1. Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an organic and inorganic hybrid polymeric material. In the light of growing interests on the emergent nanoporous materials including MOFs, especially as materials for storage, separation, catalysis and transport, considerable efforts have been given to get custom designed internal environments of pores or channels. Synthesis of new MOFs has become immensely important because of their potential applications in gas storage and separation.
- Carbon dioxide storage and separation
CO2 is one of the most important greenhouse gasses. Recently, as increasing the average temperature of the earth, sequestration or conversion of CO2 became an important issue in chemistry. Chemists can synthesize new adsorbent for storage or separation and can design new catalyst for conversion of CO2. New MOFs and related porous materials which adsorb CO2 selectively will be prepared.
Reference
Kim, H; Kim, Y.; Yoon, M.; Lim, S.; Park, S.; Seo, G.; Kim, K. "Highly Selective Carbon Dioxide Sorption in an Organic Molecular Porous Material" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12200-12202.
Yoon, M.;* Moon, D.* "New Zr (IV) based metal-organic framework comprising a sulfur-containing ligand: Enhancement of CO2 and H2 storage capacity" Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2015, 215, 116-122.
- Environmental applications of MOFs
MOF were successfully employed for environmental applications including dye adsorption and degradation.
Reference
Hahm, H.; Kim, S.;Ha, H.; Jung, S.; Kim, Y.; Yoon, M.;* Kim, M.* "Charged Functional Group Effects on Metal-Organic Framework for Selective Organic Dye Adsorptions" CrystEngComm, 2015, 17, 8418-8422.
Kim, S.; Lee, J.; Son, Y.; Yoon, M.* Dye Adsorption Kinetics Study on Metal-Organic Frameworks in Aqueous Medium. Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc. 2020, 41, 843-850 (Selected Cover article).
Venkateswarlu, S.; Reddy, A. S.; Panda, A.; Sarkar, D.; Son, Y.; Yoon, M.* Reversible Fluorescence Switching of MOF Nanoparticles: Security Ink and Ultrasensitive Detection of Pb2+ Ions in Aqueous Media. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020, 3, 3684-3692.
2. Chemical Reaction in Confined Space (MOFs)
MOFs have uniformly arranged nanometer sized pores inside of the solid state material. The pores can provide unique platform for occurring chemical reactions. The confined space may offer a unique space for1) stabilizing reaction intermediate, 2) making unusual reaction product, and 3) characterizing the reaction product by X-ray crystallography. The listed information will be helpful to understand reaction mechanism.
References
Banerjee, M.; Das, S.; Yoon, M.; Choi, H. J.; Hyun, M. H.; Park, S. M.; Seo, G.; Kim, K. "Postsynthetic Modification Switches an Achiral Framework to Catalytically Active Homochiral Metal-Organic Porous Materials" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 7524-7525.
Yoon, M.; Srirambalaji, R. Kim, K. "Homochiral Metal-Organic Frameworks for Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis" Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 1196-1231.
Srirambalaji, R.; Hong, S.; Natarajan, R.; Yoon, M.; Ko, Y.; Kim, Y.; Hota, R.; Kim, K. “Tandem Catalysis with Bifunctional Site-Isolated Lewis Acid-Brønsted Base Metal-Organic Framework, NH2-MIL-101(Al)” Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 11650-11652.
3. Hydrogen Storage
There are several unique methods for hydrogen storage. Our group started investigation for the development of hydrogen storage materials. 1) The solid state porous material offers unique platform for hydrogen storage at low temperature for facile storage and release. 2) Liquid-organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) can also offers unique platform for the storage of hydrogen at room temperature by chemical hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.
References
Yoon, M.;* Moon, D.* "New Zr (IV) based metal-organic framework comprising a sulfur-containing ligand: Enhancement of CO2 and H2 storage capacity" Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2015, 215, 116-122.
Rao, P. C.; Yoon, M.* Potential Liquid-Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) Systems: A Review on Recent Progress. Energies 2020, 13, 6040.
4. Ion conduction in Porous Materials
Proton and lithium ion conducting materials can be used as a electrolyte of fuel cells or Li ion batteries, respectively. Although there are many commercially available ion conducting materials, high price and limited operation temperature limits its wide application. Therefore, development of new ion conducting materials is important issue in battery research. Especially, modularly built porous materials including MOFs and organic molecular porous materials allows a new opportunity as a new ion conducting material.
References
Yoon, M.; Suh, K.; Kim, H.; Kim, Y.; Selvapalam, N.; Kim, K. "High, Anisotropic Proton Conductivity in Organic Molecular Porous Materials" Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 7080-7083.
Yoon, M.; Suh, K.; Natarajan, S.; Kim, K. “Proton Conduction in Metal-Organic Frameworks and Related Materials” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 2688-2700.
Park, J.; Suh, K.; Rohman, Md. R.; Hwang, W.; Yoon, M.; Kim, K. "Solid lithium electrolytes based on an organic molecular porous solid", Chem. Commun, 2015, 51, 9313-9316.
Song. Y.; Khudozhitkov, A.; Lee, J.; Kang, H.; Kolokolov, D. I.;* Stepanov, A. G.; Yoon, M.* Transformation of a proton insulator to a conductor via reversible amorphous to crystalline structure transformation of MOFs. Chem. Commun. 2020, 56, 4468-4471.
5. Magnetic Properties and Applications
Many of transition metal ions or lanthanide ions usually have interesting magnetic properties. MOFs and other organometallic complexes shows interesting magnetic relaxation behavior, which is useful for design of memory devices. Therefore, development of new organometallic and MOFs with interesting magnetic properties is studied.
References
Kim, H.; Yoon, M.; Lee, G. H; Lee, D.-H.; Kim, K.; Park, G. “Synthesis of 2D Metal-Organic Networks with Large Internal Cavities and Their Magnetic Properties” Inorg. Chem. Comm. 2012, 21, 137-141.
Ren, M.; Pinkowicz, D.; Yoon, Y.; Kim, K.; Zheng, L.-M.; Breedlovea, B. K.; Yamashita, M. "Dy(III) Single-Ion Magnet Showing Extreme Sensitivity to (de)hydration" Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 8342-8348.
Venkateswarlu, S.; Yoon, M.* "New Room-Temperature Organic Molecule-Based Magnets" Trends in Chem. 2019, 1, 363-364.
6. Synthesis of New Carbon Materials
Excellent adsorption properties of activated carbon materials, such as charcoal, have been known for centuries as food poisoning remedies or odor absorbers. Recently, porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which possess highly crystalline structures and large pores have also been employed for template casting porous carbons. Synthesis of new porous carbon materials and their applications will be studied.
References
Kim, E.; Yoon, M.* "Facile synthesis of g-Fe2O3@porous carbon materials using an Fe-based metal-organic framework: Structure and porosity control" J. Por. Mater. 2015, 22, 1495-1502.
Song, Y.; Cho, D.; Venkateswarlu, S.; Yoon, M.* "Systematic study on preparation of copper nanoparticle embedded porous carbon by carbonization of metal–organic framework for enzymatic glucose sensor" RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 10592-10600.
Panda, A.; Kim, E.; Choi, Y. N.; Lee, J.; Venkateswarlu, S.;* Yoon, M.* "Phase Controlled Synthesis of Pt Doped Co Nanoparticle Composites Using a Metal-Organic Framework for Fischer–Tropsch Catalysis" Catalysts 2019, 9, 156.
Hong, S.; Kim, Y.; Kim, Y.; Suh, K.; Yoon, M.*; Kim, K.* Hierarchical Porous Carbon Materials Prepared by Direct Carbonization of Metal-Organic Frameworks as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitors. Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc. 2021 DOI:10.1002/bkcs.12145.
7. Environmental Applications of Natural Resource Derived Nanomaterials
Iron oxide (Fe3O4) composite materials are useful for environmental applications due to their unique surface properties and magnetic properties. We are recently working on the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles utilizing bioresource (pineapple extracts). The Fe3O4 nanoparticles are further functionalized for environmental applications especially heavy metal removal. In addition, onion was used for the preparation of 2D carbon flakes, which was further functionalized by Fe3O4 nanoparticles for arsenite removal. Recent works are also focus on heavy metal ions removal and sensing using natural resource derived nanomaterials.
References
Venkateswalru, S.; Yoon, M.* "Rapid removal of cadmium ions using green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles capped with diethyl-4-(4 amino-5- mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl phosphonate" RSC Adv. 2015, 6, 65444-65453.
Venkateswalru, S.; Yoon, M.* "Surfactant-Free Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles capped with 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylcarbamodithioate: Stable Recyclable Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rapid and Efficient Removal of Hg(II) Ions from Water" Dalton Trans. 2015, 44, 18427-18437.
Venkateswalru, S.; Yoon, M.* "Core-Shell Ferromagnetic Nanorod Based on Amine Polymer Composite (Fe3O4@DAPF) for Fast Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions" ACS App. Mater. Inter. 2015, 7, 25362-25372.
Venkateswarlu, S.; Lee, D.;* Yoon, M.* "Bioinspired 2D-Carbon Flakes and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Composite for Arsenite Removal" ACS App. Mater. Inter. 2016, 8, 23876-23885.
Venkateswarlu, S.; Viswanath, B.; Reddy, A. S.*; Yoon, M.* "Fungus-derived photoluminescent carbon nanodots for ultrasensitive detection of Hg2+ ions and photoinduced bactericidal activity" Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2018, 258, 172-183.
Panda, A.; S. K. Arumugasamy; Lee, J.; Son, Y.; Yun, K.;* Venkateswarlu, S.;* Yoon, M.* Chemical-free sustainable carbon nano-onion as a dual-mode sensor platform for noxious volatile organic compounds. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2021, 537, 147872.
Venkateswarlu, S.;* Mahajan, H.; Panda, A.; Lee, J.; Govindaraju, S.; Yun, K.; Yoon, M.* Fe3O4 Nano Assembly Embedded in 2D-Crumpled Porous Carbon Sheet for High Energy Density Supercapacitor. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 420, 127584