Overview
Disciplines use different formatting styles (e.g., MLA, APA, ASA, IEEE, etc.). For instance, graduate students in History might use the Chicago Manual of Style for formatting their written works while graduate students in Electrical Engineering might use IEEE. Psychology graduate students will most likely use APA formatting style while graduate students in the field of Chemistry might use ACS style.
The bottom line is that part of becoming an advanced-level student in your area of study involves becoming comfortable with using the expected formatting styles within your field.
Formatting Styles in Education
APA: The most common formatting and style guide is the American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual.
Chicago: Some journals, particularly those published by or associated with the University of Chicago Press, follow the Chicago Manual of Style.