like blood pressure and body weight are monitored.
This summer, our research team from the Henrietta Schmoll School of Health Science will be visiting local county fairs and the Minnesota State Fair. We are offering free health and wellness tests for our study, "A 'Fair' Approach to Health and Wellness Across Minnesota."
The free screening takes about 20 minutes and includes five fun stations:
Health Intake: A quick health history check.
Muscle Strength: Testing your arm and leg strength.
Walking Speed: Seeing how fast you move.
Heart and Lung Endurance: A short step test for your heart and lungs.
Ball Toss: A simple throwing test.
After the tests, you will see your results. You can talk with our team to see how your values compare to other people your age. This information can help you stay healthy or get extra support if you need it. Our long-term goal is to make these quick health and wellness tests a standard part of regular healthcare visits.
If you are coming to the Minnesota State Fair, come visit us! Look for our team in the Driven to Discovery Building (1367 Cosgrove Street). It will be a “Great Minnesota Get Together’ indeed and you will get your steps in too!
Summer Scholars is made possible by all of the students, faculty, staff, community members, and donors
at St. Kate's, as well as by the following:
Muellerleile Endowed Fund
Absalon Fund
3M
AmeriCorps VISTA
Thank you for all of your support!