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References:
From Wikipedia:
JIG
A jig's primary purpose is to provide repeatability, accuracy, and interchangeability in the manufacturing of products.[1]
An example of a jig is when a key is duplicated; the original is used as a jig so the new key can have the same path as the old one. Since the advent of automation and computer numerical controlled (CNC) machines, jigs are often not required because the tool path is digitally programmed and stored in memory. Jigs may be made for reforming plastics.
Jigs or templates have been known long before the industrial age. There are many types of jigs, and each one is custom-tailored to do a specific job.
FIXTURE
A fixture's primary purpose is to create a secure mounting point for a workpiece, allowing for support during operation and increased accuracy, precision, reliability, and interchangeability in the finished parts. It also serves to reduce working time by allowing quick set-up, and by smoothing the transition from part to part.[3] It frequently reduces the complexity of a process, allowing for unskilled workers to perform it and effectively transferring the skill of the tool maker to the unskilled worker.[2] Fixtures also allow for a higher degree of operator safety by reducing the concentration and effort required to hold a piece steady.[3]
Economically speaking the most valuable function of a fixture is to reduce labor costs. Without a fixture, operating a machine or process may require two or more operators; using a fixture can eliminate one of the operators by securing the workpiece.[4]
Differences of Jigs and Fixtures
Basic construction principles of TOOLING
Video:
Fixture Designs and Considerations