The Five Components of Early Literacy
Phonological awareness (PA): the ability to hear and play with the smaller sounds in words, beginning with recognizing environmental sounds and progressing to hearing syllables, rhyme, and sounds at the beginning of words.
Print conventions and awareness (PCA): knowing that print has meaning, and knowing how to handle a book, follow text on a page, and recognize environmental print.
Letter knowledge (LK): knowing that the same letter can look different that letters have names and represent sounds.
Vocabulary (V): knowing the meanings of words, including words for things, concepts, feelings, and ideas.
Background knowledge (BK): prior knowledge, or what a child knows before entering kindergarten from his or her experiences with living and language. This is a result of several skills.
(Ghoting & Martinez-Diaz, 2013).
Focus Age Group: Infant - 18 months
Program Objective: Introduce alphabet knowledge, universal concepts, mnemonics and multisensory learning opportunities, group learning.
Best Scheduled Time: 10:00 AM - 11:15 AM
Budget: $50 each session - supplies for each activity can be purchased at a dollar store, recycled or used from natural resources (i.e. different leaves to show colors, shape and size).
Example Program Activity:
Alphabet Letters
Materials Needed:
DIY Egg shakers
Chicka Chicka Boom Boom book
DIY Storyboard with palm trees and alphabet letters
Open up the program with a song: Alphabet song. (PA)
Use DIY storyboard of book to introduce concepts and vocabulary: palm trees, actions in the story, alphabet letters, colors, etc. (PCA)(LK) (V) (BK)
Read Chicka Chicka Boom Boom by Bill Martin, Jr. and John Archambault
Introduce egg shakers (could be any small pebbles, lentils, beans inside a sealed, superglued recycled containers) (BK)
Sing the alphabet with egg shakers (PA)
Focus Age Group: 18 months - 3 years
Program Objective: Didactic reading, encourage children to talk and share topics about the story. Children demonstrate phonological awareness by being able to complete a rhyme, find objects in a picture with the same beginning sound. StoryTime introducing more vocabulary and concepts.
Best Scheduled Time: 10:00 AM - 11:15 AM
Budget: $50 per session, for Play-Doh, construction paper, ect. Also, might change depending on number of supplies needed
Example Activity:
Koalas are NOT BEARS!
Materials Needed:
Don't Call Me Bear! by Aaron Blabey
DIY Storyboard
Cut-outs of marsupials - bears and other animals that are NOT koalas
Safe Play-Doh
DIY Koala Paperbag Puppet
Introduce Warren the DIY Koala Paperbag Puppet to the children. Use as many rhyming words as possible (bear, care, fair, have children add on to Warren's rhyming rant with words that rhyme).(PA) (LK) (V) (BK)
Take out DIY Storyboard and animal cut-outs. Introduce animals and marsupials, a type of mammal. Identify and discuss similarities and differences between a bear and a koala. (V) (BK)
Read Don't Call Me Bear! by Aaron Blabey (PCA)
Close out with a final discussion about koalas and bears. Have children demonstrate what a koala looks like using safe Play-Doh. Children have free-play with the safe Play-Doh.
Focus Age Group: 3 years - 6 years
Program Objective: To offer a variety of STEAM activities that are age appropriate, encourage the development of literacy skills in mathematics, science, art, technology and engineering.
Best Scheduled Time: 10:00 AM - 11:15 AM, Ready for Preschool will have sessions twice a week from June - August to beat the summer slide for Preschoolers, TK and Kindergarteners.
Budget: $50 - $100 per session, depending on amount of supplies needed
Example Activity:
Patterns in Art
Materials Needed:
Alma's Art by Roda Ahmed book
Assorted foam shapes
Construction paper
DIY Storyboard
Felt large pieces of shapes
Glue or glue dots
Introduce DIY Storyboard of Alma's Art to children. Take out felt shapes in assorted colors and have children identify the various colors of the shapes. (V) (BK)
Ask children if they recognize any shapes and can guess what some shapes are called (in case they don't know). Display felt shapes in a pattern and ask children what they notice, encourage participation by asking questions. (V) (BK)
Read Alma's Art by Roda Ahmed. (PA) (PCA)
Ask children if they notice any patterns in the library. (BK)
Distribute supplies and have children create patterns and art pieces with the provided materials.
Focus Group: Parents, caregivers, tutors
Program Objective: Provide any adult that cares for young children or is an educator with resources that will promote and encourage early literacy skills.
Best Scheduled Time: 10:00 AM - 11:15 AM & 5:30 PM - 6:00 PM, also available online.
Budget: $50 if drinks or snacks are provided.
Example Activity:
StoryTime To-Go Kits
Materials Needed:
library books paired with applicable finger puppets
craft activities
reading guides
video resources
After introducing ECRR2 and VIEWS2 early literacy development practices, we will discuss various ways we can incorporate these practices at home and away from home. Parents will learn how to select great sources and materials and will have the opportunity to check out a StoryTime To Go Kit.
Focus Group: Library Staff
Program Objective: Provide library staff with professional development opportunities on how to incorporate ECRR and VIEWS2 components and practices on StoryTimes and other library programming.
Budget: N/A
Example Activity:
Tips on StoryTimes for Children with Special Needs
Materials Needed:
Projector or Promethean Board to project videos and slides for workshops
Handouts, index cards with tips
Focus Age Group: For all family, 0-8 years old
Program Objective: Facilitate fun library programming for all family members to enjoy, with a special focus on topics that pique young children's interests. This program will be like a bedtime story, calming activity right before bed for young children.
Best Scheduled Time: 6:00 PM - 7:00 PM
Budget: $100 - $200 depending on how many people RSVP and attend this library program
Example Activity:
Pajamarama: Dia de los Muertos
Materials Needed:
Projector or Promethean board to project story slides and video resources
Day of the Dead- Monarch Butterfly Migration to Michoacán, México - YouTube Video
Ghost Wings by Barbara M. Joose
A Celebration of Life: El Dia de los Muertos - YouTube Video
Day of the Dead by Tony Johnston
Coloring pages of monarch butterflies and calaveras
Crayons and colored pencils
Begin library program by explaining to the audience what Dia de los Muertos is about and how it is celebrated throughout the Americas. (V) (BK)
Discuss what some of the symbols and altar essentials might mean before explaining their meanings and traditions. (V)(BK)
Watch Day of the Dead - Monarch Butterfly Migration to Michoacán, México video (V) (BK)
Read Ghost Wings by Barbara M. Joose.
Watch A Celebration of Life: El Dia de los Muertos video
Read Day of the Dead by Tony Johnston.
Conclude with a relaxing coloring activity. Families can take coloring pages home or can color at the library if they'd like.
Focus Age Group: 4 - 8 years old
Program Objective: Focus on building bilingual vocabulary and provide complementary storytimes and activities for bilingual education. All components and practices apply to all language building early literacy skills (Newman, S., Moland N. & Celano, D., 2017).
Budget: $50 based on craft and prop supplies needed for the program.
Example Activity:
Monstros y Pan Dulce / Monsters & Sweet Bread
Materials Needed:
Little Monster, What Pan Dulce Do You Want? / ¿Monstruito, qué pan dulce quieres? by Ana G. Esparza book
DIY Storyboard
DIY Pan Dulce images and vocabulary
safe Play-Doh
This storytime's main focus is on adjectives. Children will be introduced to new vocabulary words in English and Spanish. (PA) (PCA) (LK) (V) (BK)
Use DIY Storyboard and use DIY pan dulce images and vocabulary to introduce children to new vocabulary and concepts. (PCA) (V) (BK)
Read Little Monster, What Pan Dulce Do You Want? / ¿Monstruito, qué pan dulce quieres? by Ana G. Esparza (PCA) (LK)
Have a discussion about the adjectives. (V) (BK)
Distribute Play-Doh and use words to describe the creations they make. (LK) (V) (BK)
Free play with the Play-Doh.
Atkinson, A. (2013). Critical Review: Does dialogic book reading improve overall language skills in preschoolers?. Unpublished manuscript. Retrieved from https://www.uwo.ca/fhs/lwm/teaching/EBP/2012_13/Atkinson_A.pdf
Bodrova, E. & Leong, D. J. (2017). Play and early literacy: A Vygotskian approach. In K. Roskos & J. F. Christie (Eds.), Play and literacy in early childhood: research from multiple perspectives (2nd ed.) (pp. 185-200). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Campana, K., Mills, J.E., & Ghoting, S.N. (2016). Supercharged storytimes: An early literacy planning and assessment guide. American Library Association.
Ghoting, S. N., & Martin-Diaz, P. (2013). Storytimes for everyone: developing young children's language and literacy.
Lil' Libros (2022). Lil' libros learning portal. Retrieved from https://www.lillibrosportal.com/
MacLean, J. (2008). Library preschool storytimes: Developing early literacy skills in children. Library Preschool Storytimes, 1-13.
Newman, S., Moland N., & Celano, D. (2017). Every child ready to read @ your library: bringing literacy home: an evaluation of the every child ready to read program. Retrieved from http://everychildreadytoread.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2017-ECRR-Report-Final.pdf