After reading, teachers might consider one of the following:
3 – 2 – 1
A 3 – 2 – 1 is a simple way for students to show what they have learned or ask questions about a topic. It can be used after reading, at the end of class, or toward the end of a unit as review. Teachers can adapt the 3 – 2 - 1 organizer to best meet their needs. They might have three facts the students learned from a reading, two questions they had as they read, and one thing in an article that they found interesting. Teachers might also be more specific and ask for students to write three facts they learned about weapons during WWII, two battles that were fought during the war, and one way the war impacted the home front. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 organizers might also be used if reviewing an entire unit or a long article.
Cartoons / Cartoon Strip
Single cartoons or cartoon strips are a wonderful way for students to show their ideas through art. After reading, allow students to draw a cartoon strip showing an event from a story, or a process, such as how a bill becomes a law or how a cell transforms during mitosis. Drawing can be a simple way for students to prove their understanding while also being creative.
Discussion Web
Useful during or after reading, this organizer has students identify which facts are important to the text and which are trivial. As they read, students write facts onto one column or another. Teachers might consider giving students the main topic from the reading and having them write down details that connect to the issue in one column and details that are not directly related in another. By mapping out the relevant and irrelevant details, this will help guide student discussions. Teachers might also adapt the organizer to also show two sides of an issue prior to a classroom debate, such as the beliefs of Democrats versus Republicans, or whether or not a character should have made a certain choice in a story. Writing down their ideas will help them form better arguments for a debate.
Exit Slips
Similar to “Admit Slips”, this strategy is a quick, easy way for teachers to monitor student understanding. At the end of class, the teacher asks students to write down information about what was learned that day. Exit slips can follow a variety of formats. Teachers may ask students questions on the slips, have them write down three facts they learned, have students fill in a small graphic organizer, or draw a picture about what they learned. It is a quick, formative way for teachers to track student progress and understanding.
Graphic Organizers
After reading, graphic organizers are an easy way to have students reflect on what they read and synthesize their thinking. A variety of organizers can be used based on the format of the text. If reading a story, students might complete a plot diagram. For nonfiction text, students may fill out an organizer based on the text structure used in the reading. If the information is written in chronological order, students might take notes on a timeline, whereas if it was written using a problem and solution format, students can identify the issues and possible solutions. Teachers might also create their own organizers to best fit the format of the text.
GRASP (Guided Reading and Summarizing Procedure)
For this strategy, students read the text and try to remember as many important facts as possible. After they have read, they put the text away and write down every fact they can remember from the reading. Next, students go back into the text to look for things they missed and add the additional facts to their list. Then students categorize, or organize the list of information they took from the text. Finally, after categorizing, students write a summary of the text based on their personal notes. This strategy may be used both during and after reading.
Magnet Summary
This activity is used both during and after reading. Once a teacher has selected a piece of text, he or she chooses four or five key concepts from the reading. Before reading, the students receive those concepts on index cards. Then, as the students read, they write down details on the index cards that relate to the main ideas on the cards. After reading, these cards serve as the basis for a summary of their reading.
Photo Captions
Photo captions help to show student understanding of a certain subject or concept. After reading, the teacher gives the class four to eight photographs, illustrations, and / or drawings. The students write picture “captions” to show their understanding of the subject matter. This activity might also be done by allowing the students to draw something from the unit of study and then asking pairs to write captions for each other’s pictures.
Poetry
Poetry can be a fantastic alternative to completing a full length piece of writing. It is less time consuming, yet the students are still given the chance to be creative:
Bio Poem / “I Am” Poem
Bio Poems can be used for a variety of topics, such as famous inventors, scientists, athletes, or story characters. Teachers may use a template to help guide students in their writing and may adapt any bio poem format to best meet the needs of the given assignment.
Cinquain
A cinquain is a five line poem that generally describes one specific subject or concept. It uses the following format:
line one: one word / subject
line two: two adjectives that describe line one
line three: three action verbs that relate to line one
line four: four feelings or a four word sentence that relates to line one
line five: one word that is a synonym of line one
Diamante
A cross between a cinquain and a poem for two voices, diamantes use words to describe two opposing sides. Students may contrast two subjects such as a predator and its prey or varying concepts such as discrimination and tolerance.
line one: one word opposite of line seven
line two: two words describing line one
line three: three action verbs that relate to line one
line four: four words – two relating to line one / two relating to line seven
line five: three action verbs that relate to line seven
line six: two words describing line seven
line seven: one word contrasting line one
“How – To” Poem
Instead of listing directions, have students write a “how to” poem. Students might write on subjects such as “How to be a Tornado” or “How to Clean Your Instrument.”
Poems for Two Voices
Poems for two voices help students recognize the similarities and differences between two sides. Possible opposing voices might be fiction / nonfiction or chemical and physical reactions. An example might include:
I am fiction. I am nonfiction.
I include stories, folk tales, I include essays, biographies,
novels, and fables. almanacs, and travel guides.
I use opinions, creativity, I use facts.
and narrators.
I tell stories. I tell the truth.
I am fake. I am real.
Shape Poe
Shape poems may be used for nearly any subject matter! Students decide on an object, brainstorm words related to that subject, and then use the words to make the shape of the object.
Report Cards
Report cards allow students to judge an object’s features or characteristics. Before completing the activity, teachers need to prepare the report cards by deciding on a subject, such as one of Van Gogh’s paintings, and its characteristics, such as dull, simple, and imaginative. Students will give Van Gogh “grades” based on the given features. For example, if the painting is very bright, then they would give him a poor grade for dullness and then explain their thinking. When done in pairs, this strategy activates thoughtful discussion and forces students to provide support for their thinking. In addition to using critical thinking skills, students are often introduced to new vocabulary terms.
Byron’s Report Card
Semantic Feature Analysis
This activity may be used as a before, during, or after reading strategy. It allows students to compare features of various topics being studied.
Top Ten Lists
Top Ten lists are a fun way for students to use their knowledge but also be creative! Students should first list facts about a subject matter. Next they decide on items they believe to be interesting or unusual, which become the basis for their lists. Possible topics include “Top Ten Reasons Why You Should Stay Away from Drugs” or “Top Ten Reasons Why We Should Study Probability”. If the students struggle to identify ten reasons, have them write a “Fab Five” list instead!
WANTED poster
Students may create WANTED posters for subjects in which they are studying. Posters should include pictures, facts, and “silly statements” to keep the posters interesting. Brief phrases may be used instead of complete sentences. The posters allow students to be creative while still showing their subject area knowledge.
Writing
Writing activities are useful as both before and after reading strategies. When utilized after reading, students can show their new found knowledge and understanding of the subject matter:
A Day in the Life…
After researching or learning about a subject, students can write a “day in the life” account of various items, such as a white blood cell, a crayfish, or a drop of water.
Conversations / Dialogue
In this creative writing assignment, students write an imaginary conversation between two things, such as a solid and a gas or a current and a past president.
Diary / Journal
Diary and journal entries generally show a student / object / person’s feelings on a day to day basis. Students might right diary entries in unusual perspectives.
Directions / “How – To”
Students write directions explaining “how to” do something related to daily class work or a topic they have been studying.
Guess Who / What?
After reading or learning key terms in a unit, students may write “Guess Who / What” statements. The students will make a list of characteristics describing an object, person, or term. Once the statements have been written, students can share them with a neighbor and use this as a tool for review. This strategy will help teachers assess student knowledge of key terms and topics without actually “testing.”
Imaginary Interview
Ask students to write an imaginary interview. They might consider questioning an atom about its daily life, a person from another time period in history, or an object used often in class, such as a paintbrush. This activity not only allows students to think critically about questions to ask, but also lets them show their knowledge of the subject matter.
Letters
Letters can be used in a variety of ways in the classroom. Students might write letters back and forth about people from different periods in history or characters from different stories. Teachers might also direct students to write letters to local businesses, famous athletes, well-known authors, or other persons relevant to the topic at hand.
RAFT
RAFT stands for Role, Audience, Format, and Topic. When students complete this writing assignment, they generally take on the role of an unusual object or person. The following chart shows possible RAFT writing combinations:
Story Problems
After using story problems in science or math class, students may write some of their own! Teachers should make sure to model the writing process for students and give them templates / examples to follow to help guide their thinking.
Take a Stand / Editorial
Ask students to stand up for their beliefs and write an editorial for a newspaper on something they would like to see changed. Teachers may have students focus on a school-related topic or something they have been studying in class.
Lesson plans
Alabama Course of Study Objective
Learning Target/Purpose in student friendly terms
Before Instruction Strategy and Purpose
During Instruction Strategy and Purpose
After Instruction Strategy and Purpose
Assessment
Assignment
Before, During and After Instructional Strategies
Before Instruction Strategies Purpose
Activate prior knowledge
Build background knowledge
Establish a purpose for reading /lesson
Generate questions
Make predictions
Discuss vocabulary
Connect writing to reading
During Instruction Strategies Purpose
Engage with the text /content
Use metacognitive (process of thinking about thinking) and cognitive processes /mental imagery
Verify and formulate predictions
Integrate new information with prior knowledge
Self-monitor comprehension
Construct graphic organizers
Summarize text /steps
After Instruction Strategies Purpose
Reflect on what they read or material/ content studied
Evaluate predictions
Examine questions that guided reading
Respond to text through discussion and/or writing
Retell or summarize
Possible Strategies
KWL
Anticipation Guide
ABC Brainstorm /Summary
Concept Map
Quick Write
Pose a Question
5 Word Prediction
Preview and Predict
Preview chart
Thinking Map
Think Aloud
Table Talk
Prereading Plan
Semantic Map
List-Group-Label
Entrance Slips
Think-Pair-Share
INSERT
Quadrant Card / 4 Square
Graphic Organizers
Carousel
QAR
Ink Think /Chalk Talk
Knowledge Rating
Possible Strategies
Think Aloud
3-2-1
Turn and Talk
Grand Conversation
Talking to the Text
Flag and Tag
Margin Notes
X Marks the Spot
Margin Notes
3 Minute Pause
KWL
Thinking Map
Semantic Feature Analysis
Venn Diagram
T-Chart
Paired /Group Summary
Magnet Summary
Reciprocal Teaching
Jot Chart
Jigsaw Groups
Table Talk
Think-Pair-Share
Say Something
Coding the Text
INSERT
Save the Last Word for Me
Graphic Organizers
Grand Conversation
Carousel
QAR
Ink Think /Chalk Talk
Cubing
Knowledge Rating
Possible Strategies
Exit Slips
Circle of Reflection
I Think Statement
Stickman Notes
Character Sketch
Final Word
5 Word Prediction /Summary
Anticipation Guide
Quick Write
KWL
Thinking Map
GIST
Semantic Feature Analysis
Venn Diagram
T-Chart
Paired /Group Summary
One-Pager
Magnet Summary
RAFT Paper
Think Aloud
3-2-1
Prereading Plan
Semantic Map
Think-Pair-Share
INSERT
Save the Last Word for Me
Discussion Web
Journal Responses
Quadrant Card / 4 Square
Graphic Organizers
Grand Conversation
Carousel
Ink Think /Chalk Talk
Cubing
Knowledge Rating
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