Definition: A mod M = C; (M is the modular)
Congruence Relation: A and B is congruence related if the difference (A-B) is multiple of M
Addition: (A mod M) + (B mod M) = (A + B) mod M
Multiplication: (A mod M) * (B mod M) = (A*B) mod M
Exponentiation: A^E mod M = Prod(A^(2^ i) mod M)(i=0:n)
E Binary form: E = Sum(2^i) where i=0:n;
A^E = A^(Sum(2^i)(i=0:n)) = Prod(A^(2^i))(i=0:n)