1. Clearly Articulate the Need (Initial Framing)
Purpose: Avoid vague or solution-driven statements.
Write the problem as a need statement, not a fix
✅This: Students lack consistent access to tools that support research and collaboration
❌Not This: We need more technology
Specify:
Who is affected
What is happening
Where and when it occurs
Why it matters
Output: a short, plain-language problem statement (1–2 sentences)
2. Identify the Stakeholders
Purpose: Understand whose perspectives matter.
Consider:
Who experiences the problem directly?
Who is impacted indirectly?
Who has decision-making power?
Who might unintentionally benefit from the problem staying the same?
In schools, this often includes:
Students (by subgroup)
Teachers
Administrators
Families
Community partners
Output: a stakeholder map or list
3. Gather Evidence (Multiple Data Sources)
Purpose: Move beyond assumptions.
Use triangulated evidence, such as:
Quantitative data (achievement data, attendance, behaviour incidents)
Qualitative data (student voice, teacher observations, parent feedback)
Contextual data (demographics, resources, schedules, policies)
Ask:
Output: an evidence summary tied directly to the problem
4. Describe the Current State in Detail
Purpose: Understand what is before imagining what should be.
Document:
Current practices
Existing supports and resources
Constraints (time, funding, staffing, policies)
Variability across classrooms or groups
Avoid judgment—this is about clarity, not blame.
Output: a factual snapshot of the current reality
5. Analyze Root Causes (Not Just Symptoms)
Purpose: Prevent surface-level fixes.
Common tools:
Consider causes across multiple layers:
Ask:
Output: a prioritized list of root causes
6. Examine Equity and Impact
Purpose: Ensure the analysis does not unintentionally reproduce harm.
Ask:
Who is most affected by this problem?
Who is least affected?
Are certain groups consistently disadvantaged?
How might identity, access, or power be shaping the issue?
This step is critical in Indigenous, decolonizing, and inclusive contexts.
Output: an equity impact statement
7. Define the Desired Future State
Purpose: Clarify what success looks like.
Describe:
What would be different if the problem were addressed?
What would students, teachers, or families experience?
What evidence would show improvement?
Avoid vague outcomes—be observable and measurable where possible.
Output: a clear vision of success
8. Identify Constraints and Opportunities
Purpose: Ground the analysis in reality.
List:
Non-negotiables (policy, curriculum, timelines)
Available assets (staff expertise, community partners, funding sources)
Risks and assumptions
This step is especially useful when preparing grant proposals.
Output: a constraints and opportunities scan
9. Test the Problem Statement
Purpose: Ensure alignment before moving to solutions.
Ask:
Does our evidence support this problem statement?
Would multiple stakeholders agree this is the core issue?
If we solved this problem, would it actually improve outcomes?
Revise the problem statement if needed.
Output: a refined, evidence-based problem/need statement
10. Document the Analysis
Purpose: Make the thinking visible and reusable.
Create a concise written summary that includes:
Problem statement
Evidence
Root causes
Equity considerations
Desired outcomes
This becomes the foundation for:
Grant proposals
School improvement plans
Strategic decisions