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- Progressive waves can be of two types, transverse and longitudinal waves.
- Progressive waves can be of two types, transverse and longitudinal waves.
Transverse waves :
Transverse waves :
A wave in which particles of the medium vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave is called transverse wave.
A wave in which particles of the medium vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave is called transverse wave.
Water waves are transverse waves, as water molecules vibrate perpendicular to the surface of water while the wave propagates along the surface.
Water waves are transverse waves, as water molecules vibrate perpendicular to the surface of water while the wave propagates along the surface.
Characteristics of transverse waves.
Characteristics of transverse waves.
1) All particles of the medium in the path of the wave vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave with same period and amplitude.
1) All particles of the medium in the path of the wave vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave with same period and amplitude.
2) When transverse wave passes through a medium, the medium is divided into alternate the crests i.e., regions of positive displacements and troughs i.e., regions of negative displacements.
2) When transverse wave passes through a medium, the medium is divided into alternate the crests i.e., regions of positive displacements and troughs i.e., regions of negative displacements.
3) A crest and an adjacent trough form one cycle of a transverse wave. The distance measured along the wave between any two consecutive points in the same phase (crest or trough) is called the wavelength of the wave.
3) A crest and an adjacent trough form one cycle of a transverse wave. The distance measured along the wave between any two consecutive points in the same phase (crest or trough) is called the wavelength of the wave.
4) Crests and troughs advance in the medium and are responsible for transfer of energy.
4) Crests and troughs advance in the medium and are responsible for transfer of energy.
5) Transverse waves can travel through solids and on surfaces of liquids only. They can not travel through liquids and gases. EM waves are transverse waves but they do not require material medium for propagation.
5) Transverse waves can travel through solids and on surfaces of liquids only. They can not travel through liquids and gases. EM waves are transverse waves but they do not require material medium for propagation.
6) When transverse waves advance through a medium there is no change in the pressure and density at any point of medium, however shape changes periodically.
6) When transverse waves advance through a medium there is no change in the pressure and density at any point of medium, however shape changes periodically.
7) If vibrations of all the particles along the path of a wave are constrained to be in a single plane, then the wave is called polarised wave. Transverse wave can be polarised.
7) If vibrations of all the particles along the path of a wave are constrained to be in a single plane, then the wave is called polarised wave. Transverse wave can be polarised.
8) Medium conveying a transverse wave must possess elasticity of shape.
8) Medium conveying a transverse wave must possess elasticity of shape.
Longitudinal waves :
Longitudinal waves :
A wave in which particles of the medium vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of propagation of wave is called longitudinal wave.
A wave in which particles of the medium vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of propagation of wave is called longitudinal wave.
Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
Characteristics of longitudinal waves
Characteristics of longitudinal waves
1) All the particles of medium along the path of the wave vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of propagation of wave with same period and amplitude.
1) All the particles of medium along the path of the wave vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of propagation of wave with same period and amplitude.
2) When longitudinal wave passes through a medium, the medium is divided into regions of alternate compressions and rarefactions. Compression is the region where the particles of medium are crowded (high pressure zone), while rarefaction is the region where the particles of medium are more widely separated, i.e. the medium gets rarefied (low pressure zone).
2) When longitudinal wave passes through a medium, the medium is divided into regions of alternate compressions and rarefactions. Compression is the region where the particles of medium are crowded (high pressure zone), while rarefaction is the region where the particles of medium are more widely separated, i.e. the medium gets rarefied (low pressure zone).
3) A compression and adjacent rarefaction form one cycle of longitudinal wave. The distance measured along the wave between any two consecutive points having the same phase is the wavelength of wave.
3) A compression and adjacent rarefaction form one cycle of longitudinal wave. The distance measured along the wave between any two consecutive points having the same phase is the wavelength of wave.
4) For propagation of longitudinal waves, the medium should possess the property of elasticity of volume. Thus longitudinal waves can travel through solids. liquids and gases. Longitudinal wave can not travel through vacuum or free space.
4) For propagation of longitudinal waves, the medium should possess the property of elasticity of volume. Thus longitudinal waves can travel through solids. liquids and gases. Longitudinal wave can not travel through vacuum or free space.
5) The compression and rarefaction advance in the medium and are responsible for transfer of energy.
5) The compression and rarefaction advance in the medium and are responsible for transfer of energy.
6) When longitudinal wave advances through a medium there are periodic variations in pressure and density along the path of wave and also with time.
6) When longitudinal wave advances through a medium there are periodic variations in pressure and density along the path of wave and also with time.
7) Longitudinal waves can not be polarised, as the direction of vibration of particles and direction of propagation of wave are same or parallel.
7) Longitudinal waves can not be polarised, as the direction of vibration of particles and direction of propagation of wave are same or parallel.
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