Recommendations

• Pearl millet hybrid ICMH-356 added in the POP of the zone.

• Mothbean variety RMO-40 was found suitable for intercropping with pearl millet. Among the intercropping ratio of mothbean and pearl millet, 2:1 row ratio was found more remunerative. Apply 10 kg N/ha in pearl millet rows only after 25-30 days of sowing.

• For integrated fertility management in pearl millet for sustainable production, in addition to recommended dose of N and P, green manuring of dhamassa weed or other legume if readily available @ 5t/ha was effective.

• For management of Fusarium wilt in fenugreek, seed treatment with topsin-M + thiram @ 1+2 g/kg seed or bioagent (Tricoderma harzianum) @ 4 g/kg or post-sowing broadcasting of bioagent @ 2 kg/ha was effective.

• To check the termite infestation in standing crop of barley, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 3.25 to 4 lt/ha mixed with soil, spread in between the rows and irrigating immediately with sprinkler was found effective.

• Pearl millet hybrids RHB 90 and RHB 121 were added.

• Leaf roller and capsule borer infestation occurs in sesame crop in this region. Spray of phosphomidon 85 WSC at 300 ml or diamethoate 30 EC at 1000ml/ha should be done at the time of pest appearance, and repeat once at 15 days interval if pest reappears.

• Intercropping of caster with cluster bean in the ratio of 1:2 gave the highest caster equivalent yield.

• For the control of jassid, white fly and pod borers in mung bean, spray of azadirachtin 750 ml mixed with monocrotophos 36 WSC at 500 ml/ha should be done at the time of pest appearance and repeated once at 20 days interval as and when pest reappear.

• One hoeing and weeding in moth bean should be done at 30 days after sowing. If hoeing and weeding is not possible, then one spray of weedicide Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg/ha should be done in the field before sowing of the crop.

• Cluster bean is being infested by sucking pest like jassid, aphid and white fly. Spray of azadirachtin 750ml mixed with monocrotophos 36 WSC at 500 ml/ha should be done at the time of pest appearance and repeat once at 20 days interval as and when pest reappear.

• Gram varieties GNG-663 and GNG-469 added in the POP.

• Application of 500 ppm thiourea at tillering and flowering stage gave significantly higher grain yield of barley over control (no spray) with highest net returns.

• Groundnut variety Chandra added in the POP.

• Moong variety MUM-2 added in the POP.

• Moth variety RMO-257 added in the POP.

• Sowing of barley was found suitable for fodder crop on 30^th October with 160 kg/ha seed rate.

• Use of 5.0 t/ha vermicompost substitute of 10.0 t/ha FYM in barley crop.

• For sprinkler irrigation schedule in barley, five irrigations operating four hours (at 25, 50, 75, 95 and 110 DAS) each with spacing of 20 ft sprinkler nozzles found comparable to surface method of irrigation.

• Seed soaking of moth bean in 500 ppm thiourea or mixed solution of 500 ppm thiourea + 100 ppm DMSO for 4-5 hours and drying for 2-3 hours in shade before sowing.

• Application of 20 kg sulphur/ha through gypsum in moth bean crop where the soil pH is above 8.

• Two sprays of thiourea 500 ppm or mixed solution of 500 ppm thiourea + 100 ppm DMSO at vegetative stage and flowering stage in cluster bean crop.

• Five irrigations at 25, 50, 75, 95, & 110 DAS in alternate arrangement of nozzles operating for seven hours in each irrigation found optimum for barley crop.

• Application of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers with 5t/ha vermicompost every year during kharif was found suitable for pearl millet-mustard based cropping system.

• Spraying of Azadirachtin 0.3 EC at 1500ml/ha was found most effective, safer and economic for the management of aphid in fenugreek crops.

• The spray of Bayleton 25 WP (0.05%) or sulphur dust 25kg/ha against powdery mildew of fenugreek crop was found most effective for controlling the disease.

• For proper decomposition of upper straw of mustard, a mixture of chopped mustard straw: fresh cow dung: soil: urea (8:2:1:0.1) moistened and filled in 0.75 m deep pit and stirring at 15 days interval recorded narrow C:N ratio or the above mixture replacing urea and incorporating earthworms after one month of filling the pit also recorded narrow C:N ratio and decomposed matter in 120 days.

• Khejri were dried due to tree borer Celosterna scabrator and a pathogen Gynoderma spp. The drenching of Chloropyriphos 20 EC @ 15ml and Bavistin + Blitox (20+40g) per tree in saturated soil of ring ditch around the tree trunk effectively manage the causal organisms.

• The following new varieties were added in POP:-

Bajra : MH-169

Cowpea : RC-101

Moong : RMG-268

Cluster bean : RGC-1002, RGC-1003 and RGC-1017

Moth bean : RMO-435 and RMO-225

• Application of bajra husk @ 2-4 t/ha in pearl millet crop should be used as mulch for in-situ moisture conservation.

• Spray of thiourea 0.1% solution at vegetative and ear head initiation stage in pearl millet crop.

• Application of 40 kg sulphur/ha through gypsum in cowpea crop.

• Seed soaking of cluster bean in mixed solution of 500 ppm thiourea + 100 ppm of DMSO for 4 hours and drying in shade before sowing.

• Seed treatment with Bavistin + Thiram (1+2g/kg) or Trichoderma harzianium @ 5g/kg seed for control of root rot in cluster bean.

• Use of pheromone (Anisol) 3.0 ml/sponge on trees at 7.30 PM treated with 0.05% monocrotophos during the emergence of beetles and repeat for 2-3 days for control of white grub. Such treated trees may be 3-4 in one hectare area.

• Mustard variety Laxmi added in POP

• Two sprays of mixed solution of thiourea (500ppm) + DMSO (100ppm) at branching and flowering stage in mustard.

• Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 70 WS @ 8g/kg seed for aphid control in mustard crop.

• Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10g + Bavistin @ 1g/kg seed for wilt control in cumin or for organic farming use of Trichoderma viride @ 10g/kg seed for seed treatment and application of 2kg Trichoderma viride with 40kg FYM/ha as soil treatment at the time of sowing.

• Cumin crop added in POP.

• Multipurpose forest tree system: In this system, khejri (Prosopis cineraria) and rohira (Tecommela undulate) were found as slow growing, and desi kikar (Acacia nilotica), ardu (Ailanthus excelsa ) and anjan (Hardwickia binata) were found among fast growing species. Khari (Acacia senegal), neem (Azadirachta indica), khejri (Prosopis cineraria), ardu (Ailanthus excelsa) and anjan (Hardwickia binata) were found suitable for boundary plantation.

• Agri-silviculture system: Agri-silviculture means use of land for the concurrent production of agricultural crops and forest crops. Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) and desi kikar (Acacia nilotica) were found suitable trees, and bajra (Pennisetum glaucum) and guar (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) were suitable crops for this system, which produces as much as in open field.

• Agri-horticulture system: A combination of horticultural crops/trees and field crops are integrated in this system. Ber (Zizyphus maritiana) and aonla (Amblica officinale) were found suitable fruit plants in this system. These should be planted in 6x6m distance.

• Silvi-pastoral system: In this system forests are managed for production of wood as well as for rearing of domesticated animals. Nutans (Dicnrustachys cineria) and dhaman grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) was found a good silvi-pastoral model in wastelands and/or panchayat land. Nutans should be planted in 1.0m intra row spacing and 5.0m inter row spacing. In between the nutas row, the Cenchrus ciliaris should be planted. The cutting of nutans should be done in September and grass should be cut twice in rainy season. This system will control the soil erosion as well as improve the fertility status of the soil.

• Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) and desi kikar (Acacia nilotica) should be planted in 5x5m geometry in agri-silviculture. Israili babool (Acacia tortilis) were not found suitable for agri-silviculture system. However, it was proved that it is fast growing tree which matured in 15 years and it should be planted in 5x5m for energy plantation.

• Seed soaking of bajra in 1000 ppm solution of thiourea for 5-6 hours and drying for 2-3 hours in shade before sowing.

• Carbendazim + Thiram (1+2 g/kg seed) for management of collar rot of groundnut through seed treatment or Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g/kg seed with soil application @ 2kg/ha with 40 kg FYM found effective against disease incidence.

• In mustard crop, five sprinkler irrigations (at 25, 50, 75, 95 & 110 DAS) operating sprinklers for four hours in each irrigation were recommended.

• Among two years cropping sequences, pearl millet-mustard-cluster bean-barley cropping sequence with application of 5t FYM/ha once in two years found most suitable.

• Apply 40kg P₂O₅/ha and 30kg ZnSo₄/ha in cluster bean crop only in cluster bean-barley rotation.

• For control of root rot in gram, seed treatment with Topsin-M + Thiram (1+2 g/kg seed) and for organic farming soil treatment at the time of sowing with Trichoderma viride/harzianum @ 2.5 kg/ha mixed in 50 kg FYM along with seed treatment with Trichoderma viride/harzianum @ 10.0 g/kg seed was found effective.

• For control of stem rot in mustard, seed treatment with Carbendazim @ 1.0 g/kg seed followed by one spray of Carbendazim @ 1.0 g/lit water after 65 days of sowing was found effective.

• Groundnut variety TG-37A was included in POP.

• Spray of thiamithoxam 25 WG @ 100g/ha for aphid control in mustard and repeat after 15 days of first spray if necessary.

• For control of aphid in fenugreek, spray mixed solution of Gomutra fermented in sunlight 10% (Gomutra in plastic or glass jar in sunlight for one month) and neem leaf extract 5%, and repeat after 15-20 days of first spray if necessary.

• For production of Nagauri pan methi ,apply 40kg P₂O₅ and 30kg S/ha as basal application.

• Barley can tolerate RSC of irrigation water of about 8.0 Me/L. Under high RSC irrigation water, application of gypsum in soil @ 50% GR once in three years and extra quantity of 1000kg gypsum/ha every year for barley crop reduced the alkalinity of soil and was also helpful in preventing the formation of the soil alkaline.

• Sowing of pearl millet at 60cm row spacing and making ridge and furrow after 30 DAS under drought prone areas.

• Moong variety SML-668 included in POP.

• Moong variety RMG-492 included in POP as interim recommendation.

• Groundnut variety TBG-39 included in POP as interim recommendation.

• Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSo4.7H20 + 0.1% thiourea at 40 and 55 DAS in groundnut.

• Foliar spray of 0.2 FeSo4.7H20 + 0.1% citric acid at vegetative and flowering stage in cluster bean.

• Spray of glyphosate @ 80 g a.i./ha at the emergence of orobanche weed and repeat it after 20 days of first spray is recommended to control the orobanche weed in mustard crop.

• Spray of 0.2% Zinc sulphate + 100 ppm ascorbic acid at vegetative and flowering stage in mustard crop increased seed yield in zinc deficient area.

• Use of 20kg zinc sulphate/ha as basal dose in barley crop in zinc deficient area.

• Use of 200kg seed/ha in Nagauri pan methi gave higher dry matter of leaves.

• Use of 40kg Sulphur/ha through gypsum is found suitable dose for moong bean.

• For organic cultivation of cowpea, use of 3.75t/ha FYM every year was found suitable.

• To control root rot disease in chilli, seed treatment with Bavistin @ 2g/kg seed found suitable with Trichoderma viride @ 5.0g/kg seed + soil application of T. viride @ 2.0kg with 50kg FYM/ha found suitable.

• To control clump virus in groundnut, sowing of pearl millet bait crop using 100kg seed/ha and ploughing down after 15 days and then sowing of groundnut reduced the disease incidence.

• Barley varieties RD-2660 and RD-2624 were added in POP.

• Mustard varieties Vasundhara and Jagnath were added in POP.

• Use of 40kg sulphur/ha through gypsum is found suitable dose for gram.

• For organic cultivation of barley, seed treatment with neem oil 10ml/kg seed and placing of 100 sticks eucalyptus/ha (30cm long sticks and 5-10 cm deep) in soil at equal distance of 10 m is found effective for control of termite.

• Spray of emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 100g/ha was found effective for control of gram pod borer.

• Wheat varieties Raj-4083 and Raj-4120 were added in POP.

• Mustard variety RGN-48 was added in POP.

• For weed management in wheat, use of metasulfuron methyl @ 4gm a.i./ha was found effective.

• For pearl millet–mustard crop sequence, use of RDF + 30kg K₂O + 100kg gypsum + 10kg ZnSO₄ + 10kg FeSO₄ per ha in mustard crop was found most effective and economic.

• For safe, effective and economic management of sucking pests like jassid, white fly and aphid in cluster bean, foliar spray of cow urine 15% or cow urine fermented in sun light (10% solution) was found as effective as azadirachtine 0.03 EC at 1500ml/ha (standard check).

• Foliar spray of cow urine (15% solution) or cow urine fermented in sunlight (10% solution) were found equally effective to standard check (azadirachtine 0.03 EC at 1500ml/ha) against insect pests of mung bean.

• For organic management of insect pests and diseases of cowpea, seed treatment with Trichoderma herzianum 10g/kg seed followed by foliar spray of azadirachtin 0.03 EC (2 ml/lt) or cow urine 20% or ash 25kg/ha at 35 days after sowing were effective and economic compared to other treatments.

• Optimum seed rate of gram was verified @ 60-70 kg/ha.

• Seed treatment with Topsin–M @ 2gm/kg followed by seedling dip in 0.1% solution of Topsin-M at transplanting time to control the pink root rot of onion.

• Techniques of moisture conservation by ring ditching around the tree base (30cm deep in 2m radius) plus straw mulch have been found to improve soil moisture content.

• Hardwickia binata (Anjan) belongs to family leguminoseae having straight bole with palatable fodder leaves was recommended as a silvi-pastoral tree for boundary plantation at 5x5m in irrigated as well as unirrigated conditions. It is also tolerant to harsh environmental condition.

• Farmers were advised to plant Ailanthus excelsa (Ardu) on their farm boundaries where temperature does not fall below -1 ⁰C to meet their demand for fodder and timber.

• Tecomella undulate and Prosopis cineraria were found resistant against cold as well as hot winds.

• Gola, Sav and Umran varieties of Ber were found better at farmer’s fields.

• Traditional method plus micro-site improvement transplanting method was suitable pertaining to survival of the trees.

• Nutrient cycling for sustainable productivity of Agri-silviculture system with application of 10t FYM/ha gave significantly higher gross returns over no FYM use with P. cineraria. Further, significantly higher gross return was found with cluster bean over mung bean, cowpea and moth bean crops.

• Intercropping of kharif fodder crop varieties with Prosopis cineraria in which highest green and dry fodder was recorded under pearl millet and cluster bean over all other crops.

• The Aloe vera and Sonamukhi were found best medicinal crops in the Zone IIa.

• Spray Metasulfuran Methyl @ 4gm/ha at 30 days after sowing in barley gave higher grain yield and reduced the weed count.

• Termite management in gram sown in conserved moisture with seed treatment of fipronil 5 SC @ 8ml or imidacloprid 200SL 3ml/kg seed and in standing crop of gram, application of imidacloprid 200 SL , 500 ml/ha at 60 days after sowing or appearance of the termite damage.

• Fofronil 0.3 % G 12 kg mixed with 4 kg seed/ha at the time of sowing or seed treatment with Imidacloprid 200SL @ 3ml/kg seed + post sowing application of 300 ml/ha or mixed cropping pearl millet + cluster bean or pearl millet + moong for control of termite in pearl millet.

• Seed soaking with 200 ppm streptocycline for 2-3 hours followed by one spray of streptocycline 200 ppm was recommended for management of bacterial blight in cluster bean.

• The seed treatment with imadocloprid 1ml/kg seed + spray with imadocloprid 200ml/ha was found more effective and economic for management of yellow mosaic virus in mung bean.

• Barley variety RD 2503 was found with maximum seed and fodder yield under stress conditions.

• Organic insect pests disease management in barley crop: Seed treatment with Neem Oil @ 10ml/kg seed + putting of eucalyptus sticks/khejri sticks (100 pieces/ha) on soil or soil application with Neem cake 250 kg/ha.

• Management of termite in barley crop: Seed treatment with fipronil 5 SC @ 8 ml/kg seed + soil application of fipronil 5 SC 2.5 liter/ha after 60 days of sowing.

• Pearl millet varieties HHB-299 and RHB-223 were added in PoP.

• Moth bean variety RMO-2251 was added in PoP.

• Use of ferrous sulphate in moong bean: Soil application of 20 Kg/ha FeSO₄.7H₂O before sowing in Iron deficit soils or when Iron deficiency symptoms are visually seen in the standing crop, apply foliar spray of FeSO₄.7H₂O (19%) @ 0.5%.

• Weed control in cowpea: 25 days after sowing of cowpea crop, apply foliar spray of Imezathypr (10% SL) @ 80g a.i. per hectare in 500-600 liter of water or uproot the weeds by hand weeding after 25 day of sowing and repeat the same practice after 15 day interval if needed.