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Learning Intentions
Learning Intentions
Describe the roles and importance of DNA
Describe the basic process by which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next
Throughout history, people have asked big questions about "life", such as
Throughout history, people have asked big questions about "life", such as
Why do offspring look like similar to, but not the same as, their parents?
How are these features passed on from one generation to the next?
Why do members of the same species look similar, but with slight differences in attributes such as height, colour, size and shape?
The answer to these questions can be found int he studies of genetics.
Organism, Cell, Chromosome, DAN
Organism, Cell, Chromosome, DAN
Chromosomes are made of a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
A section of DNA that contains the instructions for a particular feature (i.e. your hair colour) is called a gene.
DNA Structure
DNA Structure
Double helix: twist ladder
DNA is made up of a simple repeating unit called nucleotides.
A nucleotide is comprising of a sugar, a phosphate and a base.
The sides of DNA are made up of the sugar and the phosphate.
These sides are linked together by chemicals called nucleotide base.
Four types of nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)
How does DNA give instruction to make protein?
How does DNA give instruction to make protein?
Amino Acids → Proteins → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organisms
Nucleus: DNA lives in here.
Cytoplasm: Amino acids live out there.
Ribosom: A ribosome is a cell organelle. It functions as a micro-machine for making proteins. Ribosomes are composed of special proteins and nucleic acids. The TRANSLATION of information and the Linking of AMINO ACIDS are at the heart of the protein production process.
Chromosome Studies
Chromosome Studies
Cells cultured to produce a karyotype (link)
Karyotypes
Karyotypes
A karyotype is a picture of the chromosomes in a cell, and is used to check for abnormalities (e.g. Down syndrome).
A karyotype is created by staining the chromosomes with dye and photographing them through a microscope, and then cut up and rearranged into matching pairs.
How to sequence the human genome
How to sequence the human genome
Your genome, every human's genome, consists of a unique DNA sequence of A's, T's, C's and G's that tell your cells how to operate. Thanks to technological advances, scientists are now able to know the sequence of letters that makes up an individual genome relatively quickly and inexpensively. Mark J. Kiel takes an in-depth look at the science behind the sequence.
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