There are a range of attributes that we can measure including length, mass, time, area, angle, and volume. When we measure, we use comparison, specifically, we compare like properties to see which is greater. We can make comparisons using standard or non-standard units of measure and we use mathematical language to describe these.
Conceptual understanding of measurement requires understanding of conservation and transitivity. Conservation requires understanding that when moved or subdivided, an object will retain its size. Transitivity involves understanding that the measures of two objects can be compared to a third object. For example, if object A weighs more than object B, and object B weighs more than object C, then object A will weigh more than object C.
There are key principles related to measurement including that the size of the measurement unit remains the same (including identical units or subdivisions), units are repeated with no gaps or overlaps (iteration), the unit is part of a whole and the measurement is expressed as the total number of units used.