Here's a list of highly efficient frequently needed algorithms implemented by me. If you want implementations of any, just write to me.
Tree Traversals
Get post-order traversal given pre-order and in-order traversals uniquely determining a binary tree.
Get pre-order traversal given post-order and in-order traversals uniquely determining a binary tree.
Get in-order traversal given pre-order and post-order traversals uniquely determining a binary tree having exactly two children for every internal node.
Matrix Algorithms
Inverting Matrices
Strassen's Algorithm for matrix multiplication
Graph Algorithms
BFS, DFS, topological Sorting, Strongly Connected Components etc.
Bellman Ford and Dijkstra's algorithm (using minimum heap and priority queue) for single source shortest paths
Floyd-Warshall's Algorithm for all-source shortest paths
Prim's and Kruskal Algorithm for generation of minimum spanning tree
Dynamic Programming in tree to reduce many O(n2) algorithms to O(n)
Diameter of a tree using Breadth First Search
Dynamic Programming
Knapsack (0,1) Problem
Longest Common Sub-sequences
Assembly Line Chaining
Polynomial-time Matrix Multiplication
Dynamic Programming to reduce many exponential-time algorithms to polynomial-time
Elementary Sorting Algorithms
Tree Sort
Heapsort
Merge Sort
Quicksort
Sorting in Linear time: Counting Sort, Radix sort and Bucket Sort
Miscellaneous
Generating contiguous prime numbers between two given numbers anywhere within range of 1 to 10^9 and differing by at most 10^5 in under 0.21 s (in a heavy language like Java) by optimising Sieve of Eratosthenes
Finding the next palindrome of an input number which can contain as many as 10^9 digits (yes DIGITS)!
Variable Converter: A DFA that can convert c_cplusplus_type_variables to javaTypeVariables and vice-versa.
Conference Track Management program - using a best-fit approximation algorithm on talks sorted in descending order by duration.