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Senior Scientist

Met Office Hadley Centre

UK

Associate editor Atmospheric Science Letters

Research

May 2016 - Present: Senior climate dynamics scientist at the UK Met Office, Exeter, UK. Working with Dr Nick Dunstone.

May 2008 - May 2016: Stratospheric research scientist at the UK Met Office, Exeter, UK. Working with Dr Fiona O'Connor and Dr Neal Butchart.

Jan 2007 - April 2008: Postdoc in Atmospheric Physics, University of Toronto, Canada. Supervisor Prof Paul Kushner.

Sept 2003 - Dec 2006: PhD, "Stratosphere-Troposphere Dynamical Coupling", DAMTP, University of Cambridge, UK and UK Met Office, Exeter, UK. Supervisors Prof Peter Haynes and Dr Neal Butchart.

Research related links

The Royal Meterological Society

Selected papers

Hardiman, Steven C., Adam A. Scaife Annelize van Niekerk, Rachel Prudden, Aled Owen, Samantha V. Adams, Tom Dunstan, Nick J. Dunstone, and Sam Madge (2023), Machine learning for non-orographic gravity waves in a climate model, Artif. Intell. Earth Syst., doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/AIES-D-22-0081.1 

Hardiman, Steven C., Nick J. Dunstone, Adam A. Scaife, Doug M. Smith, Ruth Comer, Yu Nie, and Hong-Li Ren (2022), Missing eddy feedback may explain weak signal-to-noise ratios in climate predictions, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 5, 57, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00280-4 

Abalos, Marta, Natalia Calvo, Samuel Benito-Barca, Hella Garny, Steven C. Hardiman, Pu Lin, Martin B. Andrews, Neal Butchart, Rolando Garcia, Clara Orbe, David Saint-Martin, Shingo Watanabe, and Kohei Yoshida (2021), The Brewer-Dobson circulation in CMIP6, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13571-13591, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13571-2021 

Hardiman, Steven C., Nick J. Dunstone, Adam A. Scaife, Doug M. Smith, Jeff R. Knight, Paul Davies, Martin Claus, and Richard J. Greatbatch (2020), Predictability of European winter 2019/20: Indian Ocean dipole impacts on the NAO, Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2020;e1005, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1005

Wang, Lei, Steven C. Hardiman, Philip E. Bett, Ruth E. Comer, Chris Kent, and Adam A. Scaife (2020), What chance of a sudden stratospheric warming in the southern hemisphere?, Environ. Res. Lett., doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba8c1

Hardiman, Steven C., Adam A. Scaife, Nick. J. Dunstone, and Lin Wang (2020), Subseasonal vacillations in the winter stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL087766. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087766

Hardiman, Steven C., Martin B. Andrews, Timothy Andrews, Andrew C. Bushell, Nick J. Dunstone, Harold Dyson, Gareth S. Jones, Jeff R. Knight, Erica Neininger, Fiona M. O'Connor, Jeff K. Ridley, Mark A. Ringer, Adam A. Scaife, Catherine A. Senior, and Richard A. Wood (2019), The impact of prescribed ozone in climate projections run with HadGEM3-GC3.1, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11, 3443-3453, doi:10.1029/2019MS001714

Hardiman, S. C., N. J. Dunstone, A. A. Scaife, D. M. Smith, S. Ineson, J. Lim, and D. Fereday (2019), The impact of strong El Nino and La Nina events on the North Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 2874-2883, doi:10.1029/2018GL081776

Hardiman, S. C., N. J. Dunstone, A. A. Scaife, P. E. Bett, C. Li, B. Lu, H.-L. Ren, D. M. Smith, and C. C. Stephan (2018), The asymmetric response of Yangtze river basin summer rainfall to El Nino/La Nina, Environ. Res. Lett., 13(2), 024015, doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa172

Hardiman, S. C., P. Lin, A. A. Scaife, N. J. Dunstone, and H.-L. Ren (2017), The influence of dynamical variability on the observed Brewer-Dobson Circulation trend, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44 (6), 2885-2892, doi:10.1002/2017GL072706

Hardiman, S. C., N. Butchart, F. M. O'Connor, and S. T. Rumbold (2017), The Met Office HadGEM3-ES Chemistry-Climate Model: Evaluation of stratospheric dynamics and its impact on ozone, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1209-1232, doi:10.5194/gmd-10-1209-2017

Baran, Anthony J., Peter Hill, David Walters, Steven C. Hardiman, Kalli Furtado, Paul R. Field, and James Manners (2016), The Impact of Two Coupled Cirrus Microphysics-Radiation Parameterizations on the Temperature and Specific Humidity Biases in the Tropical Tropopause Layer in a Climate Model, J. Climate, 29, 5299-5316, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0821.1

Hardiman, Steven C., Ian A. Boutle, Andrew C. Bushell, Neal Butchart, Mike J. P. Cullen, Paul R. Field, Kalli Furtado, James C. Manners, Sean F. Milton, Cyril Morcrette, Fiona M. O'Connor, Ben J. Shipway, Chris Smith, David N. Walters, Martin R. Willett, Keith D. Williams, Nigel Wood, N Luke Abraham, James Keeble, Amanda C Maycock, John Thuburn, and Matthew T. Woodhouse (2015), Processes controlling tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor in climate models, J. Climate., 28, 6516–6535. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0075.1

Kidston, J., A. A. Scaife, S. C. Hardiman, D. M. Mitchell, N. Butchart, M. P. Baldwin and L. J. Gray (2015), Stratospheric influence on tropospheric jet streams, storm tracks and surface weather, Nature Geoscience, 8, 433–440. doi: 10.1038/NGEO2424

Butler, Amy H., Dian J. Seidel, Steven C. Hardiman, Neal Butchart, Thomas Birner, and Aaron Match (2015), Defining sudden stratospheric warmings, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 1913–1928. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00173.1

Seviour, William J. M., Steven C. Hardiman, Lesley J. Gray, Neal Butchart, Craig MacLachlan, and Adam A. Scaife (2014), Skillful seasonal prediction of the Southern Annular Mode and Antarctic ozone, J. Climate, 27, 7462–7474. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00264.1

Hardiman, S. C., N. Butchart, and N. Calvo (2014), The morphology of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and its response to climate change in CMIP5 simulations, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 140: 1958–1965. doi: 10.1002/qj.2258

Bushell, A. C., and S. C. Hardiman (2013), Middle Atmosphere Focus workshop: stretching the scientific capabilities of a middle atmosphere resolving General Circulation Model, Atmosph. Sci. Lett., 14: 54–57. doi:10.1002/asl2.413 [Not Peer Reviewed]

Osprey, Scott M., Lesley J. Gray, Steven C. Hardiman, Neal Butchart, and Tim J. Hinton (2013), Stratospheric variability in Twentieth-Century CMIP5 simulations of the Met Office climate model: High-top versus low-top, J. Climate, 26, 1595–1606. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00147.1

Hardiman, Steven C., Neal Butchart, Tim J. Hinton, Scott M. Osprey, and Lesley J. Gray (2012), The Effect of a Well-Resolved Stratosphere on Surface Climate: Differences between CMIP5 Simulations with High and Low Top Versions of the Met Office Climate Model, J. Climate, 25, 7083–7099. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00579.1

Seviour, W. J. M., N. Butchart, and S. C. Hardiman (2012), The Brewer–Dobson circulation inferred from ERA-Interim, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 138: 878–888. doi:10.1002/qj.966

Hardiman, Steven C., Neal Butchart, Andrew J. Charlton-Perez, Tiffany A. Shaw, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Andreas Baumgaertner, Slimane Bekki, Peter Braesicke, Martyn Chipperfield, Martin Dameris, Rolando R. Garcia, Martine Michou, Steven Pawson, Eugene Rozanov, and Kiyotaka Shibata (2011), Improved predictability of the troposphere using stratospheric final warmings, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D18113, 11 PP., doi:10.1029/2011JD015914

The HadGEM2 Development Team: Martin, G. M., N. Bellouin, W. J. Collins, I. D. Culverwell, P. R. Halloran, S. C. Hardiman, T. J. Hinton, C. D. Jones, R. E. McDonald, A. J. McLaren, F. M. O'Connor, M. J. Roberts, J. M. Rodriguez, S. Woodward, et al. (2011), The HadGEM2 family of Met Office Unified Model Climate Configurations, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 723-757, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-723-2011

Jones, C. D., J. K. Hughes, N. Bellouin, S. C. Hardiman, G. Jones, J. Knight, S. Liddicoat, F. M. O'Connor, et al. (2011), The HadGEM2-ES Implementation of CMIP5 Centennial Simulations, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 543-570, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011

Butchart, N., A. J. Charlton-Perez, I. Cionni, S. C. Hardiman, P. H. Haynes, K. Kruger, P. J. Kushner, P. A. Newman, S. M. Osprey, J. Perlwitz, M. Sigmond, L. Wang, et al. (2011), Multimodel climate and variability of the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05102, 21 PP., doi:10.1029/2010JD014995

Osprey, Scott M., Lesley J. Gray, Steven C. Hardiman, Neal Butchart, Andrew C. Bushell, and Tim J. Hinton (2010), The Climatology of the Middle Atmosphere in a Vertically Extended Version of the Met Office's Climate Model. Part II: Variability, J. Atmos. Sci., 67(11), 3637-3651, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3338.1

Bushell, A. C., D. R. Jackson, N. Butchart, S. C. Hardiman, T. J. Hinton, S. M. Osprey, and L. J. Gray (2010), Sensitivity of GCM tropical middle atmosphere variability and climate to ozone and parameterized gravity wave changes, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D15101, doi:10.1029/2009JD013340

Hardiman, Steven C., David G. Andrews, Andy A. White, Neal Butchart, and Ian Edmond (2010), Using different formulations of the Transformed Eulerian Mean equations and EliassenPalm diagnostics in General Circulation Models, J. Atmos. Sci., 67(6), 1983-1995, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3355.1

Hardiman, S. C., N. Butchart, S. M. Osprey, L. J. Gray, A. C. Bushell, and T. J. Hinton (2010), The Climatology of the Middle Atmosphere in a Vertically Extended Version of the Met Office's Climate Model. Part I: Mean State, J. Atmos.Sci., 67(5), 1509-1525, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3337.1

Fletcher, C. G., S. C. Hardiman, P. J. Kushner, and J. Cohen (2009), The dynamical response to snow cover perturbations in a large ensemble of atmospheric GCM integrations, J. Climate, 22(5), 1208-1222, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2505.1

Hardiman, S. C., and P. H. Haynes (2008), Dynamical sensitivity of the stratospheric circulation and downward influence of upper level perturbations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D23103, doi:10.1029/2008JD010168

Hardiman, S. C., P. J. Kushner, and J. Cohen (2008), Investigating the ability of general circulation models to capture the effects of Eurasian snow cover on winter climate, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D21123, doi:10.1029/2008JD010623

Hardiman, S. C., N. Butchart, P. H. Haynes, and S. H. E. Hare (2007), A note on forced versus internal variability of the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12803, doi:10.1029/2007GL029726

Other papers

Smith, D.M., et al. (2025), Mitigation needed to avoid unprecedented multi-decadal North Atlantic Oscillation magnitude. Nat. Clim. Chang., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02277-2

Zuo, J., et al. (2025), Predictability of the Summer 2022 Yangtze River Valley Heatwave in Multiple Seasonal Forecast Systems. Adv. Atmos. Sci, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-4304-6

Sexton, D., et al. (2025), Effect of resolution on simulated teleconnections to winter North Atlantic circulation inferred from a causal network derived from expert elicitation. Clim Dyn, 63, 32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07497-4

Scaife, A., et al. (2024), ENSO affects the North Atlantic Oscillation one year later. Science, 386, 82-86, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk4671

Perez, J., et al. (2024), A new characterisation of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet using two-dimensional moment analysis. Weather Clim. Dynam., 5, 1061-1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1061-2024

Nie, Y., et al. (2024), Eurasian mid-latitude jet stream bridges an Atlantic to Asia summer teleconnection in heat extremes. Environ. Res. Lett., 19 (4), 044003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad2eee

Shamir, O., et al. (2024), The graft-versus-host problem for data-driven gravity-wave parameterizations in a one-dimensional quasibiennial oscillation model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 150(761), 2255-2272, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4707

Weisheimer, A., et al. (2024), The Signal-to-Noise Paradox in Climate Forecasts: Revisiting our Understanding and Identifying Future Priorities. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0019.1

Dunstone, N., et al. (2023), Skilful predictions of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation. Commun Earth Environ, 4, 409, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01063-2

Liu, J., et al. (2023), Predictability and Risk of Extreme Winter PM2.5 Concentration in Beijing. J. Meteor. Res., 37(5), 632–642, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-023-3023-8

Dunstone, N., et al. (2023), Windows of opportunity for predicting seasonal climate extremes highlighted by the Pakistan floods of 2022. Nat Commun 14, 6544, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42377-1

Nie, Y., et al. (2023), Subseasonal Prediction of Early-summer Northeast Asian Cut-off Lows by BCC-CSM2-HR and GloSea5, Adv. Atmos. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2197-9

Bett et al. (2023), Using large ensembles to quantify the impact of sudden stratospheric warmings and their precursors on the North Atlantic Oscillation, Weather and Climate Dynamics, 4 (1), 213-228, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-213-2023

Seabrook et al. (2023), Opposite Impacts of Interannual and Decadal Pacific Variability in the Extratropics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2022GL101226, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101226

Shen et al. (2022), The Stratosphere-Troposphere Oscillation as the Dominant Intraseasonal Coupling Mode between the Stratosphere and Troposphere, J. Climate, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0238.1

Ma et al. (2022), ENSO and QBO modulation of the relationship between Arctic sea ice loss and Eurasian winter climate, Environ. Res. Lett., 17 (12), 124016, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca4e9

Scaife et al. (2022), Long-range predictability of extratropical climate and the length of day, Nature Geoscience, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01037-7

Shen et al. (2022), The Life Cycle and Variability of Antarctic Weak Polar Vortex Events, J. Climate, 35 (6), 2075-2092, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0500.1

Scaife et al. (2022), Long-range prediction and the stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2601-2623, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2601-2022

Smith, D. M., et al. (2022), Robust but weak winter atmospheric circulation response to future Arctic sea ice loss, Nat Commun, 13, 727, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28283-y

Ed Gerber, Patrick Martineau, et al. (2022), S-RIP Chapter 6: Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling, contained in The SPARC S-RIP Activity: SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) Final Report.

Hardiman et al. (2021), Summary of “Predictability of European winter 2019/20: Indian Ocean dipole impacts on the NAO”, CLIVAR Exchanges No.80, p.16-18.

Knight et al. (2020), Predictability of European Winters 2017/2018 and 2018/2019: Contrasting Influences from the Tropics and Stratosphere, Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2020;e1009, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1009 

Andrews et al. (2020), Historical simulations with HadGEM3‐GC3.1 for CMIP6, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12, e2019MS001995. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001995

Eyring et al. (2020), Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0 – an extended set of large-scale diagnostics for quasi-operational and comprehensive evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3383-3438, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3383-2020

Sellar, A. A., et al. (2020), Implementation of UK Earth system models for CMIP6, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12, e2019MS001946. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001946

Dunstone, N., et al. (2019), Skilful real‐time seasonal forecasts of the dry Northern European Summer 2018, Geophysical Research Letters, 46, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084659

Dunstone, N. J., et al. (2018), Predictability of European winter 2016/2017, Atmos Sci Lett. 2018;e868. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.868

Hyder, P., et al. (2018), Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors, Nature Comms., 9, 3625.

Ayarzaguena, B., et al. (2018), No robust evidence of future changes in major stratospheric sudden warmings: a multi-model assessment from CCMI, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11277-11287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11277-2018

Dhomse, S., et al. (2018), Estimates of ozone return dates from chemistry-climate model initiative simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8409-8438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8409-2018

Thompson, V., et al. (2018), Risk and dynamics of unprecedented hot months in South East China, Clim Dyn, 52, 2585-2596, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4281-5

Son, S-W., et al. (2018), Tropospheric jet response to Antarctic ozone depletion: An update with Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) models, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 054024, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabf21

Walters, D., et al. (2017), The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1909-1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1909-2019

Liang, Q., et al. (2017), Deriving global OH abundance and atmospheric lifetimes for long-lived gases: A search for CH3CCl3 alternatives, J. Geophys. Res: Atmospheres, 122 (21), 11914-11933, doi:10.1002/2017JD026926

Smith, D. M., N. J. Dunstone, A. A. Scaife, E. K. Fiedler, D. Copsey, and S. C. Hardiman (2017), Atmospheric response to Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: the importance of ocean-atmosphere coupling and the background state, J. Climate, 30, 4547-4565, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0564.1

Walters, D. N., et al. (2017), The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 6.0/6.1 and JULES Global Land 6.0/6.1 configurations, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1487-1520, doi:10.5194/gmd-10-1487-2017

Morgenstern, O., et al. (2017), Review of the global models used within phase 1 of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 639-671, doi:10.5194/gmd-10-639-2017

Maycock, Amanda, Sarah Ineson, Lesley Gray, Adam Scaife, James Anstey, Michael Lockwood, Neal Butchart, Steven Hardiman, Daniel Mitchell, and Scott Osprey (2015), Possible impacts of a future Grand Solar Minimum on climate: Stratospheric and global circulation changes, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 9043–9058, doi:10.1002/2014JD022022

Chp4 in: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 (2014), Stratospheric Ozone Changes and Climate, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 55, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Manzini, E., et al. (2014), Northern winter climate change: Assessment of uncertainty in CMIP5 projections related to stratosphere – troposphere coupling, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, doi:10.1002/2013JD021403

Morgenstern, O., et al. (2014), Correction to “Impacts of climate change, ozone recovery, and increasing methane on surface ozone and the tropospheric oxidizing capacity”, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 5028–5036, doi:10.1002/2014JD021515

Walters, D. N., et al. (2014), The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 4.0 and JULES Global Land 4.0 configurations, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 361-386, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-361-2014

Chipperfield, M., et al. (2014), Multi-model estimates of atmospheric lifetimes of long-lived Ozone-Depleting Substances: Present and future, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1002/2013JD021097

Lott, F., et al. (2014), Kelvin and Rossby gravity wave packets in the lower stratosphere of some high-top CMIP5 models, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1002/2013JD020797

Gray, L. J., A. A. Scaife, D. M. Mitchell, S. Osprey, S. Ineson, S. Hardiman, N. Butchart, J. Knight, R. Sutton, and K. Kodera (2013), A lagged response to the 11 year solar cycle in observed winter Atlantic/European weather patterns, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1002/2013JD020062.

Chp5 of: SPARC Lifetimes (2013), Lifetimes of Stratospheric Ozone-Depleting Substances, Their Replacements, and Related Species, M.K.W. Ko, P.A. Newman, S. Reimann, and S.E. Strahan(Eds.), SPARC Report No. 6, WCRP-15/2013. SPARC homepage

Charlton-Perez, A. J., et al. (2013), On the lack of stratospheric dynamical variability in low-top versions of the CMIP5 models, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50125

Anstey, J. A., et al. (2013), Multi-model analysis of Northern Hemisphere winter blocking: Model biases and the role of resolution, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50231.

Mitchell, D. M., et al. (2013), The Impact of Stratospheric Resolution on the Detectability of Climate Change Signals in the Free Atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, doi:10.1002/grl.50177

Morgenstern, O., et al. (2013), Impacts of climate change, ozone recovery, and increasing methane on surface ozone and the tropospheric oxidizing capacity, J. Geophys. Res., Atmos., 118, 1028–1041, doi:10.1029/2012JD018382

Mitchell, D. M., et al. (2012), The Effect of Climate Change on the Variability of the Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortex, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2608–2618, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-021.1

Mitchell, D. M., et al. (2012), The nature of Arctic polar vortices in chemistry–climate models, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 138: 1681–1691. doi: 10.1002/qj.1909

Strahan, S. E., et al. (2011), Using transport diagnostics to understand Chemistry Climate Model ozone simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17302, doi:10.1029/2010JD015360

Scaife, A. A., et al. (2011), Climate change projections and stratosphere--troposphere interaction, Clim. Dyn. 36, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1080-7

Chp3 in: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010 (2011), Future Ozone and Its Impact on Surface UV, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project–Report No. 52, 516 pp., World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Oman, L. D., et al. (2010), Multimodel assessment of the factors driving stratospheric ozone evolution over the 21st century, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24306, doi:10.1029/2010JD014362

Ray, E. A., et al. (2010), Evidence for changes in stratospheric transport and mixing over the past three decades based on multiple data sets and tropical leaky pipe analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21304, doi:10.1029/2010JD014206

Austin, J., et al. (2010), Chemistry-climate model simulations of spring Antarctic ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M11, doi:10.1029/2009JD013577

Austin, J., et al. (2010), Decline and recovery of total column ozone using a multimodel time series analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M10, doi:10.1029/2010JD013857

Gettelman, A., et al. (2010), Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Tropics and global trends, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M08, doi:10.1029/2009JD013638

Hegglin, M. I., et al. (2010), Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Extratropics, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M09, doi:10.1029/2010JD013884

Son, S.-W., et al. (2010), Impact of stratospheric ozone on Southern Hemisphere circulation change: A multimodel assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M07, doi:10.1029/2010JD014271

Eyring, V., et al. (2010), Multi-model assessment of stratospheric ozone return dates and ozone recovery in CCMVal-2 models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9451-9472, doi:10.5194/acp-10-9451-2010

Chp4 of: SPARC CCMVal (2010), Chemistry-Climate Model Validation, V. Eyring, T. G. Shepherd, and D. W. Waugh (Eds.), SPARC Report No. 5, WCRP-30, WMO/TD-No. 40. SPARC homepage

Gerber, E. P., et al. (2010), Stratosphere-troposphere coupling and annular mode variability in chemistry-climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M06, doi:10.1029/2009JD013770

Morgenstern, O., et al. (2010), Anthropogenic forcing of the Northern Annular Mode in CCMVal-2 models, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M03, doi:10.1029/2009JD013347

Morgenstern, O., et al. (2010), Review of the formulation of present-generation stratospheric chemistry-climate models and associated external forcings, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M02, doi:10.1029/2009JD013728

Thesis

PhD Thesis (2006)