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Raphael, whose actual name was Raphael Santi or Raphael Sanzio, lived from 1483 to 1520 and was a major Italian Renaissance painter. Raphael's works show the clearest expression of harmony and balance of High Renaissance composition.
His first elements of art were taught to him by his father Giovanni Santi who was a painter at the court of Federigo Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino. As his father died in 1491, Raphael went to the workshop of Perugino six years later leading to the fact that Perugino had great influence on Raphael which can be seen for example in his works like The Crucifixion and The Knight's Dream. Moreover, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Masaccio, and, especially, Fra Bartolomeo had great influence on his works. During his time in Florence, he painted many Madonnas that are known for their softness in expression. Furthermore, he painted his self-portrait during his time in Florence.
However, his mature work can be found in Rome in the Vatican where he was fully responsible for the Stanza della Segnatura which was finished in 1511. In addition to that, he designed ten tapestries for the Sistine Chapel. In 1514 he was named successor to Bramante as chief architect of the Vatican. Moreover, he designed a number of churches, palaces, and mansions. During his time in Rome, he continued painting his Madonnas such as the Madonna with the Fish and the Madonna of the Chair.
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