Synopsis

With the commercial availability of 3GPP standards-compliant MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data), QPP (QoS, Priority & Preemption), HPUE (High-Power User Equipment), IOPS (Isolated Operation for Public Safety), and other critical communications features, LTE and 5G NR (New Radio) networks have gained recognition as an all-inclusive public safety communications platform for the delivery of real-time video, high-resolution imagery, multimedia messaging, mobile office/field data applications, location services and mapping, situational awareness, unmanned asset control, and other broadband capabilities, as well as MCPTT (Mission-Critical PTT) voice and narrowband data services provided by traditional LMR (Land Mobile Radio) systems. 3GPP networks are nearing the point where they can fully replace legacy LMR systems with a future-proof transition path, supplemented by additional 5G features, such as 5G MBS/5MBS (5G Multicast-Broadcast Services) for MCX services in high-density environments, 5G NR sidelink for off-network communications, VMRs (Vehicle-Mounted Relays), MWAB (Mobile gNB With Wireless Access Backhauling), NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) integration, and support for lower 5G NR bandwidths in PPDR (Public Protection & Disaster Relief) frequency bands. 

Western and Northern European countries, including the United Kingdom, France, Finland, and Sweden, are already moving ahead with plans to migrate all PPDR users from TETRA and Tetrapol systems to nationwide mission-critical 3GPP networks between 2028 and 2031. South Korea is an outlier, having carried out its transition much earlier due to the previous lack of a national-scale digital LMR network. The narrowband-to-broadband transition timeline is expected to be longer in some national markets. For example, Romania’s TETRA network will continue to operate in parallel with the country’s new 3GPP-based PPDR broadband network until 2035. In the United States, many APCO P25 systems are not expected to be decommissioned until the late 2030s, although some agencies – particularly those whose LMR networks are reaching end-of-life or have poor coverage – are beginning to fully transition to MCPTT services over broadband networks. Authorities in New Zealand have chosen to deploy a new digital LMR network, which is complemented by priority access over public cellular networks. 

Transitions aside, a myriad of fully dedicated, hybrid government-commercial, and secure MVNO/MOCN-based public safety LTE and 5G networks are operational or in the process of being rolled out throughout the globe. One of the largest projects that emerged from secrecy in 2025 is Saudi Arabia’s $8.7 billion mission-critical broadband network for the Kingdom’s defense, law enforcement, and intelligence agencies. Other national-level public safety broadband network programs extend from high-profile national initiatives such as the United States’ FirstNet (First Responder Network), South Korea’s Safe-Net (National Disaster Safety Communications Network), Great Britain’s ESN (Emergency Services Network), France’s RRF (Radio Network of the Future), SWEN (Swedish Emergency Network), and Finland's VIRVE 2 broadband service for PPDR users to New Zealand’s PSN (Public Safety Network), Royal Thai Police's Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) LTE network, Japan’s PSMS (Public Safety Mobile System), Ireland’s new mission-critical communications system, Italian Ministry of Interior's public safety LTE/5G service, Spain's SIRDEE (State Emergency Digital Radiocommunications System) mission-critical broadband network, Hungary's EDR 2.0/3.0 5G-ready PPDR broadband network, Turkish National Police’s KETUM (Encrypted Critical Communications System), Romania’s hybrid PPDR broadband network, Qatar MOI's (Ministry of Interior) LTE network, Oman’s Band 20/n20 (800 MHz) public safety broadband network, Jordan’s hybrid TETRA-LTE communications system, Egypt’s NAS (Unified National Emergency & Public Safety Network), and Brazilian Federal Government’s private network project.

The Hong Kong Police Force’s $250 million 5G-based NGCS (Next-Generation Communications System) project, which follows a very different approach from mainland China, is comparable to national programs in smaller countries. Nationwide initiatives in the pre-operational stage include Norway's Nytt Nødnett, Germany’s BOS broadband network, Belgium’s NextGenCom (Next-Generation Mobile Communication), Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security’s VMX (Mission-Critical Communications Renewal), Switzerland’s MSK (Secure Mobile Broadband Communications) system, India’s BB-PPDR (Broadband PPDR) network, Sri Lanka Police’s new crime and emergency services communications system, Nigerian federal government’s NPSCS (National Public Security Communication System), Australia's PSMB (Public Safety Mobile Broadband) program, and Canada's national PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network) initiative.

3GPP-compliant MCX services are a foundational component of nationwide public safety broadband networks, and multiple procurement contracts have recently been awarded for both gateway-enabled interoperability solutions and 3GPP standards-based IWF (Interworking Function) technology, which enables system-level interworking between LMR and MCX systems during concurrent operation. The integration of NG911 (Next-Generation 911) systems, live video feeds from body-worn cameras, drones, and vehicles, 3D geolocation services, AI (Artificial Intelligence) analytics, and situational awareness platforms is increasingly gaining significance in national public safety broadband programs, as is the inclusion of rapidly deployable network assets, direct-to-device connectivity from satellites, and in-building coverage for emergency communications. FirstNet’s macro coverage layer is complemented by a growing number of indoor small cells – currently at 14,000 units – supporting operation in Band 14/n14 (700 MHz) spectrum. Britain’s ESN, Sweden’s SWEN, and Finland's VIRVE 2 programs will also involve large-scale rollouts of in-building coverage solutions.

Beyond state-funded national programs, public mobile operators in some countries are pitching network slicing over their recently launched standalone 5G cores as an alternative to dedicated networks. Independent small-to-medium scale private 5G networks are also being deployed to address specific operational needs. For instance, Mexico City Police is using a standalone private 5G network to enable low-latency streaming of visual content to wireless VR headsets as part of an immersive training system, while Abu Dhabi Police has recently procured a private 5G solution, with an initial focus on high-definition video surveillance. The police force’s broader video surveillance systems are supplemented by over 150 AI models for real-time detection of traffic violations, suspect identification, and predictive analytics for crime prevention. In Spain, Madrid City Council and UME (Emergency Military Unit) have adopted tactical bubble solutions – based on transportable private 5G cell sites and network slicing over commercial 5G networks – for enhanced emergency preparedness and forest firefighting operations. Among other examples, the southern French city of Istres has deployed a private 5G network to reduce video surveillance camera installation costs by up to 80% by eliminating infrastructure-related overheads typically associated with fiber-based connections.

In the United States, both Verizon and T-Mobile have launched first responder network slices to rival the AT&T-operated FirstNet national public safety broadband network. In addition to other Band 48/n48 (3.5 GHz) CBRS spectrum-enabled private 5G networks for smart city applications, GDC (Georgia Department of Corrections) is deploying a private 5G network to provide indoor and outdoor coverage for physically isolated and secure communications at a new state prison campus. There has also been an uptick in both procurement efforts and field trials of private 5G network equipment operating in Band n79 (4.4-5 GHz) federal spectrum and Globalstar’s Band 53/n53 (2.4 GHz) spectrum. In addition, 50 MHz of public safety spectrum in the 4,940-4,990 MHz frequency range is being standardized as Band n114 (4.9 GHz) in 3GPP Release 20 specifications.

Other operational deployments range from the Halton-Peel region PSBN in Canada's Ontario province, Polkomtel’s Band 87/n87 (410 MHz) MCX network in Poland, China's city and district-wide Band 45 (1.4 GHz) LTE networks for police forces, portable 5G systems and sliced virtual private 5G networks in both China and Taiwan, provincial-level Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) safe city networks in Pakistan, Nedaa's mission-critical broadband network in Dubai, Kenyan Police Service’s custom-built LTE network, Zambia's 400 MHz broadband trunking system, Mauritania's public safety LTE network for urban security in Nouakchott, Madagascar’s private LTE network for safe city applications in Antananarivo, Uruguayan Ministry of Interior's private LTE for border surveillance reinforcement in the Rivera Department, Brazil's state-wide LTE networks for public security secretariats, penitentiary administrations, and military police forces, and the Guyanese government's 3GPP-based critical communications network to local and regional-level public safety broadband networks in markets as diverse as Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Laos, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Lebanon, Ghana, Cote D'Ivoire, Cameroon, Mali, Mauritius, Canary Islands, Trinidad & Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, Serbia, Ukraine, and Russia, as well as multi-domain critical communications broadband networks such as Southern Linc's mission-critical LTE network for first responders and utilities in the southeastern United States, and secure MVNO platforms in Mexico and several European countries.

SNS Telecom & IT estimates that annual investments in public safety LTE/5G infrastructure and devices reached $5 billion in 2025, driven by both new projects and the expansion of existing dedicated, hybrid government-commercial, and secure MVNO/MOCN networks. Complemented by an expanding ecosystem of public safety-grade LTE/5G devices, the market will further grow at a CAGR of approximately 8% over the next three years, eventually accounting for more than $6.3 billion by the end of 2028. The positive outlook of the market coincides with meaningful progress in addressing the remaining challenge of direct mode or D2D (Device-to-Device) communications, which is often cited as the last major hurdle in the transition from LMR systems to 3GPP broadband technology. 5G NR sidelink-equipped prototype terminals for D2D communications and multi-hop relay networking are being made available for field trials by defense and public safety agencies between 2026 and 2027, with the commercial availability of chipsets expected before the end of the decade. In parallel, some national program administrators are adopting interim solutions, including LMR-based RSMs (Remote Speaker Microphones) and hybrid LMR-broadband devices.

The “Public Safety LTE & 5G Market: 2025 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the public safety LTE and 5G market, including the value chain, market drivers, barriers to uptake, enabling technologies, operational models, application scenarios, key trends, future roadmap, standardization, spectrum availability/allocation, regulatory landscape, case studies, ecosystem player profiles, and strategies. The report also presents global and regional market size forecasts from 2025 to 2030, covering public safety LTE/5G infrastructure, terminal equipment, applications, systems integration and management solutions, as well as subscriptions and service revenue.

The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report, as well as a list and associated details of over 1,900 global public safety LTE/5G engagements – as of Q1 2026.

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Summary of Recent Market Developments

Some of the recent, ongoing, and planned public safety broadband deployments are summarized below: 

• North America

  • AT&T has introduced a new MCX platform intended to enhance MCPTT interoperability and the integration of 911 dispatch, situational awareness solutions, and connected devices such as body-worn cameras over the FirstNet public safety broadband network in the United States. Another major development is the FirstNet Authority’s directive for AT&T to deploy more than 135 purpose-built Band 14/n14 (700 MHz) cell sites to expand coverage in tribal, territorial, and rural areas identified by the public safety community.

  • These new cell sites expand upon the initial FirstNet buildout, completed in 2023, and the 1,000 additional sites launched between 2024 and 2025. The nationwide network supplements macro coverage spanning nearly 3 million square miles with layers of coverage enhancement solutions – including more than 14,000 in-building small cells, HPUE terminals with 1.25 watts of power output, and a dedicated fleet of more than 190 land-based and airborne portable cell sites. Additionally, plans are underway for the provision of direct-to-cellular coverage from LEO satellites to close terrestrial service gaps and reduce reliance on deployable assets for restoring communications in areas affected by disasters.

  • Both of AT&T’s rival national mobile operators T-Mobile and Verizon have launched dedicated network slices with priority access for first responders over their standalone public 5G networks. The City of New York, New York State Police, BPD (Buffalo Police Department), Tampa Police Department, LAFD (Los Angeles Fire Department), Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, and several other agencies have begun trialing or adopting these network slicing services, although FirstNet remains the most widely subscribed broadband network for public safety communications.

  • Atlanta-based Southern Linc has emerged as a key player in the Southeast, where it operates a mission-critical LTE network for first responders and utilities. Supported by hybrid P25-LTE devices and interworking solutions, the regional wireless carrier’s MCPTT service has been credited with unifying disparate legacy systems and expanding the reach of radio communications for Georgia's public safety and emergency management agencies by thousands of miles – a capability demonstrated during the response to Hurricane Helene and in previous interstate criminal pursuits.

  • The City of Brownsville (Texas), Las Vegas (Nevada), Spokane County (Washington), Chesapeake (Virginia), and several other local authorities have deployed their own private LTE and 5G networks operating in Band 48/n48 (3.5 GHz) CBRS spectrum to support smart city initiatives and municipal services, including public safety monitoring. In Las Vegas, cameras and sensors connected by the city’s private 5G network have led to a 90% drop in wrong-way driving incidents. CBRS-enabled portable cellular networks have also been utilized for critical communications in the wake of Hurricane Helene in North Carolina and during Southern California wildfires.

  • A noteworthy example of an ongoing CBRS project is GDC’s (Georgia Department of Corrections) private 5G network, aimed at delivering indoor and outdoor coverage for physically isolated and secure communications at a new state prison campus with 13 buildings covering 800,000 square feet across 200 acres. The project is located adjacent to the existing Washington County State Prison complex in Davisboro, Georgia.

  • There has been an uptick in both procurement efforts and field trials of private 5G network equipment operating in Band n79 (4.4-5 GHz) by the U.S. military and federal agencies. For example, the Department of Homeland Security has acquired a Band n79-optimized standalone 5G system to evaluate its viability for supporting domestic operations, while NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) used an airborne 5G cell site operating in Band n79 to deliver air-to-ground connectivity at distances of up to 22 miles during a demonstration as part of its ACERO (Advanced Capabilities for Emergency Response Operations) project, which aims to improve aerial responses to wildfires. In addition, Globalstar and Skydio recently validated Skydio’s drone operations on Globalstar’s licensed Band n53 (2.4 GHz) spectrum using the XCOM RAN private 5G platform for public safety applications.

  • In Canada, there are hopes that new funding from the government’s commitment to allocate an additional 1.5% of GDP to national security-related initiatives will be used to finally establish a national PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network). National mobile operators are actively preparing to position themselves as delivery partners. Bell is preparing to launch a nationwide 3GPP standards-compliant MCX service for first responders, while Telus recently implemented a dedicated 5G slice for Edmonton Police Service's critical surveillance systems across downtown Edmonton, Alberta, during the Edmonton Oilers 2025 Stanley Cup playoff run. During periods of high congestion, the prioritized slice maintained 100% service availability to ensure the delivery of video streams from strategically placed CCTV cameras.

  • On a regional level, the City of Hamilton is evaluating proposals for the implementation of a city-wide PSBN. The neighboring Halton-Peel Region’s PSBN – which consists of a shared geo-redundant mobile core implementation and regional RANs (Radio Access Networks) – remains the largest operational deployment, covering more than 2.5 million of Ontario's population across the Halton and Peel regional municipalities of the Greater Toronto Area. The regional PSBN has recently undergone a 5G core upgrade. Among other ongoing initiatives, a proof-of-concept is underway to explore MOCN-enabled roaming with the private cellular networks of rail operators CN (Canadian National Railway Company) and CPKC (Canadian Pacific Kansas City) in Montreal and Calgary, respectively.

• Asia Pacific

  • Limited progress has been made so far on Australia’s national PSMB (Public Safety Mobile Broadband) initiative despite an RFI in 2024 to prequalify vendors for a future procurement. Mobile operator Telstra has carried out demonstrations of MCX services, LMR-3GPP interworking, and prioritized access at its Gold Coast PSEC (Public Safety Experience Centre) to build its case to serve as the primary carrier for PSMB. The NSW (New South Wales) Telco Authority is leading advocacy efforts to secure suitable spectrum for emergency services and impose enforceable license conditions on commercial mobile operators to guarantee priority, pre-emption, national roaming, and public-safety-grade resilience.

  • As part of New Zealand’s PSN (Public Safety Network) program led by cross-agency entity NGCC’s (Next-Generation Critical Communications), over 25,000 public safety subscribers rely on a multi-network cellular roaming service for broadband communications. Priority and preemption is operational for more than 80% of these users to ensure first responders stay connected even when the Spark and One New Zealand cellular networks are congested or degraded.  In addition, compact rapid deployables are also being procured to provide temporary cellular coverage during major emergencies or incidents. They will be stored across the country in strategically selected geographic locations, ready for deployment as required.

  • Mainland China’s national market for public safety broadband communications is characterized by a mix of city and district-wide Band 45 (1.4 GHz) private LTE networks for police forces and hybrid public-private 5G networks based on network slicing over commercial mobile networks, distributed UPFs (User Plane Functions), and portable cell sites. Recently, drone-mounted 5G base stations operating in China Broadnet's low-band spectrum have also been employed for PPDR communications. 

  • The Hong Kong Police is preparing to implement its 5G-based NGCS (Next-Generation Communications System), following the approval of $250 million in funding from the special administrative region’s LegCo (Legislative Council). The mission-critical 5G network will encompass a dedicated core network, up to 500 purpose-built base stations operating in Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) spectrum, and commercial mobile operator services for additional RAN coverage. Instead of a tender, the police force has adopted a direct engagement approach to identify suppliers that meet its service requirements.

  • Taiwan's Moda (Ministry of Digital Affairs) is leading efforts for the implementation of a national broadband PPDR communications system that will be built using a government-owned core network connected to the RAN infrastructure of all three major public mobile operators in an MOCN configuration. Exclusive-use Band 20/n20 (800 MHz spectrum) is also available for field trials until 2030. In the interim, the Kaohsiung City Police Department, Hsinchu City Fire Department, and other local agencies have adopted a host of broadband solutions tailored to their individual needs, ranging from local packet gateways and network slicing on standalone public 5G networks to rapidly deployable private 5G backpack systems and emergency response vehicles equipped with satellite backhaul.

  • Japan has launched its PSMS (Public Safety Mobile System) – formerly known as the PS-LTE (Public Safety LTE) service – a secure MVNO-based cellular broadband service for interoperable communications among public safety organizations that incorporates multi-carrier support and voice service prioritization in the event of a disaster or network congestion caused by commercial users. Independent private broadband networks are also being utilized for specific applications – for example, to provide connectivity over long distances for evacuation-warning drones deployed in disaster-prone areas such as Sendai. Although non-3GPP technology is being used in the country’s 200 MHz band for disaster relief communications, there have been demonstrations of modified 3GPP equipment operating in this band – one of the most recent ones being Kyoto University’s portable private 5G network. 

  • South Korea’s Safe-Net disaster safety communications network is one of the world’s most mature nationwide public safety broadband networks. Spanning 22,000 base stations and three geo-redundant mobile cores, the mission-critical network has been adopted by 339 agencies, collectively accounting for 230,000 MCX subscriptions. Local authorities are also investing in smaller private 5G networks for specific applications. For example, the Gimcheon City Integrated Control Center has deployed a private 5G network using Band n79 (4.7 GHz) spectrum to provide wireless coverage for its AI-powered CCTV system in locations where wired cabling is impractical.

  • In Singapore, Singtel, DSTA (Defence Science and Technology Agency), and HTX (Home Team Science and Technology Agency) have co-developed a sliced defense and national security network solution that leverages the mobile operator’s standalone 5G technology to allocate dedicated network resources for state agencies to employ in areas such as enhancing situational awareness and response, command and control operations, swift threat detection, and rapid incident response. As part of a separate initiative, HTX is actively exploring options for a future evolution of the MHA’s (Ministry of Home Affairs) public safety communications capabilities.

  • Malaysian authorities have proposed the assignment of a dedicated 5G network slice to provide secure and prioritized connectivity for PDRM (Royal Malaysia Police) and other public safety agencies. Separately, Sapura Group – the operator of the country’s nationwide TETRA-based GIRN (Government Integrated Radio Network) – has developed a mission-critical broadband solution that enabled 19 agencies to connect to command centers through secure voice, data, and live video links during the recently concluded 47th ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur.

  • The Indonesian Ministry of Defense has implemented a hybrid narrowband-broadband solution that integrates TETRA with MCX voice and multimedia services over available broadband networks as a core critical communications backbone to support regional defense command centers, day-to-day operations, and natural disaster response missions. Among other recent projects, Korlantas (National Police Traffic Corps) has adopted an MCPTT service over commercial networks. There have also been field trials of private LTE network infrastructure operating in both 450 MHz and 700 MHz bands involving national and municipal police forces, search and rescue, and emergency management agencies. 

  • In operation since 2016, the Royal Thai Police's Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) public safety LTE network supports MCPTT, video surveillance, and other broadband applications. The network’s purpose-built RAN infrastructure provides coverage across the entire Bangkok metropolitan area and twelve major cities, supplemented by rapidly deployable network-in-a-box units for special events, rescue operations, and disaster response scenarios.

  • Indian authorities have constituted an HPC (High-Powered Committee) – coordinated by the Ministry of Home Affairs’ DCPW (Directorate of Coordination Police Wireless) – for the implementation of a pan-India BB-PPDR (Broadband PPDR) network. The Indian Army has engaged with multiple vendors to procure rapidly deployable LTE network-in-a-box systems for tactical communications in border areas. The solution operates in Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) spectrum. 

  • In Pakistan, multiple private LTE networks operating in dedicated Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) spectrum have been deployed by provincial authorities and in the Islamabad capital territory as part of video surveillance-focused safe city projects. The largest deployment spans more than 100 base stations in the Punjab province, which continues to be expanded, and two additional projects are underway in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh provinces.    

  • Sri Lanka Police initiated planning for a new crime and emergency services communications system in 2022. The planned system is based on LTE technology operating in UHF spectrum. Existing users in the designated frequency band have already been compensated and vacated. The deployment is expected to commence soon.

• Europe

  • After being plagued by delays for more than a decade, Britain’s 3GPP-based ESN (Emergency Services Network) is finally entering its delivery phase in earnest with new mobile and user services contracts. A PIN (Prior Information Notice) has been issued for an upcoming device procurement valued at up to $1.2 billion.

  • ESN is planned to be voice service-ready by 2028, and a full transition of all 300,000 users and 107 agencies from the Airwave TETRA system is expected to be concluded by the end of the decade. During the incremental switchover, when both networks will continue to operate concurrently, an IWG (Interworking Gateway) solution will link together the 6,000 busiest TETRA talkgroups to their equivalent new MCX talkgroups.

  • In Northern Ireland, the PSNI (Police Service of Northern Ireland) and Northern Ireland Railways have signed an MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) to explore the benefits of a future shared RAN implementation utilizing Band n100 (900 MHz) spectrum to support both railway and public safety broadband communications. The use of Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) is also under consideration, though potential interference from commercial mobile operator supplementary downlink transmissions in Band 67/n67 (738-758 MHz) is a concern.

  • The Republic of Ireland’s OGCIO (Office of the Government Chief Information Officer) is leading the implementation of a new mission-critical communications system to strengthen national emergency response capabilities, particularly in rural communities. The broadband PPDR system is being delivered using a hybrid commercial-government network model encompassing priority access and national roaming over commercial networks, private network-based tactical bubbles, and satellite connectivity. Initial field trials have taken place in Westport, County Mayo, and at Rosslare Europort.

  • France has launched its RRF (Radio Network of the Future) mission-critical broadband network with a goal of serving as many as 300,000 public safety users by 2028. Initially supported by a budget of nearly $400 million, RRF integrates geo-redundant mobile core and MCX servers; priority, preemption, and national roaming over multiple public RANs; and rapidly deployable network assets with satellite backhaul. A number of separate city-wide private cellular networks for public safety applications are also operational. For example, the southern French city of Istres has recently deployed a private 5G network to reduce video surveillance camera installation costs by up to 80% by eliminating infrastructure-related overheads typically associated with fiber-based connections. 

  • Germany’s BDBOS (Federal Agency for Public Safety Digital Radio) plans to initiate procurement for the first phase of its broadband program in 2026 – starting with a dedicated 4G/5G core network, followed by the implementation of a 3GPP-standards-compliant MCX solution. Additional BDBOS-led R&D projects are also underway as part of the KoPa_45 funding initiative, targeting areas ranging from TETRA-MCX interworking to 5G campus network integration and airborne cell sites. Following a series of delays associated with supply chain disruptions, the $290 million ZNV (Deployable Cellular Networks) project of the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces) is making progress, with systems being installed. ZNV systems are interoperable with and part of the broader D-LBO (Digitalization of Land-Based Operations) program. On the commercial mobile operator side, both Vodafone and DT (Deutsche Telekom) have announced prioritized MCX services for BOS (German Public Safety Organizations), while DT also offers a dedicated BOS track for network slicing and plans to launch an IWF solution by mid-2026.

  • Belgian public safety network operator ASTRID has initiated its NextGenCom (Next-Generation Mobile Communication) program, which involves the implementation of a hybrid architecture 4G/5G communications system encompassing a geo-redundant core network, exclusive access MCRAN (Mission-Critical RAN) infrastructure, and MOCN-based sharing of commercial mobile operators’ existing RAN coverage with priority and preemption. Other recent initiatives extend from private 5G networks for the City of Wavre and North Sea security to 5G-connected drones for emergency response operations and field tests of the BOLSTER rapidly deployable 5G system, which operates in 700 MHz and 2.6 GHz frequencies. 

  • The Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security’s VMX (Mission-Critical Communications Renewal) program aims to replace the C2000 TETRA network with a mission-critical broadband service using a government-owned core network and commercial mobile operator RAN coverage. The tender process is scheduled to begin soon, with contract awards and pilots to follow. The transition to the new broadband service is not expected to start before 2029. In the meantime, national mobile operators, secure MVNOs, and other technology providers offer both multi-operator redundancy solutions and prioritized broadband connectivity for critical communications using differentiated data bearers. 

  • Switzerland’s MSK (Secure Mobile Broadband Communications) program has been delayed due to challenges associated with governance and cost-sharing arrangements between the federal government and cantons. Following a pre-operational project between 2026 and 2028, the build-out of the MSK network is due to commence in 2029, with nationwide service readiness planned for 2035. The estimated budget for the project is $1.4 billion over the next ten years. In neighboring Austria, the BMI (Ministry of the Interior) has initiated work on preliminary planning for the future development of a secure mobile broadband communications system that will complement and eventually replace the TETRA-based Digitalfunk BOS Austria network.

  • On behalf of the Italian Ministry of Interior, national mobile operator TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) has rolled out a mission-critical broadband service across 11 provinces to provide mobile video surveillance, group communications, police database access, and other public safety-oriented applications. Separately, the Ministry of Defense has also deployed its own private mobile broadband network that comprises a dual-mode 5G core, fixed base stations for RAN coverage in military installations, and transportable network assets for tactical communications. 

  • The Spanish MOI (Ministry of the Interior) and prime contractor Telefónica are progressing with the buildout of the SIRDEE mission-critical broadband network, ahead of full service readiness targeted by 2027. The network incorporates purpose-built LTE cell sites, a dedicated core with MCX support, eMBMS technology, and backup connectivity via commercial mobile operator coverage. Ertzaintza (Basque Country Public Guard) and Mossos d'Esquadra (Catalan Regional Police) are reportedly planning to implement their own independent mission-critical 5G networks within their respective autonomous regions. Several mission-specific private 5G networks for public safety applications are already operational, including Madrid City Council’s 5G-based tactical bubble solution and UME’s (Emergency Military Unit) rapidly deployable 5G system for forest firefighting operations. 

  • SWEN (Swedish Emergency Network) – previously named Rakel G2 – is expected to fully replace Sweden’s Rakel G1 TETRA network by 2030, with user migration set to take place in 2028 and 2029. Owned and managed by the MSB (Swedish Civil Defence and Resilience Agency), a dual-mode 5G core supported by MOCN-enabled commercial RAN coverage is already operational, and a contract has recently been awarded for a TETRA-to-3GPP migration solution. Key upcoming initiatives include the procurement of a 3GPP-based MCX platform by the second half of 2026; activation of dedicated Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) spectrum; in-building and outdoor coverage expansion, portable cell sites, and satellite NTN connectivity; integration with other dedicated 5G networks being deployed by Swedish public sector organizations – for example, the VGR (Region Västra Götaland) indoor private 5G network; and cross-border collaboration with Finland and Norway. Additionally, an ongoing Vinnova-funded project aims to evaluate the suitability of 5G NR sidelink technology for device-to-device communications within SWEN.

  • Norway’s planned Nytt Nødnett mission-critical broadband network will combine state ownership and service procurements from commercial mobile operators. RAN coverage and core network infrastructure will be provided by all three of the country’s national operators – Telenor, Telia, and Ice Norway – while the MCX system will be managed directly by the Norwegian government. Following a preliminary study phase led by the DSB (Directorate for Civil Protection), Nkom (Norwegian Communications Authority) has been given responsibility for the new emergency network that will replace the existing Nødnett TETRA network, due for decommissioning by the end of 2031.

  • As part of Denmark’s FREBI (Future of Emergency Communication – Infrastructure) project, the DEMA (Danish Emergency Management Agency) is pursuing a long-term strategy for a broadband evolution and replacement of the TETRA-based SINE network, which will remain operational until 2034. Small-scale pilot tests of PTX (Push-to-Everything) tools, deployables for coverage expansion, and private 5G networks are underway. In addition, a broadband PTT solution, along with hybrid TETRA-LTE radios, is being implemented to expand the reach of the existing SINE network inside buildings, underground parking lots, and other areas where TETRA coverage is limited. 

  • Finland was the first Nordic country to launch a mission-critical broadband service for PPDR users. Built and operated by Erillisverkot (State Security Networks Group) using an MOCN model, the VIRVE 2 service features a state-owned core network and public safety-grade QPP over commercial RAN infrastructure, with future plans for the integration of Band 68/n68 (700 MHz)-enabled private RAN coverage. The legacy VIRVE TETRA network will continue to run in parallel with VIRVE 2 until the end of 2028, when all 50,000 users are expected to have migrated.

  • The Czech Republic’s Ministry of Interior and NAKIT (National Agency for Communication and Information Technologies) plan to implement a 3GPP-based broadband network to support mission-critical communications. Separately, the Czech Army is pursuing the implementation of its own closed 5G infrastructure that is fully independent of public mobile networks, including tactical 5G systems for rapid deployment in affected locations in the event of natural disasters, power blackouts, or other emergencies to enable communications between the state administration, PPDR agencies, and military units.

  • In Poland, Plus (Polkomtel) has launched a 3GPP standards-compliant MCX solution over its nationwide Band 87/n87 (410 MHz) LTE network for first responders and other critical user groups. The Konin Municipal Police and Department of Security and Crisis Management are among the first users to test the MCX system. In addition, local authorities in Starachowice, Krosno, and other cities are planning to deploy their own city-level private 5G networks using Band n77 (3.8-3.9 GHz) spectrum designated for government applications.

  • Hungarian government communications service provider Pro-M has deployed a nationwide 5G-ready PPDR network to provide secure and reliable broadband access to first responders and other critical user groups. The purpose-built Band 3/n3 (1.8 GHz) network encompasses nearly 2,500 state-owned base stations, a dual-mode 4G/5G core with geo-redundancy, and MOCN-based coverage extension via public RAN infrastructure. Additionally, as part of the 5G Smartcom pilot project, Pro-M has implemented a 17-site standalone 5G network for critical communications along the Hungarian-Ukrainian border.

  • On a broader Europe-wide level, the EUCCS (European Critical Communication System) Preparation project – coordinated by PSCE (Public Safety Communication Europe) – is actively progressing with a focus on shared operational procedures and future readiness of a mission-critical mobile communications capability for pan-European and cross-border public safety operations across EU (European Union) member states and Schengen countries.

  • Within the scope of the Turkish National Police’s KETUM (Encrypted Critical Communications System) program, a mission-critical LTE network – comprising 700 MHz base stations, a mobile core, and 3GPP standards-compliant MCX servers – has been implemented in Adana, Türkiye’s fifth-largest city, to provide broadband services alongside the existing BiGA DMR trunking network using hybrid DMR-LTE radio terminals. A nationwide expansion of the hybrid narrowband-broadband system is underway, with the goal of eventually serving 500,000 end users.

  • Romania’s STS (Special Telecommunications Service) has issued initial contracts to Nokia and Ericsson for the procurement of a dual-mode EPC/5GC core solution and RAN infrastructure in Bands 28/68 (700 MHz) and 43/n78 (3.7 GHz) to initiate the buildout of its hybrid PPDR broadband network, which will also be interconnected with commercial mobile networks for national roaming.

  • In addition to leveraging commercial mobile networks for supplementary broadband capabilities, the Ukrainian military and public safety agencies have procured private cellular network solutions, including satellite backhauled-deployable network assets. KT Corporation has previously proposed assistance in replicating South Korea’s Safe-Net disaster safety communications network as part of Ukraine’s reconstruction.

  • As part of a $75 million project, Russia’s FSO (Federal Protection Service) is deploying a dedicated LTE network using domestically produced equipment operating in the 360-380 MHz frequency range to deliver secure wireless communications for public safety and transport authorities. However, challenges associated with the implementation of the network’s backhaul infrastructure have reportedly delayed the buildout.

• Middle East & Africa

  • STC (Saudi Telecom Company) has been awarded an $8.7 billion contract to build, manage, and maintain a secure and interoperable mission-critical broadband network for Saudi Arabia’s defense, law enforcement, and intelligence agencies. The network will be initially implemented using LTE technology with a planned transition to 5G in the future. Western, Korean, and Chinese suppliers have been vying to gain a share of network infrastructure, MCX solutions, and device-related subcontracts within the project.

  • In the United Arab Emirates, separate Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) public safety broadband networks are operational, with Emirate-wide availability in Dubai and Abu Dhabi but limited coverage in Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Ajman, and other Emirates. While Dubai’s critical communications network operator Nedaa is exploring a 5G upgrade and in-building/outdoor coverage expansion initiatives, Abu Dhabi Police has recently procured a private 5G network solution in collaboration with Chinese suppliers, with an initial focus on high-definition video surveillance. 

  • Qatar’s MOI (Ministry of Interior) was one of the first public safety entities in the world to deploy a nationwide public safety LTE network. Built using Band 20/n20 (800 MHz) and Band 7/n7 (2.6 GHz) spectrum, the network was enhanced with eMBMS technology prior to the 2022 FIFA World Cup, and additional MCX upgrades are underway to support a full range of MCPTT, MCVideo, and MCData services. The Signal Corps of the Qatar Armed Forces is deploying its own 3GPP-based wireless network for mission-critical communications.

  • Oman was also among the front-runners in implementing a national-scale public safety LTE network, having awarded the initial $220 million contract for the Band 20/n20 (800 MHz) network’s buildout more than a decade ago in 2013. Since then, several follow-on procurement contracts have been issued for the network’s expansion in terms of both coverage and technical capabilities. 

  • Mission-critical network modernization programs based on 3GPP technology are also underway in Kuwait and Bahrain, while the Jordanian Armed Forces and the country's Ministry of Interior are jointly investing over $10 million to deploy a hybrid TETRA-LTE communications system.

  • Egyptian authorities have deployed a dedicated 4G LTE-based mobile network for secure voice, video, and data communications as part of the country’s $1 billion NAS (Unified National Emergency & Public Safety Network) program.

  • The government of Madagascar has deployed a private LTE network, fiber optic infrastructure, data centers, surveillance cameras, end user terminals, and associated software to improve telecommunications for public safety and government agencies in the capital city, Antananarivo. The network modernization project is funded by a $43 million loan from the Export-Import Bank of China.

  • As part of a broader effort to revitalize the Nigerian federal government’s NPSCS (National Public Security Communication System) project, MPS Technologies plans to deliver a Band 31/n31 (450 MHz) 5G-ready network for the Nigerian Police Force and other public safety agencies.

• Latin & Central America

  • Originally planned to be deployed using 215 purpose-built cell sites, the Brazilian Federal District’s private broadband network is now being implemented using a secure MVNO architecture with LTE RAN coverage delivered by public mobile operators. Expected to be fully operational by 2026, the network’s buildout also involves the implementation of a 3GPP standards-compliant MCX solution and interoperability with existing LMR systems. An expansion beyond the Federal District is also under consideration.

  • Public security secretariats and military police forces in some Brazilian states have deployed their own private LTE networks for public safety broadband communications. Among other recent projects, the Brazilian State of Ceará’s Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration and Reintegration has deployed a private LTE network to facilitate the live transmission of footage from 448 body cameras across 11 prison facilities.

  • In addition, city-level standalone private 5G network projects are underway in Pato Branco, Curitiba, Salvador, and Campo Formoso, where Band n78 (3.7–3.8 GHz) 5G NR cell sites and edge processing integrated with smart lighting fixtures are being used to support smart city applications, including video surveillance and facial recognition for public safety purposes.

  • Mexico City Police is using a standalone private 5G network to enable low-latency streaming of visual content to wireless VR headsets as part of an immersive training system that allows officers to practice in a realistic yet safe environment without mobility restrictions.

  • On a national level, Teltronic and Retesec have jointly launched a secure MVNO service for mission-critical communications over ALTÁN Redes’ Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) broadband network, with direct MCX infrastructure integration to support priority access for Mexican public safety and defense authorities, along with redundant multi-operator RAN coverage from Telcel (América Móvil) and AT&T Mexico. The service is also interoperable with existing LMR systems in Mexico.

  • The City of Buenos Aires has adopted a hybrid narrowband-broadband platform that integrates the Ministry of Justice and Security’s private TETRA network with 3GPP-compliant MCX applications running over the national mobile operator Telecom Argentina’s commercial mobile network, supported by public safety-grade QPP capabilities and an IWF solution for TETRA-MCX interoperability.

  • In Uruguay, the Ministry of Interior has deployed a private LTE network to reinforce the National Police’s border surveillance capabilities. The network initially covers an area of 12 square kilometers in the Rivera Department and is supplemented by Antel's (National Administration of Telecommunications) commercial RAN coverage, rapidly deployable cell sites, and conventional UHF radio technology.

  • As part of the safe city component of a broader $32 million E-Government network project, the Guyanese government has deployed a 3GPP-based critical communications network, a unified emergency call center, command center infrastructure, intelligent surveillance cameras, and broadband terminals to enable the Guyana Police Force to improve response times and access critical real-time information.

Key Findings

The report has the following key findings: 

• Market Growth Potential

  • SNS Telecom & IT estimates that annual investments in public safety LTE/5G infrastructure and devices reached $5 billion in 2025, driven by both new projects and the expansion of existing dedicated, hybrid government-commercial, and secure MVNO/MOCN networks. Complemented by an expanding ecosystem of public safety-grade LTE/5G devices, the market will further grow at a CAGR of approximately 8% over the next three years, eventually accounting for more than $6.3 billion by the end of 2028.

• National Public Safety Broadband Programs

  • One of the largest projects that emerged from secrecy in 2025 is Saudi Arabia’s $8.7 billion mission-critical broadband network for the Kingdom’s defense, law enforcement, and intelligence agencies. Another new addition is the Hong Kong Police Force’s $250 million 5G-based NGCS project, which is comparable to national programs in smaller countries and follows a very different approach from mainland China.

  • Other programs extend from high-profile national initiatives such as the United States’ FirstNet, South Korea’s Safe-Net, Great Britain’s ESN, France's RRF, Sweden’s SWEN, and Finland's VIRVE 2 to New Zealand’s PSN, Royal Thai Police's Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) LTE network, Japan’s PSMS, Ireland’s new mission-critical communications system,  Italian Ministry of Interior's public safety LTE/5G service, Spain's SIRDEE mission-critical broadband network, Hungary's EDR 2.0/3.0 5G-ready PPDR broadband network, Turkish National Police’s KETUM, Romania’s hybrid PPDR broadband network, Qatar MOI's LTE network, Oman’s Band 20/n20 (800 MHz) public safety broadband network, Jordan’s hybrid TETRA-LTE communications system, Egypt’s NAS, and Brazilian Federal Government’s private network project.

  • Nationwide initiatives in the pre-operational stage include Norway's Nytt Nødnett, Germany’s BOS broadband network, Belgium’s NextGenCom, Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security’s VMX, Switzerland’s MSK system, India’s BB-PPDR network, Sri Lanka Police’s new crime and emergency services communications system, Nigerian federal government’s NPSCS, Australia's PSMB program, and Canada's national PSBN initiative.

• Network Slicing & Independent Private 5G Networks

  • Beyond state-funded national programs, public mobile operators in some countries are pitching network slicing over their recently launched standalone 5G cores as an alternative to dedicated networks. Independent small-to-medium scale private 5G networks are also being deployed to address specific operational needs. 

  • For instance, Mexico City Police is using a standalone private 5G network to enable low-latency streaming of visual content to wireless VR headsets as part of an immersive training system, while Abu Dhabi Police has recently procured a private 5G solution, with an initial focus on high-definition video surveillance. 

  • In Spain, Madrid City Council and UME (Emergency Military Unit) have adopted tactical bubble solutions – based on transportable private 5G cell sites and network slicing over commercial 5G networks – for enhanced emergency preparedness and forest firefighting operations. Among other examples, the southern French city of Istres has deployed a private 5G network to reduce video surveillance camera installation costs by up to 80% by eliminating infrastructure-related overheads typically associated with fiber-based connections.

  • In the United States, both Verizon and T-Mobile have launched first responder network slices to rival the AT&T-operated FirstNet national public safety broadband network. In addition to other Band 48/n48 (3.5 GHz) CBRS spectrum-enabled private 5G networks for smart city applications, GDC (Georgia Department of Corrections) is deploying a private 5G network to provide indoor and outdoor coverage for physically isolated and secure communications at a new state prison campus. 

  • There has also been an uptick in both procurement efforts and field trials of private 5G network equipment operating in Band n79 (4.4-5 GHz) federal spectrum and Globalstar’s Band 53/n53 (2.4 GHz) spectrum. In addition, 50 MHz of public safety spectrum in the 4,940-4,990 MHz frequency range is being standardized as Band n114 (4.9 GHz) in 3GPP Release 20 specifications.

• Other Operational Broadband Systems

  • Other operational deployments include the Halton-Peel region PSBN in Canada's Ontario province, Polkomtel’s Band 87/n87 (410 MHz) MCX network in Poland, China's city and district-wide Band 45 (1.4 GHz) LTE networks for police forces, portable 5G systems and sliced virtual private 5G networks in both China and Taiwan, provincial-level Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) safe city networks in Pakistan, Nedaa's mission-critical broadband network in Dubai, Kenyan Police Service’s custom-built LTE network, Zambia's 400 MHz broadband trunking system, Mauritania's public safety LTE network for urban security in Nouakchott, Madagascar’s private LTE network for safe city applications in Antananarivo, Uruguayan Ministry of Interior's private LTE for border surveillance reinforcement in the Rivera Department, Brazil's state-wide LTE networks for public security secretariats, penitentiary administrations, and military police forces, and the Guyanese government's 3GPP-based critical communications network.

  • Additional examples span local and regional-level public safety broadband networks in markets as diverse as Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Laos, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Lebanon, Ghana, Cote D'Ivoire, Cameroon, Mali, Mauritius, Canary Islands, Trinidad & Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, Serbia, Ukraine, and Russia, as well as multi-domain critical communications broadband networks such as Southern Linc's mission-critical LTE network for first responders and utilities in the southeastern United States, and secure MVNO platforms in Mexico and several European countries.

• 3GPP-Compliant MCX Services & IWF Solutions

  • Production-grade implementations of 3GPP standards-compliant MCX services – supporting MCPTT, MCVideo, and MCData functionality – are continuing to accelerate over both commercial and public safety broadband networks. To support interoperability between LMR and MCX systems during concurrent operation, multiple procurement contracts have recently been awarded for both gateway-based interoperability solutions and standards-based IWF technology, which enables system-level interworking through server-to-server interfaces.

  • Examples of service providers that already offer or are in the process of launching MCX services range from critical communications broadband networks – such as FirstNet (AT&T), Safe-Net, ESN, RRF, SIRDEE (Telefónica), SWEN, VIRVE 2, and KETUM – to mobile operators Verizon, T-Mobile, Southern Linc, Telus, Bell Canada, Vodafone, DT (Deutsche Telekom), Telenor, SFR, KPN, Swisscom, Telia, Føroya Tele, Plus (Polkomtel), STC (Saudi Telecom Company), Omantel, Telstra, and Telecom Argentina.

  • KNPA (Korean National Police Agency), NFA (Korean National Fire Agency), South Dakota's public safety agencies, AdventHealth, Georgia State Patrol, Dallas (Georgia) Police Department, and several other end user organizations have already switched to MCPTT over 3GPP networks as their primary means of mission-critical voice communications, with their own distinct migration strategies.

• Regional Differences in LMR-to-MCX Migration Timeframes

  • At a national level, South Korea is an outlier, having carried out its transition much earlier due to the previous lack of a national-scale digital LMR network. Safe-Net – the country’s national disaster safety communications network – serves more than 230,000 MCX users across various government departments and agencies. 

  • Western and Northern European countries, including the United Kingdom, France, Finland, and Sweden, are moving ahead with plans to migrate all PPDR users from TETRA and Tetrapol systems to nationwide mission-critical 3GPP networks between 2028 and 2031. 

  • The narrowband-to-broadband transition timeline is expected to be longer in some national markets. For example, Romania’s TETRA network will continue to operate in parallel with the country’s new 3GPP-based PPDR broadband network until 2035. 

  • In the United States, many APCO P25 systems are not expected to be decommissioned until the late 2030s, although some agencies – particularly those whose LMR networks are reaching end of life or have poor coverage – are beginning to fully transition to MCPTT services over broadband networks. Authorities in New Zealand have chosen to deploy a new digital LMR network, which is complemented by priority access over public cellular networks.

• NG911, Live Video, Geolocation, AI Analytics & Situational Awareness

  • The integration of NG911 systems, live video feeds from body-worn cameras, drones, and vehicles, 3D geolocation services, AI analytics, and situational awareness platforms is increasingly gaining significance in national public safety broadband programs.

  • As an example, FirstNet’s next-generation MCX service platform provides direct access to live video and location data from body-worn cameras and other connected devices to help improve situational awareness. It also integrates with NG911 systems to help incident commanders and first responders gain real-time access to critical emergency information.

  • South Korean authorities are developing an AI-enabled safety management system focused on proactive prevention and emergency response. The system leverages Safe-Net to aggregate multimodal data from field units, sensors, CCTV, drones, and vehicles, which is processed by public safety-specific AI models to support mission-critical workflows.

  • In the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi Police’s video surveillance systems – which are connected by the police force’s public safety broadband network – are supplemented by more than 150 AI models for real-time detection of traffic violations, suspect identification, and predictive analytics for crime prevention.

  • Finland’s VIRVE 2 mission-critical broadband service is being used by the country’s public safety organizations to facilitate real-time video transmission from body-worn cameras, drones, vehicle-mounted systems, and fixed surveillance units, enabling immediate on-site assessment of incident severity and improved situational awareness.

• In-Building Coverage, Deployables & Satellite Direct-to-Device Connectivity

  • In-building coverage is another important aspect of national programs. In the United States, FirstNet’s macro coverage layer is complemented by a growing number of indoor small cells – currently at 14,000 units – supporting operation in Band 14/n14 (700 MHz) spectrum. Britain’s ESN, Sweden’s SWEN, and Finland's VIRVE 2 programs will also involve large-scale rollouts of in-building coverage solutions.

  • COWs (Cells-on-Wheels), COLTs (Cells-on-Light Trucks), NIBs (Network-in-a-Box Systems), aerial cell sites, and other rapidly deployable LTE/5G network assets – supported by satellite, microwave, or fiber backhaul – are playing a pivotal role in facilitating mission-critical communications, real-time transmission of video footage, and improved situational awareness for incident command, emergency response, and search and rescue needs – for instance, the mobilization of deployables during special events such as the Las Vegas Grand Prix and last year’s Southern California wildfires in the United States.

  • Additionally, the FirstNet Authority, Finland’s Erillisverkot (State Security Networks Group), NSW (New South Wales) Telco Authority, and other critical communications network operators are pursuing the provision of direct-to-device coverage from LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites to close terrestrial service gaps and reduce reliance on deployable assets for restoring communications in areas affected by disasters.

• 5G NR Sidelink & Interim Solutions for Off-Network Communications

  • Meaningful progress is being made in addressing the remaining challenge of direct mode or D2D communications, which is often cited as the last major hurdle in the transition from LMR systems to 3GPP broadband technology. 5G NR sidelink-equipped prototype terminals for D2D communications and multi-hop relay networking are being made available for field trials by defense and public safety agencies between 2026 and 2027, with the commercial availability of chipsets expected before the end of the decade. 

  • In parallel, some national program administrators are adopting interim solutions, including LMR-based RSMs and hybrid LMR-broadband devices. For instance, in France, the RRF network’s operating agency ACMOSS (Agency for Operational Security & Rescue Mobile Communications) has introduced an Airbus-supplied RSM service continuity solution for point-to-point connectivity between users. The so-called “Micro Peer” RSM unit connects to an RRF broadband terminal via Bluetooth or a cable and supports direct mode operation using AES-256 encrypted DMR Tier II technology in the 380-430 MHz band.

  • Eviden, another French technology provider, has developed a tactical IP radio for dismounted soldiers and homeland security forces, which integrates two 4G/5G modems for wide area connectivity and a direct mode capability based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer. Operating in sub-1 GHz spectrum, the terminal is capable of supporting D2D and relay links of up to 2-4 kilometers in clear LOS (Line-of-Sight) conditions or 600-700 meters in deep forest or underground locations.    

  • Several device vendors – including Motorola Solutions, L3Harris, Airbus, Teltronic, Sepura, Tait, Cybertel, Hytera, Caltta, ASELSAN, TELOX, ICOM, Kirisun, Inrico, Boxchip, Estalky, and BelFone – have launched multi-bearer terminals that combine P25, TETRA, DMR, or other LMR technologies with 3GPP broadband access. The use cases of these hybrid terminals are not limited to off-network communications via LMR-enabled DMO (Direct Mode Operation). For example, Danish critical communications service provider DBK has adopted hybrid TETRA-LTE radios to expand the reach of its SINE TETRA network inside buildings, under parking lots, and other areas where cellular coverage is available but TETRA penetration is poor.

• Support for PPDR Spectrum & Features in Broadband Equipment

  • Another barrier that was previously impeding the market was the non-availability of cost-optimized RAN equipment and terminals that support operation in spectrum reserved for PPDR communications – most notably Band 68/n68 (698-703 / 753-758 MHz), which has been allocated for PPDR broadband systems in several national markets across Europe.

  • Multiple suppliers – including Ericsson, Nokia, Teltronic, CROSSCALL, RugGear/i.safe MOBILE, HMD Secure, Zebra, Sonim, and Samsung – have introduced support for Band 68/n68 in their RAN and terminal product offerings. Device vendors such as Cybertel, CROSSCALL, TELOX, Cyrus Technology, RugGear, and Hytera have also committed to supporting 410/450 MHz critical communications networks in their handheld terminals.

  • Many of these terminals also integrate specific capabilities for public safety communications, including 3GPP-compliant MCX client functionality, priority and preemption, eMBMS technology for resource-efficient group communications, and physical features such as programmable PTT and side keys, rotary knobs, and external antennas.  

  • In terms of physical design, vendors like Siyata, Cybertel, L3Harris, and Motorola Solutions are focusing on replicating the muscle memory experience associated with traditional LMR devices used by first responders, while the likes of CROSSCALL, HMD Secure, Purism, and Samsung are leaning towards form factors that blend durability with a more refined, smartphone-like aesthetic. 

  • Accessory manufacturer Stop Noise has launched an operating device that brings a physical button user interface to standard smartphones, enabling first responders to utilize its buttons for mission-critical functions such as PTT, talk group selection, video activation, or emergency triggers.

  • Recently, vendors such as Semtech have launched new rugged 5G routers that are aligned with public safety needs, including network slicing capabilities. HPUE technology, which enables public safety broadband terminals to transmit at power levels up to 1.25 watts in Band 14/n14 (700 MHz) spectrum, has been integrated into portable cases, fixed and vehicular routers, and hotspot devices by Nextivity and Sonim.  

• Vendor Landscape, Cross-Segment Partnerships & Acquisitions 

  • The network infrastructure segment is largely dominated by Scandinavian and Asian telecommunications giants Nokia, Ericsson, Samsung, and Huawei. A host of other RAN, core, and transport infrastructure suppliers are also involved in public safety broadband-related projects, including transportable 5G networks and fixed infrastructure as part of national programs.

  • The device ecosystem is far more diverse with the active involvement of smartphone giants, rugged broadband device specialists, and LMR industry incumbents. The segment is seeing selective M&A activity. For example, Siyata recently merged with Core Gaming to form Core AI Holdings, while NEXA (Formerly Social Mobile) is acquiring Sonim's rugged mobile phone and hotspot business.

  • The MCX and broadband PTT application sector is showing signs of consolidation. JVCKENWOOD has entered into an agreement to acquire ESChat (SLA Corporation) by the end of Q1 2026. Last year, L3Harris acquired Ericsson’s MCX server and soft-client technologies. Ericsson had previously inherited and further developed these solutions through its 2020 acquisition of MCPTT specialist Genaker.

  • Cross-segment partnerships for end-to-end solutions are common across network infrastructure, device, and application providers. For instance, Nokia has recently entered into partnerships with Motorola Solutions, Leonardo, and Savox, while Ericsson is part of L3Harris’ partner program for mission-critical communications. 

  • Consolidation is visible across the wider critical communications industry, including Axon’s acquisition of cloud-native NG911 specialist Carbyne, Day Wireless Systems' takeover of Irish critical communications solutions provider Sigma Wireless, Tait’s acquisitions of Australian video technology company m-View and New Zealand-based telecommunications service provider Vital, and Motorola Solutions’ acquisitions of NG911 solution provider RapidDeploy and mobile ad-hoc network technology provider Silvus Technologies. 

Topics Covered

The report covers the following topics: 

• Introduction to public safety LTE and 5G

• Value chain and ecosystem structure

• Market drivers and challenges

• System architecture and key elements of public safety LTE and 5G networks

• Operational models for public safety LTE and 5G networks, including fully dedicated, shared core, hybrid government-commercial, secure MVNO/MOCN, commercial, and sliced 5G networks 

• PPPs (Public-Private Partnerships) and other common approaches to financing and delivering dedicated nationwide public safety broadband networks

• Enabling technologies and concepts, including 3GPP-defined MCX, QPP, network slicing, end-to-end security, high-precision positioning, HPUE, IOPS, rapidly deployable LTE/5G systems, eMBMS and 5G MBS/5MBS-based multicast bearer support, ProSe and 5G NR sidelink for off-network communications, VMRs, MWAB, NTN integration, and ATG/A2G connectivity.

• Analysis of public safety broadband application scenarios and use cases, ranging from mission-critical group communications and real-time video transmission to 5G era applications centered upon MCX services in high-density environments, massive-scale UHD (Ultra-High Definition) video surveillance and analytics, AR/VR/MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality), drones, and robotics

• Key trends such as the growing prevalence of nationwide hybrid government-commercial broadband networks, production-grade deployments of 3GPP-compliant MCX services, NG911 and situational awareness platform integration, interoperability gateway and IWF solutions for LMR-MCX interworking, hybrid LMR-broadband devices, interim solutions for off-network communications, independent private 5G networks, in-building coverage, portable 5G systems for emergency response and disaster relief operations, and direct-to-device satellite connectivity. 

• Future roadmap for the public safety LTE and 5G market

• Review of public safety LTE/5G engagements worldwide, including a detailed assessment of 20 nationwide public safety broadband projects and additional case studies of 50 dedicated, hybrid, secure MVNO/MOCN, and commercial operator-supplied systems

• Spectrum availability, allocation, and usage across the global, regional, and national domains

• Standardization, regulatory, and collaborative initiatives

• Profiles and strategies of 1,800 ecosystem players, including LTE/5G equipment suppliers and public safety domain specialists

• Strategic recommendations for public safety and government agencies, LTE/5G infrastructure, device and chipset suppliers, LMR vendors, system integrators, mobile operators, and critical communications service providers

• Market analysis and forecasts from 2025 to 2030

Forecast Segmentation:

Market forecasts are provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories: 

• Public Safety LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure

  • Submarkets

    • RAN (Radio Access Network)

    • Mobile Core

    • Backhaul & Transport

  • Technology Generations

    • LTE

    • 5G NR

  • Mobility Categories

    • Fixed Base Stations & Infrastructure

    • Deployable Network Assets

  • Deployable Network Asset Form Factors

    • NIB (Network-in-a-Box)

    • Vehicular COWs (Cells-on-Wheels)

    • Aerial Cell Sites

    • Maritime Platforms

  • RAN Base Station (eNB/gNB) Cell Sizes

    • Macrocells

    • Small Cells

  • Backhaul & Transport Transmission Mediums

    • Fiber & Wireline

    • Microwave

    • Satellite

• Public Safety LTE & 5G Terminal Equipment

  • Technology Generations

    • LTE

    • 5G NR

  • Form Factors

    • Smartphones & Handportable Terminals

    • Mobile & Vehicular Routers

    • Fixed CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment)

    • Tablets & Notebook PCs

    • IoT Modules, Dongles & Others

• Public Safety LTE & 5G Subscriptions/Service Revenue

  • Technology Generations

    • LTE

    • 5G NR

  • Network Types

    • Dedicated & Hybrid Government-Commercial Networks

    • Secure MVNO & MOCN Networks

    • Sliced & Commercial Mobile Networks

• Public Safety LTE & 5G Systems Integration & Management Solutions

  • Submarkets

    • Network Integration & Testing

    • Device Management & User Services

    • Managed Services, Operations & Maintenance

    • Cybersecurity

• Public Safety Broadband Applications

  • Submarkets

    • Mission-Critical Voice & Group Communications

    • Real-Time Video Transmission

    • Messaging, File Transfer & Presence Services

    • Mobile Office & Field Applications

    • Location Services & Mapping

    • Situational Awareness

    • Command & Control

    • AR/VR/MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality)

• Regional Markets

  • North America

  • Asia Pacific

  • Europe

  • Middle East & Africa

  • Latin & Central America

Key Questions Answered

The report provides answers to the following key questions: 

• How big is the public safety LTE and 5G opportunity?

• What trends, drivers, and challenges are influencing its growth?

• What will the market size be in 2028, and at what rate will it grow?

• Which submarkets and regions will see the highest percentage of growth?

• What are the operational models and application scenarios of LTE and 5G for first responders?

• What are the existing and candidate frequency bands for the operation of PPDR broadband systems?

• How can public safety stakeholders leverage excess spectrum capacity to ensure the economic viability of purpose-built LTE and 5G NR infrastructure?

• When will MCX, HPUE, IOPS, eMBMS, 5G MBS, 5G NR sidelink, VMRs, MWAB, NTN connectivity, and other 3GPP-defined critical communications features be widely employed?   

• What is the status of fully dedicated, hybrid government-commercial, and secure MVNO/MOCN-based public safety broadband networks worldwide? 

• When will nationwide public safety broadband networks replace existing digital LMR systems?

• What opportunities exist for commercial mobile operators and critical communications service providers?

• What are the future prospects of ground-based, airborne, and maritime LTE and 5G NR-equipped portable network systems for incident command and emergency response needs?

• How will 5G enable advanced features such as MCX services in high-density environments, UE-to-network and UE-to-UE relaying for coverage expansion, satellite-assisted NR access, high-precision positioning, and network slicing-based dynamic QoS guarantees and isolation?

• Who are the key ecosystem players, and what are their strategies?

• What strategies should LTE/5G equipment suppliers, LMR vendors, system integrators, mobile operators, and critical communications service providers adopt to remain competitive?

Table of Contents

1 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Executive Summary

1.2 Topics Covered

1.3 Forecast Segmentation

1.4 Key Questions Answered

1.5 Key Findings

1.6 Summary of Recent Market Developments

1.7 Methodology

1.8 Target Audience

2 Chapter 2: An Overview of the Public Safety LTE & 5G Market

2.1 Narrowband LMR (Land Mobile Radio) Systems in the Public Safety Sector

2.1.1 LMR Market Size

2.1.1.1 Analog LMR

2.1.1.2 DMR

2.1.1.3 dPMR, NXDN & PDT

2.1.1.4 P25

2.1.1.5 TETRA

2.1.1.6 Tetrapol

2.1.1.7 Other LMR Technologies

2.1.2 Data Service Limitations in Digital LMR Systems

2.2 Adoption of Commercial Mobile Broadband Technologies

2.2.1 Why Use Commercial Technologies?

2.2.2 Role of Mobile Broadband in Public Safety Communications

2.2.3 Can Mission-Critical 3GPP Networks Fully Replace LMR Systems?

2.3 An Introduction to the 3GPP-Defined LTE & 5G Standards

2.3.1 LTE: The First Global Standard for Cellular Communications

2.3.2 LTE-Advanced: Delivering the Promise of True 4G Performance

2.3.3 LTE-Advanced Pro: Laying the Foundation for the 5G Era

2.3.4 Public Safety Communications Support in LTE-Advanced Pro

2.3.5 5G: Accelerating 3GPP Expansion in Vertical Industries

2.3.5.1 5G Service Profiles

2.3.5.1.1 eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband)

2.3.5.1.2 URLLC (Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communications)

2.3.5.1.3 mMTC/mIoT (Massive Machine-Type Communications/Internet of Things)

2.3.6 5G-Advanced & the Evolution to 6G

2.3.7 5G Application Scenarios for Public Safety

2.4 Why Adopt LTE & 5G for Public Safety Broadband?

2.4.1 Performance, Reliability & Security Characteristics

2.4.2 Spectrum Diversity & Flexible Channel Bandwidths

2.4.3 Support for Mission-Critical Applications

2.4.4 Interworking With Legacy LMR Systems

2.4.5 Future Transition Path Towards 6G Networks

2.4.6 Thriving Ecosystem of Chipsets, Devices & Network Equipment

2.5 Public Safety Broadband Network Operational Models

2.5.1 Fully Dedicated Private Broadband Network

2.5.2 Shared Core Network With Independent RANs

2.5.3 Hybrid Government-Commercial Network

2.5.4 Secure MVNO & MOCN (Dedicated Mobile Core)

2.5.5 Access Over Commercial Broadband Networks

2.5.6 Sliced 5G Network for Public Safety Communications

2.5.7 Other Approaches

2.6 Financing & Delivering Dedicated Public Safety Broadband Networks

2.6.1 National Government Authority-Owned & Operated

2.6.2 Local Government/Public Safety Agency-Owned & Operated

2.6.3 BOO (Built, Owned & Operated) by Critical Communications Service Provider

2.6.4 Government-Funded & Commercial Carrier-Operated

2.6.5 Other Forms of PPPs (Public-Private Partnerships)

2.7 Public Safety LTE/5G Value Chain

2.7.1 Enabling Technology Providers

2.7.2 Terminal Equipment Manufacturers

2.7.3 RAN, Mobile Core & Transport Infrastructure Suppliers

2.7.4 MCX/PTT & Broadband-Enabled Application Developers

2.7.5 Connectivity Providers

2.7.5.1 Critical Communications Service Providers

2.7.5.2 Commercial Mobile Operators

2.7.5.3 In-Building Neutral Hosts

2.7.5.4 Satellite Operators & Others

2.7.6 Public Safety Communications System Integrators

2.7.7 Dispatch, Control Room & Ancillary System Specialists

2.7.8 Test/Measurement, Cybersecurity & Other Ecosystem Players

2.7.9 End User Organizations

2.8 Market Drivers

2.8.1 Growing Demand for Video Communications & High-Speed Data Access

2.8.2 Public Safety Community’s Endorsement of 3GPP Technology

2.8.3 Support for MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data) Functionality

2.8.4 Provision of Enhanced QPP (QoS, Priority & Preemption) Capabilities

2.8.5 Interoperability for National & Cross-Border Operations

2.8.6 Data Privacy & Network Security in Dedicated Broadband Networks

2.8.7 Cost Benefits Enabled by Consumer-Driven Economies of Scale

2.8.8 Limited Competition From Non-3GPP Broadband Technologies

2.9 Market Barriers

2.9.1 Licensed PPDR Spectrum Availability & Legal Basis for QPP Capabilities

2.9.2 Financial Challenges Associated With Nationwide & Large-Scale Deployments

2.9.3 Technical Complexities of Dedicated Network Implementation & Operation

2.9.4 Gap Between Standardization & Commercial Availability of Critical Features

2.9.5 ProSe/Sidelink Chipset Ecosystem for Direct Mode Communications

2.9.6 Design & Ergonomics of Broadband Devices for Critical Communications

2.9.7 COTS (Commercial Off-the-Shelf) Network Equipment Challenges

2.9.8 Conservatism of End User Organizations

3 Chapter 3: System Architecture & Technologies for Public Safety LTE/5G Networks

3.1 Architectural Components of Public Safety LTE/5G Networks

3.1.1 UE (User Equipment)

3.1.1.1 Smartphones & Handportable Terminals

3.1.1.2 Mobile & Vehicular Routers

3.1.1.3 Fixed CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment)

3.1.1.4 Tablets & Notebook PCs

3.1.1.5 Smart Wearables

3.1.1.6 Cellular IoT Modules

3.1.1.7 Add-On Dongles

3.1.2 RAN (Radio Access Network)

3.1.2.1 E-UTRAN – LTE RAN

3.1.2.1.1 eNBs – LTE Base Stations

3.1.2.2 NG-RAN – 5G NR Access Network

3.1.2.2.1 gNBs – 5G NR Base Stations

3.1.2.2.2 en-gNBs – Secondary Node 5G NR Base Stations

3.1.2.2.3 ng-eNBs – Next-Generation LTE Base Stations

3.1.2.3 Architectural Components of eNB/gNB Base Stations

3.1.2.3.1 RUs (Radio Units)

3.1.2.3.2 Integrated Radio & Baseband Units

3.1.2.3.3 DUs (Distributed Baseband Units)

3.1.2.3.4 CUs (Centralized Baseband Units)

3.1.3 Transport Network

3.1.3.1 Fronthaul

3.1.3.2 Midhaul

3.1.3.3 Backhaul

3.1.3.4 Physical Transmission Mediums

3.1.3.4.1 Fiber & Wireline Transport Technologies

3.1.3.4.2 Microwave & mmWave (Millimeter Wave) Wireless Links

3.1.3.4.3 Satellite Communications

3.1.4 Mobile Core

3.1.4.1 EPC (Evolved Packet Core) – LTE Mobile Core

3.1.4.1.1 SGW (Serving Gateway)

3.1.4.1.2 PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway)

3.1.4.1.3 MME (Mobility Management Entity)

3.1.4.1.4 HSS (Home Subscriber Server)

3.1.4.1.5 PCRF (Policy Charging & Rules Function)

3.1.4.2 5GC (5G Core) – Core Network for Standalone 5G Implementations

3.1.4.2.1 AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function)

3.1.4.2.2 SMF (Session Management Function)

3.1.4.2.3 UPF (User Plane Function)

3.1.4.2.4 PCF (Policy Control Function)

3.1.4.2.5 NEF (Network Exposure Function)

3.1.4.2.6 NRF (Network Repository Function)

3.1.4.2.7 UDM (Unified Data Management)

3.1.4.2.8 UDR (Unified Data Repository)

3.1.4.2.9 AUSF (Authentication Server Function)

3.1.4.2.10 AFs (Application Functions)

3.1.4.2.11 NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function)

3.1.4.2.12 NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function)

3.1.4.3 Other 5GC Elements

3.1.5 Services & Interconnectivity

3.1.5.1 IMS (IP-Multimedia Subsystem) & Application Service Elements

3.1.5.1.1 IMS Core & VoLTE-VoNR (Voice-Over-LTE & 5G NR)

3.1.5.1.2 MBMS, eMBMS, FeMBMS & 5G MBS/5MBS (5G Multicast-Broadcast Services)

3.1.5.1.3 Group Communications & MCS (Mission-Critical Services)

3.1.5.1.4 ProSe (Proximity-Based Services) for Direct D2D (Device-to-Device) Discovery & Communications

3.1.5.2 Interconnectivity With 3GPP & Non-3GPP Networks

3.1.5.2.1 3GPP Roaming & Service Continuity

3.1.5.2.2 National & International Roaming

3.1.5.2.3 Service Continuity Outside Network Footprint

3.1.5.2.4 Interoperability Gateways Supporting Non-3GPP Network Integration

3.1.5.2.5 IWF (Interworking Function) for LMR-3GPP Interworking

3.2 Key Enabling Technologies & Concepts

3.2.1 MCPTT (Mission-Critical PTT) Voice & Group Communications

3.2.1.1 Functional Capabilities of the MCPTT Service

3.2.1.2 Performance Comparison With LMR Voice Services

3.2.1.3 Mission-Critical Video & Data

3.2.1.3.1 MCVideo (Mission-Critical Video)

3.2.1.3.2 MCData (Mission-Critical Data)

3.2.2 ProSe & Sidelink (PC5) Interface for Direct Mode Communications

3.2.2.1 Direct Communication for Coverage Extension

3.2.2.2 Direct Communication Within Network Coverage

3.2.2.3 Infrastructure Failure & Emergency Scenarios

3.2.2.4 Additional Capacity for Incident Response & Special Events

3.2.2.5 Discovery Services for Disaster Relief

3.2.3 UE-Related Enhancements

3.2.3.1 Ruggedization to Meet Critical Communications User Requirements

3.2.3.2 Dedicated PTT Buttons & Functional Enhancements

3.2.3.3 Long-Lasting Batteries

3.2.3.4 HPUE (High-Power User Equipment)

3.2.3.5 Wireless Connection Bonding

3.2.4 IOPS (Isolated Operation for Public Safety)

3.2.4.1 Ensuring Resilience & Service Continuity for Critical Communications

3.2.4.2 Localized Mobile Core & Application Capabilities

3.2.4.3 Support for Regular & Nomadic Base Stations

3.2.4.4 Isolated RAN Scenarios

3.2.4.4.1 No Backhaul

3.2.4.4.2 Limited Backhaul for Signaling Only

3.2.4.4.3 Limited Backhaul for Signaling & User Data

3.2.5 Cell Site & Infrastructure Hardening

3.2.5.1 Overlapping Cell Site Coverage

3.2.5.2 Geo-Redundant Data Centers

3.2.5.3 Multiple Backhaul Connections

3.2.5.4 Backup Power Sources

3.2.5.5 Structural Hardening

3.2.5.6 Cyber & Physical Security Measures

3.2.6 Rapidly Deployable LTE & 5G Network Systems

3.2.6.1 Key Operational Capabilities

3.2.6.1.1 RAN-Only Systems for Coverage & Capacity Enhancement

3.2.6.1.2 Mobile Core-Integrated Systems for Autonomous Operation

3.2.6.1.3 Backhaul Interfaces & Connectivity

3.2.6.2 NIB (Network-in-a-Box): Self-Contained Portable Systems

3.2.6.2.1 Backpacks

3.2.6.2.2 Tactical Cases

3.2.6.2.3 Pre-Integrated Racks

3.2.6.3 Wheeled & Vehicular-Based Deployables

3.2.6.3.1 COW (Cell-on-Wheels)

3.2.6.3.2 COLT (Cell-on-Light Truck)

3.2.6.3.3 SOW (System-on-Wheels)

3.2.6.3.4 VNS (Vehicular Network System)

3.2.6.4 Aerial Cell Sites

3.2.6.4.1 Drones

3.2.6.4.2 Balloons

3.2.6.4.3 Other Aircraft

3.2.6.5 Maritime Cellular Platforms

3.2.7 Network Coverage Extension

3.2.7.1 UE-to-Network & UE-to-UE Relays

3.2.7.2 Indoor & Outdoor Small Cells

3.2.7.3 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)

3.2.7.4 IAB (Integrated Access & Backhaul)

3.2.7.5 Mobile IAB: VMRs (Vehicle-Mounted Relays)

3.2.7.6 MWAB (Mobile gNB With Wireless Access Backhauling)

3.2.7.7 NCRs (Network-Controlled Repeaters)

3.2.7.8 NTNs (Non-Terrestrial Networks) & Direct-to-Device Technology

3.2.7.9 ATG/A2G (Air-to-Ground) Connectivity

3.2.8 QPP Mechanisms for Network Resource Control

3.2.8.1 Access Priority: ACB (Access Class Barring) & UAC (Unified Access Control)

3.2.8.2 Admission Control Priority: ARP (Allocation & Retention Priority)

3.2.8.3 Preemption: PCI/PVI (Preemption Capability & Vulnerability Information)

3.2.8.4 Traffic Scheduling Priority: QCI (QoS Class Indicator) & 5QI (5G QoS Identifier)

3.2.8.5 Emergency Scenarios: MPS (Multimedia Priority Service)

3.2.8.6 Application Priority & Additional Capabilities

3.2.9 E2E (End-to-End) Security

3.2.9.1 3GPP-Specified Security Architecture

3.2.9.1.1 UE Authentication Framework

3.2.9.1.2 Subscriber Privacy

3.2.9.1.3 Air Interface Confidentiality & Integrity

3.2.9.1.4 Resilience Against Radio Jamming

3.2.9.1.5 RAN, Core & Transport Network Security

3.2.9.1.6 Security Aspects of Network Slicing

3.2.9.2 Application Domain Protection & E2E Encryption

3.2.9.3 National Requirements & Other Considerations

3.2.9.4 Quantum Cryptography Technologies

3.2.10 3GPP Support for NPNs (Non-Public Networks)

3.2.10.1 Types of NPNs

3.2.10.1.1 SNPNs (Standalone NPNs)

3.2.10.1.2 PNI-NPNs (Public Network-Integrated NPNs)

3.2.10.2 SNPN Identification & Selection

3.2.10.3 PNI-NPN Resource Allocation & Isolation

3.2.10.4 CAG (Closed Access Group) for Cell Access Control

3.2.10.5 Mobility, Roaming & Service Continuity

3.2.10.6 Interworking Between SNPNs & Public Networks

3.2.10.7 UE Configuration & Subscription-Related Aspects

3.2.10.8 Other 3GPP-Defined Capabilities for NPNs

3.2.11 Network Slicing

3.2.11.1 Logical Partitioning of Network Resources

3.2.11.2 3GPP Functions, Identifiers & Procedures for Slicing

3.2.11.3 RAN Slicing

3.2.11.4 Mobile Core Slicing

3.2.11.5 Transport Network Slicing

3.2.11.6 UE-Based Network Slicing Features

3.2.11.7 Management & Orchestration Aspects

3.2.12 Infrastructure Sharing

3.2.12.1 Service-Specific PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) IDs

3.2.12.2 DNN (Data Network Name)/APN (Access Point Name)-Based Isolation

3.2.12.3 GWCN (Gateway Core Network): Core Network Sharing

3.2.12.4 MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network): RAN & Spectrum Sharing

3.2.12.5 MORAN (Multi-Operator RAN): RAN Sharing Without Spectrum Pooling

3.2.12.6 DECOR (Dedicated Core) & eDECOR (Enhanced DECOR)

3.2.12.7 Roaming in Non-Overlapping Service Areas

3.2.12.8 Passive Sharing of Infrastructure Resources

3.2.13 IoT-Focused Technologies

3.2.13.1 eMTC, NB-IoT & mMTC: LTE-Based Wide Area & High-Density IoT Applications

3.2.13.2 5G NR Light: RedCap (Reduced Capability) UE Type

3.2.13.3 eRedCap (Enhanced RedCap) for Low-Tier Use Cases

3.2.13.4 Ambient IoT Technology Supporting Battery-Less Operation

3.2.13.5 URLLC Techniques: High-Reliability & Low-Latency Enablers

3.2.13.6 5G LAN (Local Area Network)-Type Service

3.2.13.7 Integration With IEEE 802.1 TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) Systems

3.2.13.8 Native 3GPP Framework for TSC (Time-Sensitive Communications)

3.2.13.9 Support for IETF DetNet (Deterministic Networking)

3.2.14 High-Precision Positioning

3.2.14.1 Assisted-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)

3.2.14.2 RAN-Based Positioning Techniques

3.2.14.3 RAN-Independent Methods

3.2.15 Spectrum Sharing & Management

3.2.15.1 Public Safety Spectrum Sharing & Aggregation

3.2.15.2 SDR (Software-Defined Radio)

3.2.15.3 Cognitive Radio & Spectrum Sensing

3.2.15.4 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum

3.2.15.4.1 DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing): LTE & 5G NR Coexistence

3.2.15.4.2 CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service): Three-Tiered Sharing

3.2.15.4.3 LSA (Licensed Shared Access) & eLSA (Evolved LSA): Two-Tiered Sharing

3.2.15.4.4 AFC (Automated Frequency Coordination): License-Exempt Sharing

3.2.15.4.5 Local Area Licensing of Shared Spectrum

3.2.15.4.6 LTE-U, LAA (Licensed Assisted Access), eLAA (Enhanced LAA) & FeLAA (Further Enhanced LAA)

3.2.15.4.7 MulteFire: Standalone LTE Operation in Unlicensed Spectrum

3.2.15.4.8 License-Exempt 1.9 GHz sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform)

3.2.15.4.9 5G NR-U (NR in Unlicensed Spectrum)

3.2.16 MEC (Multi-Access or Mobile Edge Computing)

3.2.16.1 Optimizing Latency, Service Performance & Backhaul Costs

3.2.16.2 3GPP-Defined Features for Edge Computing Support

3.2.16.3 Public vs. Private Edge Computing

3.2.17 Cloud-Native, Software-Driven & Open Networking

3.2.17.1 Cloud-Native Technologies

3.2.17.2 Microservices & SBA (Service-Based Architecture)

3.2.17.3 Containerization of Network Functions

3.2.17.4 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)

3.2.17.5 SDN (Software-Defined Networking)

3.2.17.6 Cloud Compute, Storage & Networking Infrastructure

3.2.17.7 APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)

3.2.17.8 Open RAN & Core Architectures

3.2.18 Network Intelligence & Automation

3.2.18.1 AI (Artificial Intelligence)

3.2.18.2 Machine & Deep Learning

3.2.18.3 Big Data & Advanced Analytics

3.2.18.4 SON (Self-Organizing Networks)

3.2.18.5 Intelligent Control, Management & Orchestration

3.2.18.6 Support for Network Intelligence & Automation in 3GPP Standards

4 Chapter 4: Public Safety LTE/5G Application Scenarios & Use Cases

4.1 Mission-Critical HD Voice & Group Communications

4.1.1 Group Calls

4.1.2 Private Calls

4.1.3 First-to-Answer Calls

4.1.4 Broadcast Calls

4.1.5 Imminent Peril Calls

4.1.6 Emergency Calls & Alerts

4.1.7 Ambient & Discrete Listening

4.1.8 Remotely Initiated Calls

4.2 Real-Time Video & High-Resolution Imagery

4.2.1 Mobile Video & Imagery Transmission

4.2.2 Video Transport From Fixed Cameras

4.2.3 Aerial Video Surveillance

4.2.4 Group-Based Video Communications

4.2.5 Video Conferencing for Small Groups

4.2.6 Private One-To-One Video Calls

4.2.7 Video Pull & Push Services

4.2.8 Ambient Viewing

4.3 Messaging, File Transfer & Presence Services

4.3.1 SDS (Short Data Service)

4.3.2 RTT (Real-Time Text)

4.3.3 File Distribution

4.3.4 Multimedia Messaging

4.3.5 Data Streaming

4.3.6 Presence & Status

4.4 Secure & Seamless Mobile Broadband Access

4.4.1 IPCon (IP Connectivity) for Mission-Critical Services

4.4.2 Email, Internet & Corporate Intranet

4.4.3 Remote Database Access

4.4.4 Mobile Office & Field Applications

4.4.5 Wireless Telemetry

4.4.6 Bulk Multimedia & Data Transfers

4.4.7 Seamless Data Roaming

4.4.8 Public Safety-Grade Mobile VPN (Virtual Private Network)

4.5 Location Services & Mapping

4.5.1 Network-Assisted GPS/GNSS

4.5.2 Indoor & Urban Positioning

4.5.3 Floor-Level & 3D Geolocation

4.5.4 Advanced Mapping & Spatial Analytics

4.5.5 AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location) & Fleet Management

4.5.6 Field Personnel & Asset Tracking

4.5.7 Navigation for Vehicles, Vessels & Aircraft

4.5.8 Geo-Fencing for Public Safety Operations

4.6 Command & Control

4.6.1 CAD (Computer Aided Dispatch)

4.6.2 NG911 (Next-Generation 911) Integration

4.6.3 Situational Awareness

4.6.4 Common Operating Picture

4.6.5 Integration of Critical IoT Assets

4.6.6 Remote Control of Drones, Robots & Other Unmanned Systems

4.6.7 Digital Signage & Traffic Alerts

4.7 5G & Advanced Public Safety Broadband Applications

4.7.1 UHD (Ultra-High Definition) Video Transmission

4.7.2 Massive-Scale Surveillance & Analytics

4.7.3 AR, VR & MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality)

4.7.4 Smart Glasses for Frontline Police Officers

4.7.5 5G-Connected AR Headgear for Firefighters

4.7.6 Telehealth & Remote Surgery for EMS (Emergency Medical Services)

4.7.7 AR Overlays for Police Cruisers, Ambulances, Fire Engines & Helicopters

4.7.8 Holographic Command Centers

4.7.9 Wireless VR/MR-Based Training

4.7.10 Real-Time Physiological Monitoring of First Responders

4.7.11 5G-Equipped Autonomous Police Robots

4.7.12 Unmanned Aerial, Ground & Marine Vehicles

4.7.13 Powering the IoLST (Internet of Life Saving Things)

4.7.14 5G MBS/5MBS Multicast-Broadcast Services in High-Density Environments

4.7.15 5G NR Sidelink-Based Direct Mode Voice, Video & Data Communications

4.7.16 Coverage Expansion Through UE-To-Network & UE-to-UE Relaying

4.7.17 Satellite & NTN-Assisted 5G NR Access

4.7.18 Centimeter-Level Positioning for First Responder Operations

4.7.19 Practical Examples of 5G Era Public Safety Applications

4.7.19.1 Abu Dhabi Police: Leveraging Private 5G & AI Models for Real-Time Video Intelligence

4.7.19.2 Area X.O (Invest Ottawa): 5G Mobile Command Center

4.7.19.3 Blueforce Development: 5G & Edge Computing for Situational Awareness

4.7.19.4 City of Istres: Private 5G-Connected Video Surveillance Cameras

4.7.19.5 City of Las Vegas: Improving Traffic Safety With Municipal Private 5G Network

4.7.19.6 Citymesh: 5G Safety Drone Shield for Emergency Services

4.7.19.7 Cosumnes Fire Department: AR Firefighting Helmets

4.7.19.8 DRZ (German Rescue Robotics Center): 5G-Equipped Mobile Robotics for Rescue Operations

4.7.19.9 Dubai Police: AI-Enabled Identification of Criminals

4.7.19.10 Edgybees: Real-Time Augmented Visual Intelligence

4.7.19.11 Edmonton Police Service: 5G Network Slicing for Critical Surveillance During Special Events

4.7.19.12 Gimcheon City Integrated Control Center: Private 5G Network for AI-Powered CCTV System

4.7.19.13 Government of Catalonia: 5G-Equipped Emergency Medical Vehicles

4.7.19.14 Hsinchu City Fire Department: Digital Resiliency Through Satellite-Backhauled Private 5G Network

4.7.19.15 Kaohsiung City Police Department: 5G Smart Patrol Car Solution Based on End-to-End Network Slicing

4.7.19.16 LAFD (Los Angeles Fire Department): Prioritized 5G Connectivity for Wildfire Response

4.7.19.17 Leuven Police: Combating Illegal Dumping & Public Nuisances With 5G-Connected Mobile Cameras

4.7.19.18 Lishui Municipal Emergency Management Bureau: 5G-Enabled Natural Disaster Management System

4.7.19.19 Madrid City Council: Hybrid Sliced & Private 5G Network Solution for Enhanced Emergency Preparedness

4.7.19.20 Maebashi City Fire Department: 5G for Emergency Response & Rescue Services

4.7.19.21 Mexico City Police: Transforming Law Enforcement Training Using Private 5G & Wireless VR

4.7.19.22 National Police of the Netherlands: AR-Facilitated Crime Scene Investigations

4.7.19.23 New Zealand Police: Aerial Surveillance Through 5G NR Connectivity

4.7.19.24 NHS (National Health Service, United Kingdom): 5G-Connected Smart Ambulances

4.7.19.25 Norwegian Air Ambulance: Portable 5G Network for Search & Rescue Operations

4.7.19.26 PDRM (Royal Malaysia Police): 5G-Enabled Safe City Solution for Langkawi

4.7.19.27 Shenzhen Public Security Bureau: 5G-Connected Unmanned Police Boats

4.7.19.28 Skydio: 5G-Enabled Multi-Modal Drone Connectivity Solution for Public Safety Agencies

4.7.19.29 SPF (Singapore Police Force): 5G-Equipped Police Robots

4.7.19.30 UME (Emergency Military Unit, Spain): Private 5G Solution for Forest Firefighting Operations

5 Chapter 5: Review of Public Safety LTE/5G Engagements Worldwide

5.1 North America

5.1.1 United States: Leading the Way With FirstNet – The World's Largest Public Safety Broadband Network

5.1.2 Canada: National PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network) – Hopes for Progress Through New National Security Funding

5.2 Asia Pacific

5.2.1 Australia: National PSMB (Public Safety Mobile Broadband) Program

5.2.2 New Zealand: PSN (Public Safety Network) Program – Multi-Operator Cellular Roaming With Priority & Preemption

5.2.3 China: Private 5G Slicing & Band 45 (1.4 GHz) LTE Networks for Police Forces

5.2.4 Hong Kong: NGCS (Next-Generation Communications System) – Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) Mission-Critical 5G Network

5.2.5 Taiwan: Private 5G Deployables for Local Agencies & Planned Implementation of an MOCN-Enabled National PPDR Broadband System

5.2.6 Japan: PSMS (Public Safety Mobile System) – National Secure MVNO Service With Priority Access for First Responders

5.2.7 South Korea: Safe-Net – Spearheading Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network Deployments

5.2.8 Singapore: Evolution of Public Safety Communications & Sliced Defense/National Security 5G Solution

5.2.9 Malaysia: Evaluating Multiple Delivery Models for Mission-Critical Broadband Services

5.2.10 Indonesia: Hybrid Narrowband-Broadband Solutions & Field Trials of 450/700 MHz Public Safety LTE Networks

5.2.11 Philippines: Rapidly Deployable LTE Systems for Disaster Relief

5.2.12 Thailand: Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) LTE Network for the Royal Thai Police

5.2.13 Vietnam: Future Plans for a Public Safety Broadband Capability

5.2.14 Laos: LTE-Based Emergency Communications Networks for Local Governments

5.2.15 Myanmar: Possible Rollout of a 700 MHz Public Safety Broadband Network

5.2.16 India: Proposed Deployment of a Pan-India BB-PPDR (Broadband PPDR) Network

5.2.17 Pakistan: Dedicated Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) LTE Networks for Safe City Projects

5.2.18 Sri Lanka: Planned Deployment of an LTE-Based Emergency Services Communications System

5.2.19 Bangladesh: Portable LTE Networks for VIP Protection Operations

5.3 Europe

5.3.1 United Kingdom

5.3.1.1 Great Britain: ESN – Leveraging Resilient Commercial RAN Infrastructure for Emergency Communications

5.3.1.2 Northern Ireland: Shared RAN for FRMCS & Public Safety Broadband Communications

5.3.2 Republic of Ireland: TETRA Replacement With a Hybrid Commercial-Government Network

5.3.3 France: RRF (Radio Network of the Future) – Transitioning From Tetrapol to Mission-Critical Broadband

5.3.4 Germany: Moving Towards Phase 1 of New BDBOS Broadband Program

5.3.5 Belgium: NextGenCom (Next-Generation Mobile Communication) Program

5.3.6 Luxembourg: MCX Over Commercial Networks & RRVs (Rapid Response Vehicles) for Security Missions

5.3.7 Netherlands: Upcoming Tender Process VMX (Mission-Critical Communications Renewal) Program

5.3.8 Switzerland: Delays to the MSK (Secure Mobile Broadband Communications) Program

5.3.9 Austria: Preliminary Planning for a Future Secure Mobile Broadband System

5.3.10 Italy: National Rollout of Mission-Critical Broadband Across 11 Provinces

5.3.11 Spain: Ongoing Buildout of the SIRDEE Mission-Critical Broadband Network

5.3.12 Portugal: Field Trials of TETRA-LTE Integration & 5G for Emergency Services

5.3.13 Sweden: SWEN (Swedish Emergency Network) – Progressing Towards TETRA-to-3GPP MCX Migration

5.3.14 Norway: Nytt Nødnett – Mission-Critical Communications Over Commercial 3GPP Networks

5.3.15 Denmark: FREBI (Future of Emergency Communication – Infrastructure) Project

5.3.16 Finland: VIRVE 2 – MOCN-Based Mission-Critical Broadband Service

5.3.17 Estonia: Preliminary Planning for TETRA-to-Broadband Migration

5.3.18 Latvia: 5G-Connected Drones for Public Safety Monitoring & Rescue Operations

5.3.19 Lithuania: Preparatory Work on National Public Safety Broadband Program

5.3.20 Czech Republic: Virtual Network Operator Model for Governmental Purposes

5.3.21 Poland: MCX Over 410 MHz LTE Network for First Responders & Critical User Groups

5.3.22 Hungary: EDR 2.0 Broadband Service Over Band 3/n3 (1.8 GHz) 5G-Ready PPDR Network

5.3.23 Slovenia: Establishment of an Interface Between TETRA & LTE/5G Networks

5.3.24 Croatia: Early Planning Efforts for PPDR Broadband Program

5.3.25 Türkiye: KETUM Hybrid Narrowband-Broadband Public Safety Communications System

5.3.26 Cyprus: Planned Deployment of 700 MHz Public Safety Broadband Network

5.3.27 Greece: Preparations for National Mobile Broadband Project

5.3.28 Bulgaria: LTE-Equipped Body Cameras & TETRA-Broadband Integration

5.3.29 Romania: Procurement Contracts Issued for Hybrid PPDR Broadband Network

5.3.30 Serbia: Expansion of eLTE Network for Video Surveillance & Broadband Trunking

5.3.31 Ukraine: Use of Both Private & Commercial Mobile Networks for Public Safety Broadband

5.3.32 Russia: Delayed Buildout of 360-380 MHz LTE Network for Public Safety & Transport Authorities

5.4 Middle East & Africa

5.4.1 Saudi Arabia: Mission-Critical Broadband Network for Defense, Law Enforcement & Intelligence Agencies

5.4.2 United Arab Emirates: Emirate-Wide Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) Public Safety Broadband Networks

5.4.3 Qatar: The Middle East's First Dedicated Public Safety Broadband Network

5.4.4 Oman: Nationwide Band 20/n20 (800 MHz) LTE Network for the ROP (Royal Oman Police)

5.4.5 Bahrain: Planned Rollout of PPDR Broadband Network

5.4.6 Kuwait: Mission-Critical Communications Solution for Narrowband-to-Broadband Transition

5.4.7 Iraq: Local LTE-Based Wireless Systems for Tactical Communications

5.4.8 Jordan: Hybrid TETRA-LTE Communications System

5.4.9 Lebanon: LTE Network for Internal Security Forces

5.4.10 Israel: Mission-Critical LTE/5G-Ready Networks for Military & Public Safety Communications

5.4.11 Egypt: NAS (Unified National Emergency & Public Safety Network) Program

5.4.12 Tunisia: Dedicated Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) Spectrum for Public Safety Broadband

5.4.13 South Africa: Demand for Access to Sub-1 GHz PPDR Broadband Spectrum

5.4.14 Botswana: Planned Band 87/n87 (410 MHz) Public Safety Broadband Network

5.4.15 Zambia: 400 MHz Private Broadband System for Safe City Project

5.4.16 Kenya: Custom-Built LTE Network for the Kenyan Police Service

5.4.17 Madagascar: Antananarivo Private LTE Network for Public Safety & Government Agencies

5.4.18 Mauritius: Public Safety LTE Network for the MPF (Mauritius Police Force)

5.4.19 Seychelles: Physically Hardened & Geo-Redundant Emergency Communications Network

5.4.20 Angola: TETRA-LTE Integration Through Commercial Mobile Operators

5.4.21 Republic of the Congo: LTE-Equipped ECVs (Emergency Communications Vehicles)

5.4.22 Cameroon: Dedicated LTE Network for Video Surveillance & Broadband Applications

5.4.23 Nigeria: NPSCS (National Public Security Communication System) Project

5.4.24 Uganda: Private Wireless Network for Fixed & Wireless Surveillance Cameras

5.4.25 Ghana: 1.4 GHz LTE-Based National Security Communications Network

5.4.26 Côte d'Ivoire: Purpose-Built LTE Network for the Ministry of Interior and Security

5.4.27 Mali: LTE-Based Safe City Network for Police & Security Forces

5.4.28 Senegal: LTE-Enabled Smart City & Video Surveillance System

5.4.29 Mauritania: Public Safety LTE Network for Urban Security in Nouakchott

5.5 Latin & Central America

5.5.1 Brazil: Private Broadband Networks for the Federal District & State-Level Authorities

5.5.2 Mexico: Secure MVNO Broadband Services for Public Safety & Defense Authorities

5.5.3 Argentina: City of Buenos Aires’ Hybrid TETRA-MCX Service Platform

5.5.4 Uruguay: Private LTE Network for Border Surveillance Operations

5.5.5 Colombia: LTE Network Field Trials by the National Police of Colombia

5.5.6 Chile: Complementary Broadband Access Over Commercial Networks

5.5.7 Peru: Unified LMR-LTE Implementation for Mission-Critical Voice & Broadband Data Services

5.5.8 Venezuela: LTE-Equipped VEN 911/SIMA Video Surveillance & Emergency Response System

5.5.9 Ecuador: LTE-Based Communications for the ECU-911 Emergency Response Program

5.5.10 Bolivia: Private LTE Networks for the BOL-110 Citizen Security System & Other Safe City Projects

5.5.11 Barbados: Band 14/n14 (700 MHz) 3GPP-Based Connectivity Service Platform

5.5.12 Trinidad & Tobago: Rapidly Deployable 400 MHz LTE System for National Security Applications

5.5.13 Dutch Caribbean: Integrated LMR-Broadband Systems for Mission-Critical Voice & Broadband Capabilities

5.5.14 Guyana: 3GPP-Based Critical Communications Network for Safe City Applications

6 Chapter 6: Public Safety LTE/5G Case Studies

6.1 Nationwide Public Safety LTE/5G Projects

6.1.1 United States’ FirstNet Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network

6.1.1.1 Operational Model

6.1.1.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.1.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.1.3.1 AT&T RAN & Purpose-Built Band 14/n14 (700 MHz) Cell Sites

6.1.1.3.2 Physically Isolated Mobile Core Infrastructure

6.1.1.3.3 In-Building Coverage Enhancement Solutions

6.1.1.3.4 Deployables for Disasters, Critical Incidents & Planned Events

6.1.1.3.5 Plans for Direct-to-Cellular Connectivity via LEO Satellites

6.1.1.3.6 Standalone 5G Core Upgrade & Additional Investments

6.1.1.4 Key Applications

6.1.1.5 3GPP-Compliant MCX Service Platforms

6.1.1.6 Interoperability With Legacy LMR Systems

6.1.1.7 FirstNet Service Plans & Pricing

6.1.1.8 Certification of Terminals, Accessories & Applications

6.1.1.9 HPUE & In-Vehicle Solutions

6.1.2 New Zealand's NGCC (Next-Generation Critical Communications)-Led PSN Program

6.1.2.1 Operational Model

6.1.2.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.2.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.2.3.1 Multi-Network Cellular Roaming Service

6.1.2.3.2 Priority Access for First Responders

6.1.2.3.3 Network Visibility Service

6.1.2.3.4 Compact Rapid Deployables for Temporary Coverage

6.1.2.4 Key Applications

6.1.2.5 Transition Timeline

6.1.3 Hong Kong Police Force’s 5G-Based NGCS Project

6.1.3.1 Operational Model

6.1.3.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.3.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.3.3.1 Phase 1: Dedicated Core, MCX Platform & Shared Mobile Operator RAN Services

6.1.3.3.2 Phase 2: Purpose-Built Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) RAN Infrastructure in Strategic Locations

6.1.3.4 Key Applications

6.1.3.5 Direct Supplier Engagement Instead of Public Tendering

6.1.3.6 TETRA Replacement & Anticipated Cost Savings

6.1.4 Japan's PSMS (Public Safety Mobile System) Service – Formerly PS-LTE (Public Safety LTE)

6.1.4.1 Operational Model

6.1.4.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.4.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.4.3.1 Field Demonstration Tests of PS-LTE Technology

6.1.4.3.2 Launch of National PSMS-Compatible Services

6.1.4.4 Key Applications

6.1.4.5 PSMS Service Evolution Plans

6.1.4.6 Substitution of Legacy Systems With PSMS

6.1.5 South Korea’s Safe-Net National Disaster Safety Communications Network

6.1.5.1 Operational Model

6.1.5.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.5.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.5.3.1 Nationwide Buildout Following Successful Pilot Projects

6.1.5.3.2 Government-Owned RAN & Mobile Core Infrastructure

6.1.5.3.3 MOCN-Based RAN Sharing With Mobile Operators

6.1.5.3.4 Transportable Base Stations for Coverage Extension

6.1.5.3.5 Interworking With 3GPP-Based Railway & Maritime Networks

6.1.5.4 Key Applications

6.1.5.5 MCX Service & eMBMS Bearer Support

6.1.5.6 Future Plans for 4G-5G Interworking & Migration

6.1.5.7 AI-Enabled Safety Management System for South Korea

6.1.6 Royal Thai Police's Band 26/n26 (800 MHz) LTE Network

6.1.6.1 Operational Model

6.1.6.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.6.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.6.3.1 Initial Buildout in Bangkok

6.1.6.3.2 Expansion to Other Major Cities

6.1.6.3.3 Rapidly Deployable Network-in-a-Box Systems

6.1.6.3.4 Integration With National Command, Control & Dispatch Platform

6.1.6.4 Key Applications

6.1.6.5 Broadband Access for Other Government & PPDR Users

6.1.6.6 Use of Portable LTE Network During the Tham Luang Cave Rescue

6.1.6.7 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Meetings in Thailand

6.1.7 Great Britain’s ESMCP Program & ESN Critical Communications System

6.1.7.1 Operational Model

6.1.7.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.7.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.7.3.1 Enhanced Coverage Over EE’s Commercial RAN Infrastructure

6.1.7.3.2 Government-Funded EAS (Extended Area Service) Cell Sites

6.1.7.3.3 ESN Air: Overlay A2G Network for Emergency Service Aircraft

6.1.7.3.4 London Underground & Specific Road/Rail Tunnels

6.1.7.3.5 In-Building Coverage Enhancement Solutions

6.1.7.3.6 Rapidly Deployable Assets for Temporary Coverage

6.1.7.3.7 Dedicated Three-Site Mobile Core Network

6.1.7.3.8 Comprehensive User Services

6.1.7.4 Key Applications

6.1.7.5 ESN Products & MCX Solution

6.1.7.6 Replacement of the Airwave TETRA Network

6.1.7.7 ESN-Airwave Interworking During Switchover

6.1.8 Ireland’s New Mission-Critical Communications System

6.1.8.1 Operational Model

6.1.8.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.8.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.8.3.1 NLLP (National Low-Latency Platform) & Project 2.5

6.1.8.3.2 Westport & Rosslare Europort Field Trials

6.1.8.3.3 Mission-Critical Communications System Rollout

6.1.8.4 Key Applications

6.1.8.5 Enhancing Emergency Response in Rural Communities

6.1.9 France's RRF Future Public Safety Network Program

6.1.9.1 Operational Model

6.1.9.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.9.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.9.3.1 Multi-Operator 4G/5G RAN Coverage

6.1.9.3.2 Geo-Redundant Core Infrastructure

6.1.9.3.3 Deployable Solutions for Ad Hoc Coverage

6.1.9.3.4 700 MHz PPDR Broadband Spectrum

6.1.9.4 Key Applications

6.1.9.5 MCX Application & Interoperability Gateways

6.1.9.6 RSM Devices for Off-Network Communications

6.1.9.7 Transition From Tetrapol to the RRF Network

6.1.9.8 RRF Expansion to Overseas Territories

6.1.10 Germany's BOS Broadband Network Development Program

6.1.10.1 Operational Model

6.1.10.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.10.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.10.3.1 Hybrid Broadband Network Trial

6.1.10.3.2 Project KoMeT: Dedicated 4G/5G Core Network Implementation

6.1.10.3.3 Project MCx System: Procurement of MCX Solution

6.1.10.3.4 Access Over Commercial Networks & Plans for State-Controlled RAN

6.1.10.4 Key Applications

6.1.10.5 Interoperability With TETRA & Bundeswehr's Cellular Assets

6.1.10.6 KoPa_45: R&D Projects to Support the Broadband Strategy of BDBOS

6.1.11 Belgium's ASTRID BLM (Blue Light Mobile) Service & NextGenCom Program

6.1.11.1 Operational Model

6.1.11.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.11.3 BLM Secure MVNO Service

6.1.11.3.1 Priority & Preemption Service Levels

6.1.11.3.2 VPN Tunneling for Secure Connectivity

6.1.11.3.3 ASTRID Cloud: Application Hosting & Sharing

6.1.11.4 NextGenCom Deployment Summary

6.1.11.4.1 Geo-Redundant Core Network

6.1.11.4.2 MCRAN (Mission-Critical RAN) Infrastructure

6.1.11.4.3 MOCN-Based RAN Sharing With Commercial Mobile Operators

6.1.11.4.4 Integration of Private Networks & Coverage Enhancement Solutions

6.1.11.5 Key Applications

6.1.11.6 Planned Implementation of MCX Solution

6.1.11.7 TETRA-to-NextGenCom Migration

6.1.12 Italian Ministry of Interior's LTE/5G Mission-Critical Broadband Service

6.1.12.1 Operational Model

6.1.12.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.12.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.12.3.1 Dedicated Frequencies for Guaranteed Bandwidth

6.1.12.3.2 Hybrid RAN, Core Network & eMBMS Solution

6.1.12.3.3 Mission-Critical Broadband Service Rollout in 11 Provinces

6.1.12.4 Key Applications

6.1.12.5 Standalone 5G Connectivity & Service Evolution

6.1.12.6 Future Plans for TETRA-to-Broadband Migration

6.1.13 Spain's SIRDEE Mission-Critical Broadband Network

6.1.13.1 Operational Model

6.1.13.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.13.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.13.3.1 Purpose-Built Cell Sites for Exclusive Use

6.1.13.3.2 Dedicated Core Network & MCX Servers

6.1.13.3.3 eMBMS Integration for Multicast Bearer Support

6.1.13.3.4 Backup Connectivity via Commercial RAN Coverage

6.1.13.4 Key Applications

6.1.13.5 Specific Requirements for Mission-Critical Broadband Network

6.1.13.6 Preparing for Tetrapol-to-Broadband Transition

6.1.14 Sweden's SWEN Next-Generation Digital Network for Critical Communications

6.1.14.1 Operational Model

6.1.14.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.14.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.14.3.1 Dual-Mode 5G Core Solution

6.1.14.3.2 MOCN-Enabled Commercial RAN Access

6.1.14.3.3 Dedicated Band 28/n28 (700 MHz) Coverage Layer

6.1.14.3.4 Integration With Other Public Sector 5G Networks

6.1.14.3.5 Indoor Coverage, Portable Cell Sites & Other Initiatives

6.1.14.4 Key Applications

6.1.14.5 TETRA-to-3GPP Migration Solution

6.1.14.6 Procurement of 3GPP-Based MCX Platform

6.1.14.7 Future Support for Device-to-Device Communications

6.1.14.8 Cross-Border Cooperation

6.1.14.9 Timeline for Rakel G1 to SWEN Migration

6.1.15 Finland's VIRVE 2 Mission-Critical Broadband Service for PPDR Users

6.1.15.1 Operational Model

6.1.15.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.15.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.15.3.1 State-Owned 4G/5G Core Network & Application Servers

6.1.15.3.2 MOCN-Enabled Commercial RAN Coverage With QPP

6.1.15.3.3 New Base Stations & Battery Backups for Site Hardening

6.1.15.3.4 In-Building Installations for VIRVE 2 Service Availability

6.1.15.3.5 Integration of Band 68/n68 (700 MHz) Private RAN Coverage

6.1.15.3.6 National & International Roaming for Finnish PPDR Agencies

6.1.15.3.7 Evaluation of NTN Coverage Expansion via LEO Satellites

6.1.15.4 Key Applications

6.1.15.5 MCX Services & User Equipment

6.1.15.6 Legislative Support for the Operation of VIRVE 2

6.1.15.7 Migration From TETRA to Mission-Critical Broadband

6.1.16 Hungary's EDR 2.0/3.0 5G-Ready PPDR Broadband Network

6.1.16.1 Operational Model

6.1.16.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.16.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.16.3.1 EDR 2.0 Rollout: Band 3/n3 (1.8 GHz) RAN, Dual-Mode Core & MOCN Coverage

6.1.16.3.2 Further EDR 2.0 Development: Roaming, eSIMs & Number Portability

6.1.16.3.3 EDR 3.0 Service: Aerial Coverage for Drones, Hotspots & MCX Solution

6.1.16.4 Key Applications

6.1.16.5 TETRA-Broadband Interoperability

6.1.16.6 Cross-Border Cooperation With Neighboring Countries

6.1.16.7 5G Smartcom: Standalone 5G Network Along the Ukrainian Border

6.1.17 Turkish National Police’s KETUM Program

6.1.17.1 Operational Model

6.1.17.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.17.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.17.3.1 Mission-Critical LTE Network Buildout in Adana

6.1.17.3.2 Nationwide Expansion of Hybrid Narrowband-Broadband System

6.1.17.3.3 Rapidly Deployable Network Assets for Coverage Extension

6.1.17.4 Key Applications

6.1.17.5 Supporting Public Safety Modernization

6.1.18 Romania’s LTE/5G NR-Based Hybrid PPDR Broadband Network Project

6.1.18.1 Operational Model

6.1.18.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.18.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.18.3.1 Initial Operational Deployment

6.1.18.3.2 Public Mobile Operator Interconnections & QPP Rights

6.1.18.3.3 Gradual Expansion of State-Owned RAN Infrastructure

6.1.18.4 Key Applications

6.1.18.5 Additional Public Tenders for Network & Service Expansion

6.1.19 Saudi Arabia’s Mission-Critical Broadband Network for Defense, Law Enforcement & Intelligence Agencies

6.1.19.1 Operational Model

6.1.19.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.19.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.19.3.1 RAN Infrastructure

6.1.19.3.2 Core Network Buildout

6.1.19.3.3 MCX Services & Terminals

6.1.19.4 Key Applications

6.1.19.5 Unifying Secure Communications

6.1.20 Qatar MOI's (Ministry of Interior) Nationwide Public Safety LTE Network

6.1.20.1 Operational Model

6.1.20.2 Integrators & Suppliers

6.1.20.3 Deployment Summary

6.1.20.3.1 Band 20/n20 (800 MHz) for Nationwide Coverage

6.1.20.3.2 Band 7/n7 (2.6 GHz) for Additional Capacity

6.1.20.3.3 Dedicated Core Network Infrastructure

6.1.20.3.4 eMBMS Integration & MCX Upgrades

6.1.20.4 Key Applications

6.1.20.5 Integration With the MOI's TETRA Network

6.1.20.6 Technology-Driven Security for the FIFA World Cup

6.1.20.7 Delivering Safe City Applications for Qatar National Vision 2030

6.2 Additional Case Studies of Public Safety LTE/5G Network & Service Rollouts

6.2.1 Abu Dhabi Police

6.2.2 Bahia State Secretariat of Public Security

6.2.3 Brazilian Federal Government’s Private Network Project

6.2.4 Buenos Aires Ministry of Justice and Security

6.2.5 Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces)

6.2.6 California National Guard

6.2.7 Ceará Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration and Reintegration

6.2.8 City of Brownsville

6.2.9 City of Sendai

6.2.10 Cochabamba Safe City Project

6.2.11 Ecuador ECU-911

6.2.12 Føroya Tele's (Faroese Telecom) KIMA

6.2.13 Georgia State Patrol

6.2.14 Ghana's Integrated National Security Communications Network

6.2.15 Gimcheon City Integrated Control Center

6.2.16 Government of Barbados

6.2.17 Guangzhou Hybrid TETRA-5G Network

6.2.18 Halton-Peel Region PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network)

6.2.19 Hsinchu City Fire Department

6.2.20 Kaohsiung City Police Department

6.2.21 Kenyan Police Service

6.2.22 Lijiang Police

6.2.23 Lishui Municipal Emergency Management

6.2.24 Madrid City Council

6.2.25 Málaga Local Police

6.2.26 MPF (Mauritius Police Force)

6.2.27 Nanjing Municipal Government

6.2.28 National Police of Colombia

6.2.29 Nedaa

6.2.30 New Zealand Police

6.2.31 Philippine Red Cross

6.2.32 Polkomtel's Plus MCX

6.2.33 PrioCom

6.2.34 PSCA (Punjab Safe Cities Authority)

6.2.35 RESCAN (Canary Islands Network for Emergency and Security)

6.2.36 RIKS (State Infocommunication Foundation, Estonia)

6.2.37 Rivas Vaciamadrid City Council

6.2.38 ROP (Royal Oman Police)

6.2.39 São Paulo & Minas Gerais State Military Police Forces

6.2.40 Shanghai Police Department

6.2.41 SPF (Singapore Police Force)

6.2.42 Telstra’s LANES Emergency

6.2.43 Teltronic’s MCX MVNO Service in Mexico

6.2.44 T-Mobile’s T-Priority

6.2.45 TWFRS (Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service)

6.2.46 UN (United Nations)

6.2.47 Verizon's Frontline Solutions

6.2.48 Vientiane Municipal Government

6.2.49 Wujiang Public Security Bureau

6.2.50 Zambian Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security

7 Chapter 7: Public Safety LTE/5G Spectrum Availability, Allocation & Usage

7.1 Frequency Bands for Public Safety LTE & 5G Networks

7.1.1 200 – 400 MHz

7.1.1.1 Japan's 170 – 202.5 MHz Band

7.1.1.2 380 – 400 MHz PPDR Band

7.1.1.3 Other Non-Traditional Frequency Bands

7.1.2 410 & 450 MHz

7.1.2.1 Bands 31/n31 & 72/n72 (450 – 470 MHz)

7.1.2.2 Bands 87/n87 & 88/n88 (410 – 430 MHz)

7.1.3 600 MHz

7.1.3.1 470 – 694 MHz UHF Band

7.1.4 700 MHz

7.1.4.1 Band 14/n14 (758 – 798 MHz)

7.1.4.2 Band 28/n28 (703 – 803 MHz)

7.1.4.3 Band 68/n68 (698 – 783 MHz)

7.1.4.4 Other 700 MHz Bands

7.1.5 800 MHz

7.1.5.1 Band 20/n20 (791 – 862 MHz)

7.1.5.2 Band 26/n26 (814 – 894 MHz)

7.1.5.3 Other 800 MHz Bands

7.1.6 900 MHz

7.1.6.1 Band 8/n8 (880 – 960 MHz)

7.1.6.2 Other 900 MHz Bands

7.1.7 Mid-Band (1 – 6 GHz)

7.1.7.1 1.4 – 1.9 GHz

7.1.7.2 2.3 – 2.4 GHz

7.1.7.3 2.5 – 2.6 GHz

7.1.7.4 3.3 – 3.8 GHz

7.1.7.5 3.8 – 4.2 GHz

7.1.7.6 4.6 – 4.9 GHz

7.1.7.7 5 – 6 GHz

7.1.7.8 Other Bands

7.1.8 Upper Mid-Band (7 – 24 GHz)

7.1.8.1 7 GHz

7.1.8.2 10 – 14 GHz

7.1.8.3 17 – 20 GHz

7.1.8.4 Other Bands

7.1.9 High-Band mmWave (Millimeter Wave) Spectrum

7.1.9.1 26 GHz

7.1.9.2 28 GHz

7.1.9.3 37 GHz

7.1.9.4 60 GHz

7.1.9.5 Other Bands

7.2 North America

7.2.1 United States

7.2.2 Canada

7.3 Asia Pacific

7.3.1 Australia

7.3.2 New Zealand

7.3.3 China

7.3.4 Hong Kong

7.3.5 Taiwan

7.3.6 Japan

7.3.7 South Korea

7.3.8 Singapore

7.3.9 Malaysia

7.3.10 Indonesia

7.3.11 Philippines

7.3.12 Thailand

7.3.13 Vietnam

7.3.14 Laos

7.3.15 Myanmar

7.3.16 India

7.3.17 Pakistan

7.3.18 Bangladesh

7.3.19 Sri Lanka

7.3.20 Rest of Asia Pacific

7.4 Europe

7.4.1 United Kingdom

7.4.1.1 Great Britain

7.4.1.2 Northern Ireland

7.4.2 Republic of Ireland

7.4.3 France

7.4.4 Germany

7.4.5 Belgium

7.4.6 Netherlands

7.4.7 Switzerland

7.4.8 Austria

7.4.9 Italy

7.4.10 Spain

7.4.11 Portugal

7.4.12 Sweden

7.4.13 Norway

7.4.14 Denmark

7.4.15 Finland

7.4.16 Estonia

7.4.17 Latvia

7.4.18 Lithuania

7.4.19 Czech Republic

7.4.20 Poland

7.4.21 Hungary

7.4.22 Slovenia

7.4.23 Croatia

7.4.24 Türkiye

7.4.25 Cyprus

7.4.26 Greece

7.4.27 Bulgaria

7.4.28 Romania

7.4.29 Ukraine

7.4.30 Russia

7.4.31 Rest of Europe

7.5 Middle East & Africa

7.5.1 Saudi Arabia

7.5.2 United Arab Emirates

7.5.3 Qatar

7.5.4 Oman

7.5.5 Bahrain

7.5.6 Kuwait

7.5.7 Iraq

7.5.8 Jordan

7.5.9 Israel

7.5.10 Egypt

7.5.11 Tunisia

7.5.12 South Africa

7.5.13 Botswana

7.5.14 Zambia

7.5.15 Kenya

7.5.16 Ethiopia

7.5.17 Nigeria

7.5.18 Uganda

7.5.19 Ghana

7.5.20 Rest of the Middle East & Africa

7.6 Latin & Central America

7.6.1 Brazil

7.6.2 Mexico

7.6.3 Argentina

7.6.4 Colombia

7.6.5 Chile

7.6.6 Peru

7.6.7 Ecuador

7.6.8 Bolivia

7.6.9 Barbados

7.6.10 Trinidad & Tobago

7.6.11 Rest of Latin & Central America

8 Chapter 8: Standardization, Regulatory & Collaborative Initiatives

8.1 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)

8.1.1 Release 11: HPUE (Power Class 1) for Band 14

8.1.2 Release 12: Early Mission-Critical Enablers – ProSe & GCSE

8.1.3 Release 13: MCPTT, IOPS & Further Enhancements

8.1.4 Release 14: Support for MCVideo & MCData Services

8.1.5 Release 15: MCX Refinements, 5G eMBB & Additional Operating Bands

8.1.6 Release 16: Further Evolution of MCX, 3GPP-LMR Interworking, Vertical Application Enablers & 5G URLLC

8.1.7 Release 17: MCX Over 5G (Unicast), LTE MCIOPS, 5G NR Sidelink Enhancements, NTN Connectivity & RedCap

8.1.8 Release 18: MCX Using 5G MBS (Multicast)/5G ProSe, UE-to-UE Relays, VMRs, Support for Less Than 5 MHz of Bandwidth & eRedCap

8.1.9 Releases 19, 20 & Beyond: New 5G NR Bands, Enhanced MCX, Multi-Hop Sidelink Relaying, MWAB, IOPS Over 5G & Regenerative NTN

8.2 APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International

8.2.1 Public Safety LTE/5G Advocacy Efforts

8.2.2 ANS 2.106.1-2019: Standard for PSG (Public Safety Grade) Site Hardening Requirements

8.3 ASTRID

8.3.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Standardization Efforts

8.4 ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions)

8.4.1 ATIS/TIA JLMRLTE (Joint LMR-LTE) Working Group

8.4.1.1 Study of Interworking Between P25 LMR & 3GPP Mission-Critical Services

8.4.2 Other Efforts Relevant to Public Safety Broadband Communications

8.5 Australian Department of Home Affairs

8.5.1 Leading Australia's National PSMB Program

8.6 BDBOS (Federal Agency for Public Safety Digital Radio, Germany)

8.6.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Standardization Efforts

8.7 BMWE (Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, Germany)

8.7.1 Standardization Efforts for Critical Communications Over 3GPP Networks

8.8 B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance

8.8.1 B-TrunC Standard for LTE-Based Critical Communications

8.9 CITIG (Canadian Interoperability Technology Interest Group)

8.9.1 Public Safety LTE/5G Advocacy Efforts

8.10 CMA (Critical Messaging Association)

8.10.1 Advancing the Delivery of Mission-Critical Messaging

8.11 DRDC (Defence Research and Development Canada)

8.11.1 DRDC CSS (DRDC Centre for Security Science)

8.11.1.1 Participation in Canada's National PSBN Program

8.11.1.2 R&D Efforts in Public Safety & Military LTE/5G Networks

8.12 DSB (Directorate for Civil Protection, Norway)

8.12.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Standardization Efforts

8.13 EENA (European Emergency Number Association)

8.13.1 Broadband MCX Integration With NG112/911/999

8.14 Erillisverkot (State Security Networks Group, Finland)

8.14.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Standardization Efforts

8.15 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

8.15.1 TCCE (TETRA and Critical Communications Evolution) Technical Committee

8.15.1.1 Standards & Guidelines for Critical Communications Broadband & TETRA-3GPP Interworking

8.15.2 CTI (Center for Testing and Interoperability)

8.15.2.1 MCX Plugtests

8.15.3 Other Technical Committees & Critical Communications LTE/5G-Related Standards

8.16 FirstNet (First Responder Network) Authority

8.16.1 Overseeing the Buildout, Operation & Evolution of the FirstNet Public Safety Broadband Network

8.16.2 Standardization of Mission-Critical Features for 3GPP Technologies

8.16.3 Innovation & Test Lab

8.16.4 PSAC (Public Safety Advisory Committee)

8.17 French Ministry of Interior

8.17.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Standardization Efforts

8.18 GCF (Global Certification Forum)

8.18.1 Mission-Critical Services Certification Program & Work Stream

8.19 GPSOC (Global Public Safety Operators Conference)

8.19.1 Advancing Public Safety Broadband Initiatives

8.20 United Kingdom Home Office

8.20.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Standardization Efforts

8.21 ICCRA (International Critical Control Rooms Alliance)

8.21.1 LTE/5G Support in Critical Control Room Interface Standards

8.22 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

8.22.1 Protocols for Broadband MCX Services Over 3GPP Networks

8.23 IGOF (International Governmental Operators’ Forum)

8.23.1 Addressing Broadband-Related Issues in Critical Communications

8.24 ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)

8.24.1 Participation in Canada's National PSBN Program

8.24.2 Regulation of Public Safety Broadband Spectrum

8.24.3 CRC (Communications Research Centre Canada)

8.24.3.1 Interoperability Research & Evaluation of Public Safety LTE/5G Networks

8.25 ITU (International Telecommunication Union)

8.25.1 Spectrum Harmonization for PPDR Broadband Systems

8.25.2 Defining the Role of IMT-2020 to Support PPDR Applications

8.26 MOIS (Ministry of the Interior and Safety, South Korea)

8.26.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Standardization Efforts

8.27 National Police of the Netherlands

8.27.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Standardization Efforts

8.28 NCCOM (Nordic Critical Communication Operators Meeting)

8.28.1 Requirements for Rugged Devices & Other PPDR Broadband Capabilities

8.29 Nkom (Norwegian Communications Authority)

8.29.1 Standardization Efforts for Critical Communications Over 3GPP Networks

8.30 NSC (National Spectrum Consortium)

8.30.1 Enhancing Spectrum Superiority & 5G Capabilities for Federal Users

8.31 NSW (New South Wales) Telco Authority

8.31.1 Role in Australia's National PSMB Program

8.32 OMA SpecWorks (Open Mobile Alliance)

8.32.1 PoC (PTT-over-Cellular): V1.04, V2.0 & V2.1

8.32.2 PCPS (Push-to-Communicate for Public Safety)

8.33 PIA (PSBN Innovation Alliance)

8.33.1 PSBN Governance in Canada's Ontario Province

8.34 PSBTA (Public Safety Broadband Technology Association)

8.34.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Activities

8.35 PSCE (Public Safety Communication Europe)

8.35.1 Public Safety LTE/5G Standardization

8.35.2 BroadX Projects: Pan-European Public Safety Mobile Broadband System

8.35.2.1 BroadMap: Specifications & Roadmap for Procurement

8.35.2.2 BroadWay: R&D/PCP (Pre-Commercial Procurement)

8.35.2.3 BroadNet: EUCCS (EU Critical Communication System) Preparation

8.35.3 Other Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Work

8.36 PSRG (Public Safety Radiocommunications Group)

8.36.1 Technical Exchanges on Emergency Communications Modernization

8.37 Public Safety Canada

8.37.1 Federal PSBN Task Team

8.37.2 TNCO (Temporary National Coordination Office) for Canada's National PSBN

8.38 Safe-Net Forum

8.38.1 Technical/Policy Guidance & Ecosystem Development for Critical Communications LTE/5G Networks

8.39 Safer Buildings Coalition

8.39.1 Key Initiatives for Enabling In-Building Wireless Communications

8.40 TCCA (The Critical Communications Association)

8.40.1 BIG (Broadband Industry Group)

8.40.2 CCBG (Critical Communications Broadband Group)

8.40.3 IWF Working Group

8.40.4 Future Technologies Group

8.40.5 Other TCCA Groups & Activities

8.41 TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)

8.41.1 TR-8: Engineering Committee on Mobile & Personal Private Radio Standards

8.41.1.1 J-STD-200: Study of Interworking Between LMR and 3GPP Mission-Critical Services

8.41.1.2 Addendums to ISSI/CSSI & DFSI Standards

8.41.1.3 Work on Mission-Critical Priority & QoS Control

8.42 TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association, South Korea)

8.42.1 Functional Requirements, Testing & Certification for Public Safety LTE/5G Technologies

8.43 U.S. DHS (Department of Homeland Security)

8.43.1 S&T (Science and Technology) Directorate

8.43.1.1 Standards-Based Interworking Solution for MCPTT-LMR Communications

8.43.1.2 Interoperability Between FirstNet, Southern Linc & Other Broadband PTT Systems

8.43.1.3 Mission-Critical Voice Intelligibility, Deployables & Other Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Projects

8.43.2 CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency)

8.43.2.1 SAFECOM: Best Practices for LMR-3GPP Integration

8.44 U.S. FCC (Federal Communications Commission)

8.44.1 PSHSB (Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau)

8.44.2 Endorsement of 3GPP Technology as the Platform for 700 MHz Public Safety Broadband Infrastructure

8.44.3 Regulation of Public Safety Broadband Spectrum

8.44.4 Other Engagements Relevant to Public Safety LTE/5G

8.45 U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

8.45.1 CTL (Communications Technology Laboratory)

8.45.2 PSCR (Public Safety Communications Research) Division

8.45.2.1 R&D Partnership With the FirstNet Authority

8.45.2.2 Research Portfolio & Broadband-Related Projects

8.46 U.S. NPSTC (National Public Safety Telecommunications Council)

8.46.1 Early Leadership in Public Safety LTE Technology

8.46.2 Spectrum Management, LMR-3GPP Integration, Public Safety-Grade Systems & Other Work

8.47 U.S. NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration)

8.47.1 FirstNet Governance & Funding

8.47.2 Other Work Related to Public Safety LTE/5G Networks

8.48 Others

8.48.1 Government Agencies & National Regulators

8.48.2 Critical Communications Industry Associations

8.48.3 Vendor-Led Alliances & Partner Programs

8.48.4 Spectrum & Technology Innovation Industry Alliances

8.48.5 Academic Institutions, Research Centers & Labs

9 Chapter 9: Key Ecosystem Players

9.1 10T Tech

9.2 1Finity (Fujitsu)

9.3 1NCE

9.4 1oT

9.5 2TEST (Alkor-Communication)

9.6 2WAY (Netherlands)

9.7 3AM Innovations

9.8 4K Solutions

9.9 6WIND

9.10 7P (Seven Principles)

9.11 A1 Telekom Austria Group

9.12 A10 Networks

9.13 A5G Networks

9.14 AAEON Technology (ASUS – ASUSTeK Computer)

9.15 Aalyria

9.16 Aarna Networks

9.17 ABEL Mobilfunk

9.18 ABS

9.19 Abside Networks

9.20 AccelerComm

9.21 Accelink Technologies

9.22 Accelleran

9.23 Accenture

9.24 Accton Technology Corporation

9.25 Accuver (InnoWireless)

9.26 ACE Technologies

9.27 Acentury

9.28 ACES-NH

9.29 AceTel (Ace Solutions)

9.30 Achronix Semiconductor Corporation

9.31 ACOME

9.32 Actelis Networks

9.33 Action Technologies (Shenzhen Action Technologies)

9.34 Actiontec Electronics

9.35 Active911

9.36 Actus Networks

9.37 Adax

9.38 Adcor Magnet Systems

9.39 ADI (Analog Devices, Inc.)

9.40 ADLINK Technology

9.41 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies)

9.42 ADT

9.43 Adtran

9.44 Advanced Energy Industries

9.45 AdvanceTec Industries

9.46 Advantech

9.47 Advantech Wireless Technologies (Baylin Technologies)

9.48 Aegex Technologies

9.49 Aerial Applications

9.50 Aeris

9.51 Aerostar International

9.52 Aethertek

9.53 Affarii Technologies

9.54 Affirmed Networks (Microsoft Corporation)

9.55 AFL Global

9.56 AFRY

9.57 Agile (Agile Interoperable Solutions)

9.58 AGIS (Advanced Ground Information Systems)

9.59 Aglocell

9.60 AGM Mobile

9.61 AH NET (MVM NET)

9.62 AI-LINK

9.63 AINA PTT

9.64 AIR (American International Radio)

9.65 Aira Technologies

9.66 Airbus Public Safety and Security

9.67 Airfide Networks

9.68 Airgain

9.69 AirHop Communications

9.70 Airlinq

9.71 Airspan Networks

9.72 Airtower Networks

9.73 Airwavz Solutions

9.74 AIS (Advanced Info Service)

9.75 AiVader

9.76 Akamai Technologies

9.77 Akoustis Technologies

9.78 Alaxala Networks Corporation (Fortinet)

9.79 ALBEDO Telecom

9.80 albis-elcon (UET – United Electronic Technology)

9.81 Alcadis

9.82 Alea (Leonardo)

9.83 ALECOM

9.84 Alef (Alef Edge)

9.85 Alepo

9.86 Alibaba Group

9.87 Aliniant

9.88 Allbesmart

9.89 Allen Vanguard Wireless

9.90 Allerio

9.91 Allied Telesis

9.92 Allot

9.93 Alpha Networks

9.94 Alpha Wireless

9.95 Alsatis Réseaux

9.96 Altaeros

9.97 Altair Semiconductor (Sony Semiconductor Israel)

9.98 ALTÁN Redes

9.99 Altera

9.100 Altice Group

9.101 ALVIS (Argentina)

9.102 AM Telecom

9.103 Amantya Technologies

9.104 Amarisoft

9.105 Amazon/AWS (Amazon Web Services)

9.106 Ambra Solutions-ECOTEL

9.107 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)

9.108 Amdocs

9.109 América Móvil

9.110 American Tower Corporation

9.111 AMI (American Megatrends International)

9.112 AMIT Wireless

9.113 Ampere Computing

9.114 Amphenol Corporation (Including CommScope Assets)

9.115 Ampleon

9.116 AmpliTech

9.117 Amtele Communication

9.118 Andesat

9.119 Andorix

9.120 ANDREW (Amphenol Corporation)

9.121 ANDRO Computational Solutions

9.122 Anktion (Fujian) Technology

9.123 Anokiwave

9.124 Anritsu

9.125 ANS – Advanced Network Services (Charge Enterprises)

9.126 Antenna Company

9.127 Antevia Networks

9.128 Antna Antenna Technology

9.129 Aorotech

9.130 Apeiroon

9.131 Apple

9.132 APRESIA Systems

9.133 APSTAR (APT Satellite Company)

9.134 APT (Asia Pacific Telecom)

9.135 aql

9.136 Aquila (Suzhou Aquila Solutions)

9.137 Aqura Technologies (Telstra Purple)

9.138 Arabsat

9.139 Arcadyan Technology Corporation (Compal Electronics)

9.140 Archos

9.141 Arctic Semiconductor (Formerly SiTune Corporation)

9.142 Arete M

9.143 Argela

9.144 ArgoNET

9.145 Aria Networks

9.146 Arista Networks

9.147 Arkessa (Wireless Logic Group)

9.148 Arm

9.149 Armour Communications

9.150 Arqit Quantum

9.151 ArrayComm (Chengdu ArrayComm Wireless Technologies)

9.152 Arrcus

9.153 Artemis Networks

9.154 Artiza Networks

9.155 Aruba (HPE – Hewlett Packard Enterprise)

9.156 Arukona

9.157 Asavie

9.158 Ascent Integrated Tech

9.159 Ascom

9.160 ASELSAN

9.161 AsiaInfo Technologies

9.162 AsiaSat (Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company)

9.163 Askey Computer Corporation (ASUS – ASUSTeK Computer)

9.164 ASOCS

9.165 Aspire Technology (NEC Corporation)

9.166 ASR Microelectronics

9.167 Assured Space Access

9.168 AST SpaceMobile

9.169 ASTELLA (Astella Technologies)

9.170 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute)

9.171 ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)

9.172 Asylon

9.173 AT&T

9.174 Ataya

9.175 ATDI

9.176 ATEL (Asiatelco Technologies)

9.177 Atel Antennas

9.178 Atesio

9.179 Athesi

9.180 ATL – A Test Lab (Eurofins E&E – Electrical and Electronics)

9.181 Atlas Telecom

9.182 AtlasEdge (Liberty Global/DigitalBridge Group)

9.183 ATN International

9.184 Atos

9.185 Atrinet (ServiceNow)

9.186 AttoCore

9.187 Auden Techno

9.188 Auray Technology (Auden Techno)

9.189 Avanti Communications

9.190 Avari Wireless

9.191 AVI

9.192 Aviat Networks

9.193 AVIWEST (Haivision)

9.194 AVM

9.195 AW2S – Advanced Wireless Solutions and Services (SERMA Group)

9.196 AWTG

9.197 AXESS Networks (HISPASAT)

9.198 Axians (VINCI Energies)

9.199 Axiata Group

9.200 Axione

9.201 Axis Communications

9.202 Axon

9.203 Axtel

9.204 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)

9.205 Axxcss Wireless Solutions

9.206 Axyom.Core (Formerly Casa Systems)

9.207 Azcom Technology

9.208 Azetti Networks

9.209 B+B SmartWorx (Advantech)

9.210 BAE Systems

9.211 BAI Communications Australia

9.212 Baicells

9.213 Ball Aerospace

9.214 Ballast Networks

9.215 BandRich

9.216 BATS Wireless (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems)

9.217 Battelle

9.218 BAYFU (Bayerische Funknetz)

9.219 Baylin Technologies

9.220 BBK Electronics

9.221 BCDVideo

9.222 Beam Semiconductor

9.223 Beamlink

9.224 BearCom

9.225 BEC Technologies (Billion Electric)

9.226 becon

9.227 Beeper Communications

9.228 Beijer Electronics Group

9.229 Belden

9.230 BelFone

9.231 Bell Canada

9.232 Bellantenna

9.233 Benetel

9.234 BesoVideo

9.235 Betacom

9.236 Bharti Airtel

9.237 BHE (Bonn Hungary Electronics)

9.238 BICS (Proximus)

9.239 BinnenBereik (NOVEC)

9.240 Bird Technologies

9.241 BISDN (Berlin Institute for Software Defined Networks)

9.242 Bittium

9.243 BK Technologies

9.244 Black & Veatch

9.245 Black Box

9.246 BlackBerry

9.247 Blackned (Rheinmetall)

9.248 Blackview

9.249 BLiNQ Networks

9.250 Blu Wireless

9.251 Blue Arcus Technologies

9.252 Bluebird

9.253 Blueforce Development Corporation

9.254 BLUnet Schweiz (Axpo WZ-Systems)

9.255 Boeing/Aurora Flight Sciences

9.256 Boelink (Shanghai Boelink Communication Technology)

9.257 Boingo Wireless (DigitalBridge Group)

9.258 Boldyn Networks (Formerly BAI Communications)

9.259 Booz Allen Hamilton

9.260 Boston Dynamics

9.261 Bouygues Telecom

9.262 Boxchip

9.263 Branch Communications

9.264 BravoCom

9.265 Bredengen

9.266 Broadcom

9.267 BroadForward

9.268 Broadmobi – Shanghai Broadmobi Communication Technology (Wutong Group)

9.269 Broadpeak

9.270 Broadtech

9.271 BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)

9.272 BT Group

9.273 BTI Wireless (Star Solutions)

9.274 BubbleRAN

9.275 BULAT (Rostelecom)

9.276 Bumicom Telecommunicatie

9.277 Bureau Veritas/7Layers

9.278 BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems)

9.279 BWT (BlueWaveTel)

9.280 B-Yond

9.281 C Spire

9.282 C Squared Systems

9.283 C3Spectra

9.284 CableFree (Wireless Excellence)

9.285 CableLabs

9.286 CACI International/LGS Innovations

9.287 Cadence Design Systems

9.288 CalAmp

9.289 CalChip Connect

9.290 Caliber Public Safety

9.291 Calix

9.292 Call Systems Technology