Distance: A measure of how far an object has travelled or the amount of space between two objects. Measured in metres (m).
Time: A measure of how long an object has been travelling for. Measured in seconds (s).
Speed: A measure of the rate of motion of an object. The distance covered divided by the time taken. Units are metres per second (ms)
Velocity: Speed in a given direction.
Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity or speed per unit of time. Units are metres per second per second (m s^-2).
Deceleration: The rate of decreasing velocity or speed per unit of time.
Distance-time graph: A graph used to show the distance an object has travelled over a period of time. Can be used to determine the speed of an object.
Speed-time graph: A graph used to show the speed an object has travelled over a period of time. Can be used to calculate the distance an object has travelled.
Force: A push, or a pull, that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, a change in direction, or a change in shape. Measured in newtons (N).
Balanced forces: Occurs when the sum of all forces on an object equals zero and the object's motion does not change it has a constant velocity or is stationary).
Unbalanced forces: Unbalanced forces cause a change in motion in an object because the forces acting on the object are not equal (they do not cancel each other).
Newton: The SI unit for force. Named after Sir Isaac Newton.
Thrust: To push an object in a particular direction.
Mass: The amount of matter contained within an object. Measured in kilograms (kg).
Weight: The force of gravity acting on an object's mass. Measured in newtons (N). Calculated with the formula F = ma (where 'a' is the acceleration due to gravity).
Friction: The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another. It is a force that opposes the movement of an object.
Drag: A force (friction) that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid (a liquid or gas).
Pressure: Force per unit area. Calculated using the formula P = F / A. Measured in newtons per square metre (N m^-2).
Energy: Energy is the ability to do work. Measured in joules (J).
Joule: The SI unit of work or energy. Named after James Joule.
Gravitational potential energy: The energy stored in an object due to its height above Earth. Calculated using the formula. E = mgh. Unit is the joule (J).
Kinetic energy: The energy of an object due to its motion. Calculated using the formula E = 1/2mv^2
Work: When force(s) moves an object, resulting in the transfer of energy to that object. Calculated using formula W = Fd. Measured in joules (J).
Power: The rate of doing work, or the rate of transfer of energy. It is calculated using the formula P = W/t. Measured in watts (W).
Watt: The SI unit of power. Unit = W.